But then Neptune also fails that test, since it hasnâ(TM)t âoecleared its orbitâ of Pluto - and therein lies the problem.
Ah, you're falling for the old thing that "Pluto crosses the orbit of Neptune". It doesn't, in the same way that the two major roads in a cloverstack interchange don't actually cross because they're at different levels.
Orbital geometry is more complex than 2d-representations of it suggest. Pluto actually gets closer to Uranus (11AU, ~1.65 Tm) than it does Neptune (17AU, 2.5 TM). Refresh your memory on the 2:3 ("Plutoid") orbital resonance while you're at it, and remember that any other object in a Plutoid orbital resonance with Neptune does not necessarily have the same perihelion distance, aphelion distance, nor longitudes of perihelion or of ascending node. Mutual colissions are possible, but unlikely.
If you discover it (which means, characterising it's orbit well enough to be recovered on at least 2 oppositions), then your proposed name will be considered seriously by the IAU MPC in the light of their existing rules. (Which are on the MPC's website, if you're interested.)
I suspect "Snoopy" would fail on copyright grounds.
Enjoy building your telescope and doing your searches. Odds-on, it'll take a fraction of the rest of your career.
Headline is wrong. "Experts say" should be rewritten to "One expert says."
Actually, Dr Metzger (@DrPhilTill ) has been talking about this since he and a couple of others (S.Alan Stern, PI on New Horizons, @AlanStern and A.N.Other) started trying this "historical usage" tack about 6 months ago. It's a valid exercise in the history of scientific terminology, but that's not particularly relevant to the evolving ideas about how planetary systems develop.
While I have lots of respect for both @DrPhilTill and @AlanStern (and they're doing more to get humans off this death trap of a planet than anyone else), they still haven't convinced me that the IAU definition is wrong in it's planet-formation process implications.
Russia used troll farms to influence people though cost-free posts.
Trolls need to be fed, housed, and provided with connectivity and hardware. Low-cost, but not cost-free.
If I were being cost-conscious, I'd use the police's data to "feel the collar" of multiple hackers involved in card fraud, spam selling, spear-phishing, etc, then require them to develop troll-running tools, strategies for identifying "hot button" topics etc, and to direct their thefts at desired targets on demand. Let them decide who is the most effective troll breeder, and pay him. Penalty for non-compliance : 5 years in Siberia. Somewhere that would make you have sweaty dreams of the fleshpots of Norilsk.
The Russian campaign contributions had a significant advantage; [...] They were aiming for disruption of America by any means necessary, with no concern for collateral damage.
In regard of one sovereign power attempting to disrupt the internal structures of another foreign power, what would "collateral damage" look like? I mean, if it is damage somewhere in the target power (or in it's foreign relations, alliances, etc), then it's still damage, and in the direction intended.
I suppose that accidentally causing expensive damage - eg, an infrastructure hack causing some Sierra Nevada dams to be dumped, and San Francisco/ Silicon Valley flooded to complete destruction of prototypes and records - could qualify. But that's more of an equipment hack than trying to manipulate the target's politics.
I'm still wondering how much the GRU have spent on their attempt to break up the EU - again, it's being a spectacularly effective leveraging of investment. Got to give them their dues : they know how to manipulate people better than our own politicians and marketing professionals. Which should cause much soul-searching in both professions - as well as necromantic rites, to bring the souls back from the dungeons to which they've been consigned after being traded to the Elder Gods for power over humans.
Even if it was clean, on time and lacked smelly bums.....why would I choose public transportation when I can more easily and directly have door-to-door services with my own car?
I think you forgot the bit about spending 10 minutes at each end of the journey to find a parking space for your car - then having to leave the workplace every hour or two to move the car to a new location, because the parking places come with time limits and fines.
It is, after all, far cheaper than demolishing the centres of cities and re-building them around the car, which is only going to be a transitory thing for a century and a half, if that when buildings are for millennia or longer.
I'm assuming that a quarter to a third of your housing costs are devoted to off-road parking for your car, probably in a garage. More, if you live on a level above ground floor.
Annual per capita transit trips in the U.S. plummeted from 115.8 in 1950 to 36.1 in 1970, where they have roughly remained since, even as population has grown.
So, on average three trips per American per month. That's actually quite high. Higher than I'd have expected.
Some $44 billion worth of semiconductors are exported from the U.S. each year, making them America's fourth leading manufacturing export after cars, airplanes and refined oil.
So, import tariffs on US-made (or just "foreign made", for "foreign" meaning "not in ASEAN, EU, etc) will increase to strangle the export of them until the US plants either shut down or have to drop their export prices drastically.
{SLOW HANDCLAP] for the Tiny-Handed Pussy-Grabber-in-Chief.
But at certain ratios it creates a standing wave which forms a hexagon
I remember the work, but not the details. I'd be more surprised if they didn't find speed ratios that produced 4-fold symmetry standing waves and 8-fold standing waves. than if they did.
It's impressive that the hexagon is that tall, since that implies the wind speeds are consistent through that height.
300km tall section of the sky, by 30000-odd km wide. That's a 100:1 aspect ratio, like a half-sheet of gypsum drywall width to it's thickness.
Actually all science used to be published in open access journals run by various scientific societies.
Bollocks.
I'm not aware of any "learned society" (typically, the governing body for (eg) the Flange Sprocket Designers of Ruritania) that had it's journal "Open Access", in any form. Fellows accepted into the society might get an ink-on-paper (more recently, digital access) copy of the journal as part of their annual fees for membership. But that's not cheap. My society charges Fellows £176/year for membership (with one journal plus an OpenAthens log in that covers many more journals - always worth a try). For comparison, the last time I saw an advert for Nature (which I get through OpenAthens anyway), it was £199/year.
(Things like the OpenAthens clubbing together does reduce costs, but it's far from free.)
If you're a librarian wanting to get ink-on-paper copies of the Society's Journal, you'd be something like £500/year (because each copy will be read by multiple users), or £1500/year for digital access (probably more for large institutions). These are also quite far from free.
A group working on setting up an Arxiv-a-like for our subject is currently tangled in the thorny question of whether or not to allow comment on the OA archive, and if so how to manage or deal with abusive commentators with zero budget to pay for the time of qualified moderators. As a fellow of an appropriate "Learned Society", I'm probably "qualified", but if this is going to take time from my working day, I'll need to be paid for it. It's part of the concept of "professional". My contract has zero hours/month assigned for "outreach", since I work in industry, not education.
Contrary to what the headline says, TFS is actually informative:
But this will mean big changes in how and when Chrome displays URLs. We want to challenge how URLs should be displayed and question it as we're figuring out the right way to convey identity.
(My emphasis).
"how and when Chrome displays URLs." Well there are probably browsers that do that already. Certainly my phone's version of Firefox only displays a URL some of the time. Already. That's just going to get more complex.
"as we're figuring out the right way to convey identity [of the website being accessed]." That is certainly one of the useful things for displaying the URL to an end user. Different people, with different knowledge bases, will have different requirements down this aspect of customisation. But all the display options in the world isn't going to stop Uncle Alf from giving away the family silver to Very.Bad.Bank.COM if he thinks it's a good thing to do.
That is corrosion of the zirconium cladding of the fuel assemblies by water to produce zirconium oxide and free hydrogen. Not dissociation of water into hydrogen and oxygen. Where, at the end of the day, is your free oxygen?
you wind up with pressures and temperatures that cause water to dissociate into hydrogen and oxygen.
I don't think that word means what you think it means. "dissociate", that is.
Water dissociating into hydrogen and oxygen is strongly dependent on temperature - around 0.00000000000001 % at human-liveable temperatures, 1% at 2000 degC, and 50% at 3000 degC. However many structural materials (iron, the carbon and cementite in steel, other alloying elements in steel, zirconium in fuel cladding, and many others) will react with water at far lower temperatures producing hydrogen and (metal or semi-metal) oxide rather than hydrogen and oxygen ; the hydrogen can then become a potential explosive material if it mixes (between about 3% and 90% v/v, NTP) with air. But that's corrosion, not dissociation.
There is also a problem with dissociation that without pretty finely-tuned ceramic structures, you'll get a very high temperature mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gases, which tends to, like, burn, man ; producing water. By the time that the burning doesn't produce significant energy above the kinetic energy of it's formative molecules, you're already getting into the temperatures where plasma becomes an increasing component of the mix - to the point it can't' be ignored.
If you want to try using technical terms like "dissociation", try expressing that high temperature water vapour breaks down into a variable mixture of dihydrogen (hydrogen gas), dioxygen (oxygen gas), hydroxyl free radical (OH*), oxygen free radical (O*), atomic hydrogen (H), atomic oxygen (O), and small amounts of peroxide free radical (O-O-H) and more esoteric molecules. The exact proportions vary strongly with temperature, pressure and contaminants, but many of the molecular fragments are vigorously reactive with all sorts of other molecules and compounds.
Tricksy stuff, water. If you want a real headache, try reading up on how ICPMS works with multi-kiloKelvin sample ion sources. I stuck to GCMS, which I understand better.
This might have had something to do with the string used for the pendulum.
Well, "Doh!", it took me about 3 minutes once I'd downloaded the paper (using my OpenAthens login via my professional body) to establish that in one of the two experiments (time-of-swing) they used a fused silica "piece of string", and in the other (angular-acceleration-feedback) they used a tungsten "piece of string". There were other treatments (e.g. a conductive germanium-bismuth coating on the silica fibres to reduce noise from stray electric charge on the suspension fibre.
That such a vital part of the experimental forms differs is... well, it's an obvious target to change when addressing the question of "why do the values from the two machines and methods differ?" I'd need to do more than a 3 minute scan of the paper (and Extended Data) to try to work out why they chose these two designs, but I think that'd be a damned good place to start.
I note that their "Quality" factor for their silica fibres is higher than for their tungsten fibres. So they must have damned good reasons for using the tungsten. Also, Cavendish (who developed this method - it's good to see a 1798 paper being referenced 220 years later) used fused silica suspensory wires, again suggesting there is a damned good reason to use Tungsten in one of the apparati .
Gizmodo - a "piece of string"? Really. Is this the level of popular science reporting in the US? I'm so glad I don't waste reading time on it. In fact, I think the only time I see it mentioned is here.
My wristwatch picks up time correction signals from somewhere in southern Germany, which is neither run nor funded by the US govt's NIST.
I remember looking at "local" atomic clocks when I was following up on the whole question of "accurate local time" after the wife got me the radio-corrected watch. They're not cheap - a few thousand dollars - but comparable with a really chunky laptop or desktop gaming rig. But the structural work the house would have needed (basement room for thermal regulation, vibration-absorbing pedestal) would have cost more.
Reality is them giving you the password, you not using it (because "trust"), and so you not discovering that they changed the password 3 minutes after they gave you the old one.
A better reality would be having a monthly ("weekly" is also defensible) ceremony of them (all, assuming multiple kids) changing their passwords for all their online accounts in front of you, you writing down the passwords into a notebook, then locking the notebook into a box which is bolted into the wall of a public room. After all, for their entire working lives they'll be required to change passwords frequently, so get them used to it young.
Because the only offices Facebook have in the UK sell advertising, and do management shit. Which country their server farms are in is not known (to me), but one would infer they're not in the UK. And you can bet that the "management shit" of Facebook will have enough legal horsepower in the office that the RoTW management of Facebook will know about the raid before the officers start to try to force passwords out of the arrested, so the Facebook internal security system will just stop all non-customer log-ins from the UK. Or Europe.
Slashdot Mirror
Ah, you're falling for the old thing that "Pluto crosses the orbit of Neptune". It doesn't, in the same way that the two major roads in a cloverstack interchange don't actually cross because they're at different levels.
Orbital geometry is more complex than 2d-representations of it suggest. Pluto actually gets closer to Uranus (11AU, ~1.65 Tm) than it does Neptune (17AU, 2.5 TM). Refresh your memory on the 2:3 ("Plutoid") orbital resonance while you're at it, and remember that any other object in a Plutoid orbital resonance with Neptune does not necessarily have the same perihelion distance, aphelion distance, nor longitudes of perihelion or of ascending node. Mutual colissions are possible, but unlikely.
I suspect "Snoopy" would fail on copyright grounds.
Enjoy building your telescope and doing your searches. Odds-on, it'll take a fraction of the rest of your career.
Homer called. He needs a seeing-eye to help him do the paperwork for his copyright suit,
Actually, Dr Metzger (@DrPhilTill ) has been talking about this since he and a couple of others (S.Alan Stern, PI on New Horizons, @AlanStern and A.N.Other) started trying this "historical usage" tack about 6 months ago. It's a valid exercise in the history of scientific terminology, but that's not particularly relevant to the evolving ideas about how planetary systems develop.
While I have lots of respect for both @DrPhilTill and @AlanStern (and they're doing more to get humans off this death trap of a planet than anyone else), they still haven't convinced me that the IAU definition is wrong in it's planet-formation process implications.
Trolls need to be fed, housed, and provided with connectivity and hardware. Low-cost, but not cost-free.
If I were being cost-conscious, I'd use the police's data to "feel the collar" of multiple hackers involved in card fraud, spam selling, spear-phishing, etc, then require them to develop troll-running tools, strategies for identifying "hot button" topics etc, and to direct their thefts at desired targets on demand. Let them decide who is the most effective troll breeder, and pay him. Penalty for non-compliance : 5 years in Siberia. Somewhere that would make you have sweaty dreams of the fleshpots of Norilsk.
In regard of one sovereign power attempting to disrupt the internal structures of another foreign power, what would "collateral damage" look like? I mean, if it is damage somewhere in the target power (or in it's foreign relations, alliances, etc), then it's still damage, and in the direction intended.
I suppose that accidentally causing expensive damage - eg, an infrastructure hack causing some Sierra Nevada dams to be dumped, and San Francisco/ Silicon Valley flooded to complete destruction of prototypes and records - could qualify. But that's more of an equipment hack than trying to manipulate the target's politics.
I'm still wondering how much the GRU have spent on their attempt to break up the EU - again, it's being a spectacularly effective leveraging of investment. Got to give them their dues : they know how to manipulate people better than our own politicians and marketing professionals. Which should cause much soul-searching in both professions - as well as necromantic rites, to bring the souls back from the dungeons to which they've been consigned after being traded to the Elder Gods for power over humans.
I think you forgot the bit about spending 10 minutes at each end of the journey to find a parking space for your car - then having to leave the workplace every hour or two to move the car to a new location, because the parking places come with time limits and fines.
It is, after all, far cheaper than demolishing the centres of cities and re-building them around the car, which is only going to be a transitory thing for a century and a half, if that when buildings are for millennia or longer.
I'm assuming that a quarter to a third of your housing costs are devoted to off-road parking for your car, probably in a garage. More, if you live on a level above ground floor.
So, on average three trips per American per month. That's actually quite high. Higher than I'd have expected.
So, import tariffs on US-made (or just "foreign made", for "foreign" meaning "not in ASEAN, EU, etc) will increase to strangle the export of them until the US plants either shut down or have to drop their export prices drastically.
{SLOW HANDCLAP] for the Tiny-Handed Pussy-Grabber-in-Chief.
I remember the work, but not the details. I'd be more surprised if they didn't find speed ratios that produced 4-fold symmetry standing waves and 8-fold standing waves. than if they did.
300km tall section of the sky, by 30000-odd km wide. That's a 100:1 aspect ratio, like a half-sheet of gypsum drywall width to it's thickness.
Ignore the freaking hippies.
No. Next question?
Bollocks.
I'm not aware of any "learned society" (typically, the governing body for (eg) the Flange Sprocket Designers of Ruritania) that had it's journal "Open Access", in any form. Fellows accepted into the society might get an ink-on-paper (more recently, digital access) copy of the journal as part of their annual fees for membership. But that's not cheap. My society charges Fellows £176/year for membership (with one journal plus an OpenAthens log in that covers many more journals - always worth a try). For comparison, the last time I saw an advert for Nature (which I get through OpenAthens anyway), it was £199/year.
(Things like the OpenAthens clubbing together does reduce costs, but it's far from free.)
If you're a librarian wanting to get ink-on-paper copies of the Society's Journal, you'd be something like £500/year (because each copy will be read by multiple users), or £1500/year for digital access (probably more for large institutions). These are also quite far from free.
A group working on setting up an Arxiv-a-like for our subject is currently tangled in the thorny question of whether or not to allow comment on the OA archive, and if so how to manage or deal with abusive commentators with zero budget to pay for the time of qualified moderators. As a fellow of an appropriate "Learned Society", I'm probably "qualified", but if this is going to take time from my working day, I'll need to be paid for it. It's part of the concept of "professional". My contract has zero hours/month assigned for "outreach", since I work in industry, not education.
(My emphasis).
"how and when Chrome displays URLs." Well there are probably browsers that do that already. Certainly my phone's version of Firefox only displays a URL some of the time. Already. That's just going to get more complex.
"as we're figuring out the right way to convey identity [of the website being accessed]." That is certainly one of the useful things for displaying the URL to an end user. Different people, with different knowledge bases, will have different requirements down this aspect of customisation. But all the display options in the world isn't going to stop Uncle Alf from giving away the family silver to Very.Bad.Bank.COM if he thinks it's a good thing to do.
That is corrosion of the zirconium cladding of the fuel assemblies by water to produce zirconium oxide and free hydrogen. Not dissociation of water into hydrogen and oxygen. Where, at the end of the day, is your free oxygen?
Yes, eventually you'd probably be able to build a human rights case, but that'd take a lot longer than 2 years.
I don't think that word means what you think it means. "dissociate", that is.
Water dissociating into hydrogen and oxygen is strongly dependent on temperature - around 0.00000000000001 % at human-liveable temperatures, 1% at 2000 degC, and 50% at 3000 degC. However many structural materials (iron, the carbon and cementite in steel, other alloying elements in steel, zirconium in fuel cladding, and many others) will react with water at far lower temperatures producing hydrogen and (metal or semi-metal) oxide rather than hydrogen and oxygen ; the hydrogen can then become a potential explosive material if it mixes (between about 3% and 90% v/v, NTP) with air. But that's corrosion, not dissociation.
There is also a problem with dissociation that without pretty finely-tuned ceramic structures, you'll get a very high temperature mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gases, which tends to, like, burn, man ; producing water. By the time that the burning doesn't produce significant energy above the kinetic energy of it's formative molecules, you're already getting into the temperatures where plasma becomes an increasing component of the mix - to the point it can't' be ignored.
If you want to try using technical terms like "dissociation", try expressing that high temperature water vapour breaks down into a variable mixture of dihydrogen (hydrogen gas), dioxygen (oxygen gas), hydroxyl free radical (OH*), oxygen free radical (O*), atomic hydrogen (H), atomic oxygen (O), and small amounts of peroxide free radical (O-O-H) and more esoteric molecules. The exact proportions vary strongly with temperature, pressure and contaminants, but many of the molecular fragments are vigorously reactive with all sorts of other molecules and compounds.
Tricksy stuff, water. If you want a real headache, try reading up on how ICPMS works with multi-kiloKelvin sample ion sources. I stuck to GCMS, which I understand better.
That would be "white, American, church-going"?
Well, "Doh!", it took me about 3 minutes once I'd downloaded the paper (using my OpenAthens login via my professional body) to establish that in one of the two experiments (time-of-swing) they used a fused silica "piece of string", and in the other (angular-acceleration-feedback) they used a tungsten "piece of string". There were other treatments (e.g. a conductive germanium-bismuth coating on the silica fibres to reduce noise from stray electric charge on the suspension fibre.
That such a vital part of the experimental forms differs is ... well, it's an obvious target to change when addressing the question of "why do the values from the two machines and methods differ?" I'd need to do more than a 3 minute scan of the paper (and Extended Data) to try to work out why they chose these two designs, but I think that'd be a damned good place to start.
I note that their "Quality" factor for their silica fibres is higher than for their tungsten fibres. So they must have damned good reasons for using the tungsten. Also, Cavendish (who developed this method - it's good to see a 1798 paper being referenced 220 years later) used fused silica suspensory wires, again suggesting there is a damned good reason to use Tungsten in one of the apparati .
Gizmodo - a "piece of string"? Really. Is this the level of popular science reporting in the US? I'm so glad I don't waste reading time on it. In fact, I think the only time I see it mentioned is here.
No, because that would make it's incoherence even more obvious.
I remember looking at "local" atomic clocks when I was following up on the whole question of "accurate local time" after the wife got me the radio-corrected watch. They're not cheap - a few thousand dollars - but comparable with a really chunky laptop or desktop gaming rig. But the structural work the house would have needed (basement room for thermal regulation, vibration-absorbing pedestal) would have cost more.
In theory, they should be identical. Which is what makes the difference interesting.
This would not be accepted as a defence.
A better reality would be having a monthly ("weekly" is also defensible) ceremony of them (all, assuming multiple kids) changing their passwords for all their online accounts in front of you, you writing down the passwords into a notebook, then locking the notebook into a box which is bolted into the wall of a public room. After all, for their entire working lives they'll be required to change passwords frequently, so get them used to it young.
Because the only offices Facebook have in the UK sell advertising, and do management shit. Which country their server farms are in is not known (to me), but one would infer they're not in the UK. And you can bet that the "management shit" of Facebook will have enough legal horsepower in the office that the RoTW management of Facebook will know about the raid before the officers start to try to force passwords out of the arrested, so the Facebook internal security system will just stop all non-customer log-ins from the UK. Or Europe.