At the same time, I think I could argue the rate of change is not fast enough to cause major problems.
You could argue that. But you'd be wrong.
The last time this sort of rate of carbon duping into the atmosphere happened - at the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum - there were such major changes in land and marine flora and fauna, macroscopic and microscopic, that the event was picked as a major boundary in the history of life. Which is why the fossils before that date event assigned to the Palaeocene series, and the fossils after were assigned to the Eocene series. That's what the names mean. And these names were assigned without any knowledge of the underlying climatic processes. Indeed, the series names were assigned about the same time that people were just starting to investigate the infra-red transmission properties of different gases.
But hey, I spent a decade drilling oil wells and using the detailed properties and stratigraphy of this boundary to earn a living. What the fuck would I know?
We had a pretty strong rise from ~1890 to ~1940, and that would cover a HUGE section of time pre-CO2 emissions issue.
Globally CO2 production has been rising all the time since measurements first became accurate enough to see the annual level variation. Significant human production of coal (and thus release of CO2 not recently extracted from the atmosphere by plants) started in the early 1700s, before the identification of CO2. In glacial ice data you can see this rise, and also rises associated with the spread of farming (causing release of carbon stored in soils). You can also see, in the Greenland ice data, the effect of lead production and pollution by the Romans in Britain - which I personally find interesting.
Hitting +2C above pre-industrial levels by the end of this century represents warming 10x more rapid than anything we see geological record since the Cretaceousâ"Paleogene extinction event.
I think you mean the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, not the K-Pg.
Without action, a +4C scenario is increasingly plausible.
That's moving rapidly from the "plausible" into the "likely". But no-one alive today is likely to see that unless we get average lifespans up into the 150+ range. If you choose to have children. you may have additional concerns.
The binaries have been distributed on a memory device, buried in a fancy case that says "Symantec Core Router" (or something - whatever this device is).
The non-distributed case is for products that are not sold as such, but kept entirely in-house. If you build your own Widget and only use it on your own sites, then you're not distributing it (Google's millions of servers probably fall in this category). If you build a Widget which is used as a tool only by your staff working as contractors on other companies sites, that probably doesn't count as distributing it either (it's still not public). Quite how far you go before it is "distributed", I'm not sure, but it's somewhere beyond that level.
I bet that some people bought the hype and thought that these would be perpetual addresses
What is this concept of a "permanent address" in relation to TCP/IP? It might seem permanent to you, but some of us are actually older than the Internet and view such things as just recent fads. I wouldn't be surprised if the people (*) who write the major networking protocols in use when I die haven't been conceived yet.
(*) - includes programs, including ones with formal proofing built into the compiler.
Wellll... mechanised killing had been a thing for 40 years before WW1 (the famous "jammed Gatling" in Newbolt's 1892 poem Vitaà Lampada refers to an event in the 1885 Sudan massacres). But most of this had been organised massacres by Western armies of poorly armed colonials with different-coloured skins.
What was novel in WW1 was that both sides were pretty closely matched in terms of armaments, that it was white killing whites (mostly - quite a lot of colonials from the British Empire too, of course), and it was happening close enough to home for the "legless, the armless, the blind and insane" to get home to trouble people's consciences.
Because a single precision-guided weapon is cheaper then a plane full of dumb iron and TNT?
Never underestimate the power of the bean-counters to make evil banal.
If you want to kill a *lot* of people, though, you don't use a gun. Bombs and incendiaries are much more effective.
Germ warfare is the way to go. Find a pathogen to which your target population is susceptible, which transmits person-to-person, and has a significant infectious period before debilitating the patient, then spread it.
Simples.
Worked a treat in degrading the native populations of the Americas, and was put to good use by the Mongol hordes centuries earlier without an iota of germ theory.
Probably cheaper then getting into orbit with a lot of nukes.
Without even trying particularly hard, I can get the use of "the Rift Valley" (in various permutations) back to 1894 as a geological term. I don't know enough of East African history to really be interested in following it back into the murkiness of Dr Livingstone's expeditions (though I've scuba dived where he last set off into "the interior") to investigate the naming further, but Livingstone wasn't a geological innocent, and neither were Speke and Burton. I suspect it has always been a geologically inspired name.
At Afar, certainly something closely resembling a mantle plume. Further south in the Rift system... a much trickier proposition. Is there a second plume under the Turkana region where Eastern and Western Rifts separate? Why the tectonic and sedimentary contrasts between Eastern and Western Rifts?
I attended a 3-day conference largely devoted to such questions a bit over a year ago. No one knows "the" answer, if indeed there is a posable question. Very interesting ; very hard to condense into notes.
It is unclear from the reporting if the fissure was present for some time but has only recently broken through to the surface. As a caver, I spend an appreciable part of my spare time in underground voids which have been forming for thousands of years (one study I've been involved with hints at a multi-million year history for a UK cave), and are slowly ascending by roof stoping. Eventually they'll break through to the surface, seemingly suddenly but really the result of a millennia-long process.
This flooding of the rift valley into a sea will take at least 1 million years they say...
It'll take a lot longer than that, since most of the East African Rift System is actually above sea level. Some of the lake bottoms go below sea level, but they're already full of water.
when the rift reaches the mediterranean
Very unlikely to happen - the rift is already veering towards the Arabian Sea at the Afar Triangle. While there is probably some geotectonic control over the direction of the lower 2500km of the Nile's course, the fact that the river flows rather indicates that there is a general slope upwards along it's course. Any deep bedrock pits are already filled with sediment.
I'd have loved to see the end-Messinian flooding of the Mediterranean basin. Or, for that matter, the Zechstein Basin (for which we have sedimentological evidence of the rapidity of flooding, with air-expulsion structures in dune sandstones being well-known.
Which do you think has been more effective: the EU itself, or the positive ties that it brought between European nations?
I don't differentiate between them.
a major factor in causing the last World War was strong punitive actions against a major European power.
So, don't go to that extent. As far as I can see, Britain post Brexit is going to increasingly become a shitty unpleasant place to live, and the people who can leave will - leaving the country with the dregs who can't leave. It makes me feel bad for my parents, who've chosen to stay. But I've no intention of staying. Or of paying any more tax to the UK economy than I have to.
At those speeds and distances, how would this not be ablative?
Errr, by not hitting anything?
Seriously - despite the visible impact of the corona when you see a total solar eclipse, and the perfectly accurate talk of "coronal mass ejections" and solar wind, it's still a pretty good vacuum out there, by terrestrial laboratory standards.
You reach the junction, come to a brief halt, identify the gap in the traffic and accelerate smoothly into it, safely coming up to speed without forcing anybody else to slow down.
... which will require at least one, if not two, gear changes. So you operate the clutch twice. And on my car (well, the wife's, practically ; I rarely drive the thing), operating the clutch will re-start the engine before you come back up to the bite point.
leaving you sat there for half a second waiting for your car to start fucking moving.
So? Apart from making your penis smaller, what hazard is a stationary vehicle? Or are you afraid of being rear-ended by the idiot behind? You do have to assume a certain degree of competence in other drivers - that's what the tests are for (and I've long advocated for compulsory loss of driving licence and compulsory re-passing of the new driver's exam - though I'd listen to arguments over whether it should be at 5 year or 10 year intervals).
Making a modification like that to your car's electronic control systems is nearly certain to void your insurance. You know - the bit of the form where you have to declare if you have made any significant changes to the vehicle from the manufacturer-supplied model. You could make an argument for replacing the tyres with a different brand but same dimensions and speed rating. But if you changed the tyre width or aspect ratio, you'd probably find your insurance voided when you make a claim. So, you're now charged with driving without insurance, in addition to whatever the original accident was.
If you don't like it, buy a different vehicle without that feature. If you can't find a vehicle you like, you have the complete freedom to design and build your own. And get it insured if you want to drive on public roads.
(Actually, I find the start-stop a *little* annoying too. But since I long ago got into the habit of depressing the clutch before starting the engine (a requirement in Norway - the first foreign country I drove in, 3 months after getting my licence), it took minutes - whole minutes ! - to get used to. We probably won't be buying another VW, but that won't be a significant reason.)
What kind of fucking moron cares about the "EU's best interest?"
People who think that the EU has been the most effective method found so far of preventing countries in Europe from going to war with each other. Just to remind you - the last time that happened pre-EU, about a quarter of a million English speakers died. Six million Yiddish speakers, several million gays and Roma, and around 50 million Russian speakers. Even the recent (and unfinished) spat in the Balkans was relatively mild.
Anyway, as an EU citizen, who contributed to the 1974 campaign in the full and confident knowledge of the "closer political ties" agenda, and to various other campaigns since, who speaks 4 EU languages with a fair degree of confidence and is slowly adding Polish to that stable, while contemplating either Chinese or Arabic as the next one to start, I heartily support the EU's self-defence agenda of making Brexit as destructive as possible for the leaving country. As, obviously the UK government does too, judging by their actions. Leaving and taking my tax revenue with me will be the last step. Obviously, I have two ways out.
Not a major problem - build an acupuncturing robot. Position sensor for the needle tip position ; force sensor ; some system to aim the machine at a target. Get the patient marked up by competing practitioners with different ideas of where the needle should go - maybe with different sensitivities of UV fluorescing dye so they can't see each other's markers.
You can double-blind these things, if you think it it's worth the effort.
Slashdot Mirror
You could argue that. But you'd be wrong.
The last time this sort of rate of carbon duping into the atmosphere happened - at the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum - there were such major changes in land and marine flora and fauna, macroscopic and microscopic, that the event was picked as a major boundary in the history of life. Which is why the fossils before that date event assigned to the Palaeocene series, and the fossils after were assigned to the Eocene series. That's what the names mean. And these names were assigned without any knowledge of the underlying climatic processes. Indeed, the series names were assigned about the same time that people were just starting to investigate the infra-red transmission properties of different gases.
But hey, I spent a decade drilling oil wells and using the detailed properties and stratigraphy of this boundary to earn a living. What the fuck would I know?
Globally CO2 production has been rising all the time since measurements first became accurate enough to see the annual level variation. Significant human production of coal (and thus release of CO2 not recently extracted from the atmosphere by plants) started in the early 1700s, before the identification of CO2. In glacial ice data you can see this rise, and also rises associated with the spread of farming (causing release of carbon stored in soils). You can also see, in the Greenland ice data, the effect of lead production and pollution by the Romans in Britain - which I personally find interesting.
I think you mean the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum, not the K-Pg.
That's moving rapidly from the "plausible" into the "likely". But no-one alive today is likely to see that unless we get average lifespans up into the 150+ range. If you choose to have children. you may have additional concerns.
The binaries have been distributed on a memory device, buried in a fancy case that says "Symantec Core Router" (or something - whatever this device is).
The non-distributed case is for products that are not sold as such, but kept entirely in-house. If you build your own Widget and only use it on your own sites, then you're not distributing it (Google's millions of servers probably fall in this category). If you build a Widget which is used as a tool only by your staff working as contractors on other companies sites, that probably doesn't count as distributing it either (it's still not public). Quite how far you go before it is "distributed", I'm not sure, but it's somewhere beyond that level.
What is this concept of a "permanent address" in relation to TCP/IP? It might seem permanent to you, but some of us are actually older than the Internet and view such things as just recent fads. I wouldn't be surprised if the people (*) who write the major networking protocols in use when I die haven't been conceived yet.
(*) - includes programs, including ones with formal proofing built into the compiler.
... that's a feature.
Except for when they did - in 1918.
What's that saying about the fate of those who forget history?
Wellll ... mechanised killing had been a thing for 40 years before WW1 (the famous "jammed Gatling" in Newbolt's 1892 poem Vitaà Lampada refers to an event in the 1885 Sudan massacres). But most of this had been organised massacres by Western armies of poorly armed colonials with different-coloured skins.
What was novel in WW1 was that both sides were pretty closely matched in terms of armaments, that it was white killing whites (mostly - quite a lot of colonials from the British Empire too, of course), and it was happening close enough to home for the "legless, the armless, the blind and insane" to get home to trouble people's consciences.
Because a single precision-guided weapon is cheaper then a plane full of dumb iron and TNT? Never underestimate the power of the bean-counters to make evil banal.
You don't total up your shopping bill as you're going around the shop?
If the gun was brought in from out of state, will this lead to customs posts and baggage searches at the borders and points of entry?
Germ warfare is the way to go. Find a pathogen to which your target population is susceptible, which transmits person-to-person, and has a significant infectious period before debilitating the patient, then spread it.
Simples.
Worked a treat in degrading the native populations of the Americas, and was put to good use by the Mongol hordes centuries earlier without an iota of germ theory.
Probably cheaper then getting into orbit with a lot of nukes.
Without even trying particularly hard, I can get the use of "the Rift Valley" (in various permutations) back to 1894 as a geological term. I don't know enough of East African history to really be interested in following it back into the murkiness of Dr Livingstone's expeditions (though I've scuba dived where he last set off into "the interior") to investigate the naming further, but Livingstone wasn't a geological innocent, and neither were Speke and Burton. I suspect it has always been a geologically inspired name.
Ground-penetrating radar is your friend.
I attended a 3-day conference largely devoted to such questions a bit over a year ago. No one knows "the" answer, if indeed there is a posable question. Very interesting ; very hard to condense into notes.
It is unclear from the reporting if the fissure was present for some time but has only recently broken through to the surface. As a caver, I spend an appreciable part of my spare time in underground voids which have been forming for thousands of years (one study I've been involved with hints at a multi-million year history for a UK cave), and are slowly ascending by roof stoping. Eventually they'll break through to the surface, seemingly suddenly but really the result of a millennia-long process.
It'll take a lot longer than that, since most of the East African Rift System is actually above sea level. Some of the lake bottoms go below sea level, but they're already full of water.
Very unlikely to happen - the rift is already veering towards the Arabian Sea at the Afar Triangle. While there is probably some geotectonic control over the direction of the lower 2500km of the Nile's course, the fact that the river flows rather indicates that there is a general slope upwards along it's course. Any deep bedrock pits are already filled with sediment.
I'd have loved to see the end-Messinian flooding of the Mediterranean basin. Or, for that matter, the Zechstein Basin (for which we have sedimentological evidence of the rapidity of flooding, with air-expulsion structures in dune sandstones being well-known.
You're going to stay at home and steal their job by making it an irrelevant and unprofitable thing to do? Good.
I don't differentiate between them.
So, don't go to that extent. As far as I can see, Britain post Brexit is going to increasingly become a shitty unpleasant place to live, and the people who can leave will - leaving the country with the dregs who can't leave. It makes me feel bad for my parents, who've chosen to stay. But I've no intention of staying. Or of paying any more tax to the UK economy than I have to.
Errr, by not hitting anything? Seriously - despite the visible impact of the corona when you see a total solar eclipse, and the perfectly accurate talk of "coronal mass ejections" and solar wind, it's still a pretty good vacuum out there, by terrestrial laboratory standards.
... which will require at least one, if not two, gear changes. So you operate the clutch twice. And on my car (well, the wife's, practically ; I rarely drive the thing), operating the clutch will re-start the engine before you come back up to the bite point.
So? Apart from making your penis smaller, what hazard is a stationary vehicle? Or are you afraid of being rear-ended by the idiot behind? You do have to assume a certain degree of competence in other drivers - that's what the tests are for (and I've long advocated for compulsory loss of driving licence and compulsory re-passing of the new driver's exam - though I'd listen to arguments over whether it should be at 5 year or 10 year intervals).
If you don't like it, buy a different vehicle without that feature. If you can't find a vehicle you like, you have the complete freedom to design and build your own. And get it insured if you want to drive on public roads.
(Actually, I find the start-stop a *little* annoying too. But since I long ago got into the habit of depressing the clutch before starting the engine (a requirement in Norway - the first foreign country I drove in, 3 months after getting my licence), it took minutes - whole minutes ! - to get used to. We probably won't be buying another VW, but that won't be a significant reason.)
People who think that the EU has been the most effective method found so far of preventing countries in Europe from going to war with each other. Just to remind you - the last time that happened pre-EU, about a quarter of a million English speakers died. Six million Yiddish speakers, several million gays and Roma, and around 50 million Russian speakers. Even the recent (and unfinished) spat in the Balkans was relatively mild.
Anyway, as an EU citizen, who contributed to the 1974 campaign in the full and confident knowledge of the "closer political ties" agenda, and to various other campaigns since, who speaks 4 EU languages with a fair degree of confidence and is slowly adding Polish to that stable, while contemplating either Chinese or Arabic as the next one to start, I heartily support the EU's self-defence agenda of making Brexit as destructive as possible for the leaving country. As, obviously the UK government does too, judging by their actions. Leaving and taking my tax revenue with me will be the last step. Obviously, I have two ways out.
Why would anyone with an option want to?
You can double-blind these things, if you think it it's worth the effort.