Actually, you should do the opposite. You gain an advantage in court when you actually give them every opportunity to figure out they have no case. You're more likely to get bigger awards in your counter claims if you respond to every letter. Then invite them over for a tour, AND schedule a specific date! Show them how you login to root on every machine and show what distro it runs. Then give them the mandatory presentation on "how to choose the best distro for your needs". Bore them to death.
It depends on whether you have any payware or not. If you are running an all-Linux shop, you're safe as long as you do respond to LEGAL communications (such as the summons when they sue you... the the fun begins where I would immediately be following that up with my own legal service of admissions, interrogatories, and discovery... and counter claims). But if you do have payware, better be sure you have licenses and receipts for everything payware.
FYI, the more you do respond explaining to them that you don't have any violations (and why), the more likely the judge will award more things to YOU when you show it in court and they fail to prove you are in violation.
And a big disaster waiting to happen with such large DC currents available on all the busses going all over the room. FYI, telco 48VDC systems addressed the dangers with resistive busses. But that was a huge efficiency loss. They didn't care so much about efficiency back then as all they wanted was a reliable battery backed up system. Making DC efficient is also making DC unsafe, at data center scale. AC is safer on that scale. Then do the conversion to DC at no larger than one rack, and put ride-through (2 minute) backup batteries in each rack (just need to be long enough for slow start generators or maybe a little longer for diversity loading systems so you don't slam the generators with load). I'd have a separate AC distribution system for the generator power and have each (two input) power converter switch over at randomized times over a 2 minute interval.
And you don't literally need, or need all of, his product, to make a very efficient AC-based data center.
I am concerned about his brief mention of cooling that seemed to be based on using a single system. There, I would want multiple redundancy at N(4)+2. The more discrete units you have, the more STABLE you can hold the temperature. The more stable the temperature, the higher temperature you can run it at. UNSTABLE temperatures cause damage to equipment as much as too high a temperature.
But 48VDC also means dual conversion. Convert the AC to 48VDC, then do the conversion again with the PSU in each chassis. You have to get both conversions to be very, very efficient to make that worthwhile.
Everything from Cisco can be had with 240VAC. Very little telco equipment these days actually requires a 48VDC power source. And most of that is for telcos, not for web site providers (for example). And where big network providers do need some 48VDC-only equipment, that can usually be put in the northeast corner of the room and limited in current.
... convert that AC to DC at a "blade rack". That would be a rack designed to take blades. But the blades would be a mix of
Processor blades (mostly)
Power conversion blades
Battery backup blades
This will safely segment the power, leaving the DC busses limited to the amperage needed for one rack... or even partial rack. It also has the flexibility of balancing power conversion vs. 1st tier power backup (at the point of use). Increasing the backup times to a couple minutes allows slow start generators, which are more reliable.
I would run 416/240 three phase everywhere in the data center (even in North America... transformers for this are readily available). Where equipment isn't on the DC system, run it on 240VLN. The AC/DC converters might run on 240VLN or 416VLL. In countries with 400/230 or 380/220, just use it that way direct.
AC is safer due to the zero crossing. Circuit breakers can break a lot more power (usually 5x the voltage) with the advantage of AC, as compared to DC. A 380VDC breaker for a rack would be HUGE, especially if it has to handle a data center level of fault current.
380VDC is still horribly unsafe without proper segmenting. And that means a lot of efficiency if you segment from a single large massive conversion system. You need to segment at the rack level. And then you end up with the double conversion scenario.
48VDC also means a rather large amount of current. A data center in many cases these days is much, much larger than a telco switching center was (aside from maybe a few trunk points for large cities). They did, in many cases, divide up the electrical systems to avoid high fault currents. But it was well know the high battery currents involved could be a disaster if there was a short, even on a branch tap into equipment.
The benefit of DC distribution was NOT efficiency. They did use resistors and in some cases very large inductors, to reduce current faults and fault rise times. That would not fly today when the objective is efficiency.
Ultimately, a data center wide DC bus is very UNSAFE, even at 340V, but way more so at 48V. Don't even think of trying that at 12V. You need to segment the power systems to keep them safe. One segment per rack or two is about the way to go (just one rack if it's 12V). Even then, we're talking a few hundred amps of usage and a few thousand amps of fault.
Yes, let's use big power supply for all computers, so they all share the same exact point of failure AND have a MASSIVE fault current when someone accidentally drops a piece of uninsulated wire across a bus bar, so we have have a couple racks of equipment meltdown and a techie vaporized to ash.
No need to waste taxpayer money with such bloat. Three instances of a Linux server with carefully configured mail server software, and offsite backups maintained over at NSA, should do the job. Hire real techies (with TSC) to maintain it.
What makes you think the standards of living are that much better. The expectations are driven higher, and people are further behind those expectations than ever before. There is a much wider gap between economic levels than ever before. As products get cheaper and cheaper, people at the lower end can afford less and less of them.
This is bullshit. The companies don't want IT people that trained themselves. They want IT people some other company trained AND have X years of experience.
In the mean time we need to work on establishing the culture of boycotting any and all commercial literature or other works that do things like this. Everyone of near childbearing age needs to make a lifelong commitment to never expose their children to any of Tolkien's works, and refuse to buy products from any company that licenses those works.
... numerous patented inventions of technology that other companies have licensed
What they really mean but won't say:... a bunch of bogus patents we did exchange licensing for licenses for other bogus patents were we going to be sued over.
If you create or add value, I think a reasonable profit is a good thing. It is not necessary to have gouging to attract people to invest in or participate in a profitable business model.
It's not THAT much power being radiated. A few thousand watts at most. 1 Joule = 1 Watt*second. 1 Joule per square centimeter. Any decent military generator can produce that. If they have to charge up capacitors, what concerns me there is how rapidly they will be drained out. They need the green model that will be endorsed by hippies everywhere.
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Actually, you should do the opposite. You gain an advantage in court when you actually give them every opportunity to figure out they have no case. You're more likely to get bigger awards in your counter claims if you respond to every letter. Then invite them over for a tour, AND schedule a specific date! Show them how you login to root on every machine and show what distro it runs. Then give them the mandatory presentation on "how to choose the best distro for your needs". Bore them to death.
He's the guy that gives the big guy money every week.
It depends on whether you have any payware or not. If you are running an all-Linux shop, you're safe as long as you do respond to LEGAL communications (such as the summons when they sue you ... the the fun begins where I would immediately be following that up with my own legal service of admissions, interrogatories, and discovery ... and counter claims). But if you do have payware, better be sure you have licenses and receipts for everything payware.
FYI, the more you do respond explaining to them that you don't have any violations (and why), the more likely the judge will award more things to YOU when you show it in court and they fail to prove you are in violation.
And don't forget to use the L word. That way they know there's nothing there any any court case will end up with money going the other way.
If a disclaimer does the job, then just include one on the copies of music/movies to make those copies worthless.
... used as economic and financial TERRORISM by big corporations.
And a big disaster waiting to happen with such large DC currents available on all the busses going all over the room. FYI, telco 48VDC systems addressed the dangers with resistive busses. But that was a huge efficiency loss. They didn't care so much about efficiency back then as all they wanted was a reliable battery backed up system. Making DC efficient is also making DC unsafe, at data center scale. AC is safer on that scale. Then do the conversion to DC at no larger than one rack, and put ride-through (2 minute) backup batteries in each rack (just need to be long enough for slow start generators or maybe a little longer for diversity loading systems so you don't slam the generators with load). I'd have a separate AC distribution system for the generator power and have each (two input) power converter switch over at randomized times over a 2 minute interval.
Are you talking about a 2nd AC input, or a separate DC input which can be supplied direct from battery?
And you don't literally need, or need all of, his product, to make a very efficient AC-based data center.
I am concerned about his brief mention of cooling that seemed to be based on using a single system. There, I would want multiple redundancy at N(4)+2. The more discrete units you have, the more STABLE you can hold the temperature. The more stable the temperature, the higher temperature you can run it at. UNSTABLE temperatures cause damage to equipment as much as too high a temperature.
But 48VDC also means dual conversion. Convert the AC to 48VDC, then do the conversion again with the PSU in each chassis. You have to get both conversions to be very, very efficient to make that worthwhile.
Everything from Cisco can be had with 240VAC. Very little telco equipment these days actually requires a 48VDC power source. And most of that is for telcos, not for web site providers (for example). And where big network providers do need some 48VDC-only equipment, that can usually be put in the northeast corner of the room and limited in current.
... convert that AC to DC at a "blade rack". That would be a rack designed to take blades. But the blades would be a mix of
This will safely segment the power, leaving the DC busses limited to the amperage needed for one rack ... or even partial rack. It also has the flexibility of balancing power conversion vs. 1st tier power backup (at the point of use). Increasing the backup times to a couple minutes allows slow start generators, which are more reliable.
I would run 416/240 three phase everywhere in the data center (even in North America ... transformers for this are readily available). Where equipment isn't on the DC system, run it on 240VLN. The AC/DC converters might run on 240VLN or 416VLL. In countries with 400/230 or 380/220, just use it that way direct.
AC is safer due to the zero crossing. Circuit breakers can break a lot more power (usually 5x the voltage) with the advantage of AC, as compared to DC. A 380VDC breaker for a rack would be HUGE, especially if it has to handle a data center level of fault current.
380VDC is still horribly unsafe without proper segmenting. And that means a lot of efficiency if you segment from a single large massive conversion system. You need to segment at the rack level. And then you end up with the double conversion scenario.
48VDC also means a rather large amount of current. A data center in many cases these days is much, much larger than a telco switching center was (aside from maybe a few trunk points for large cities). They did, in many cases, divide up the electrical systems to avoid high fault currents. But it was well know the high battery currents involved could be a disaster if there was a short, even on a branch tap into equipment.
The benefit of DC distribution was NOT efficiency. They did use resistors and in some cases very large inductors, to reduce current faults and fault rise times. That would not fly today when the objective is efficiency.
Ultimately, a data center wide DC bus is very UNSAFE, even at 340V, but way more so at 48V. Don't even think of trying that at 12V. You need to segment the power systems to keep them safe. One segment per rack or two is about the way to go (just one rack if it's 12V). Even then, we're talking a few hundred amps of usage and a few thousand amps of fault.
Agreed. But it should be 240V everywhere, 50 to 60 Hz.
Yes, let's use big power supply for all computers, so they all share the same exact point of failure AND have a MASSIVE fault current when someone accidentally drops a piece of uninsulated wire across a bus bar, so we have have a couple racks of equipment meltdown and a techie vaporized to ash.
... instead, this is the value of some big corporation's PROMISE of privacy.
No need to waste taxpayer money with such bloat. Three instances of a Linux server with carefully configured mail server software, and offsite backups maintained over at NSA, should do the job. Hire real techies (with TSC) to maintain it.
What makes you think the standards of living are that much better. The expectations are driven higher, and people are further behind those expectations than ever before. There is a much wider gap between economic levels than ever before. As products get cheaper and cheaper, people at the lower end can afford less and less of them.
This is bullshit. The companies don't want IT people that trained themselves. They want IT people some other company trained AND have X years of experience.
"The Land Shark Lair" would be my choice.
In the mean time we need to work on establishing the culture of boycotting any and all commercial literature or other works that do things like this. Everyone of near childbearing age needs to make a lifelong commitment to never expose their children to any of Tolkien's works, and refuse to buy products from any company that licenses those works.
If your goal was to make a profit ... you failed!
if your goal was to have fun fulfilling your passion ... you failed!
... numerous patented inventions of technology that other companies have licensed
What they really mean but won't say: ... a bunch of bogus patents we did exchange licensing for licenses for other bogus patents were we going to be sued over.
If you create or add value, I think a reasonable profit is a good thing. It is not necessary to have gouging to attract people to invest in or participate in a profitable business model.
It's not THAT much power being radiated. A few thousand watts at most. 1 Joule = 1 Watt*second. 1 Joule per square centimeter. Any decent military generator can produce that. If they have to charge up capacitors, what concerns me there is how rapidly they will be drained out. They need the green model that will be endorsed by hippies everywhere.
That does not bode well for its endurance over the next 16 hours.