Hell if your hypothesis were even half correct your lower classes would look more like poor african villages, but instead you have (likely) a roof over your head, food in your belly, television, a computer (clearly). Then theres the really important things: you have a sanitary environment, gifted to you by your peers through taxation systems, you have sanitary distribution networks for your food and water, and in principle access to the best medical facilities in the world. It looks to me that you are quite rich already, even if you are dirt poor.
Well, to be honest, his model might encompass even that - with the idea that we're keeping africa down with our own prosperity. But when you look at it, Africa is a drain on us, we spend far more on charity to them than they contribute. China would be a little better - but they're quickly hauling themselves up, while helping us out with cheap goods.
Yes, zero sum economics is a bad model.
Generally speaking, I'm in favor of any system that encourages as many people as possible to be as productive as possible.
Just to be pendantic, but in the USA obesity rates are far higher among the poor compared to the rich.
So being a fat slob tends to correlate with being poor more so than rich.;)
If food is in short supply, the rich fat slobs will have to use means other than money to acquire food.
I seriously doubt that our monetary system is going to collapse; perhaps high inflation. Still, that'll hurt everybody, those who don't have a penny to their name anyways the least.
If smart, honest, good hearted people rejected the rich fat slobs' parasitic advances to profit off the top of their labor, this whole mess wouldn't have started in the first place.
Except that, when you get down to nuts and bolts, the rich fulfill an important role - the custody of the nation's busness infrastructure. They're the ones that own the factory that the workers work in, the equipment in said factory acting as a multiplier on the worker's productivity. In many cases, said 'rich fat slob' worked hard, taking the risk and delaying gratification to set up said factory. Or at least his ancestors did, and if he's incompetent, it normally sorts itself out when he fritters the wealth away to new people hungry to be rich.
That's not to say that I don't think that the current system needs some reforms.
Yeah, that's a better example. I knew there were a bunch of car names that are more or less fine in english but translate into spanish poorly.
The Aztec was the one I could think of off the top of my head - I'm still like, 'Sure, let's name a car after an empire that practiced human sacrifice*'. Oh, and got them slaughtered by a raiding party/army orders of magnitude smaller than them.
Not really. Naming is actually a really big business and is usually a pretty painful process. I know someone that was a professional namer that worked for a big branding house for a while. The time they spent coming up with names was pretty incredible.
I'd believe it. You need a name that's catchy, but unique. You want to avoid sexual innuendo for most products, and if you have any desire to go international - you have to check how the name changes in meaning as you travel. Take car names - Aztec has different connotations in South America than it does in North America. And sometimes you can't get away with a simple rebadge as advertising will transfer.
I remember seeing a website way back full of unfortunate naming. This isn't it, but along the same lines.
The problem with this is if you pull out the math, turning off fluorescent lights to the point of being anal might save you $10/year, at which point they go 'it's not worth it'.
Stuff like closing doors, turning the heat/ac off in rooms you don't regularly use, etc... All can have larger effects.
Heck, I'm probably going to use a bit more electricity this year - because I'll be keeping the house a few degrees colder, saving gas, while using electricity to make up the difference in the room I'm actually in.
If I was looking into building a new house(I am, but not quite there yet), I'd probably consider installing an intelligent ducting system - people sensor in the rooms - if it activates it turns the heat/ac on for that room, or at least opens up the ducts. For maintenance reasons(home systems lose efficiency if too much of the house is shut off), keep some common areas like the kitchen, bathroom, and living room always controlled. Drop the temperature if the people sensors decide that everybody is away from home.
The small steps can sometimes get you -I knew a woman once who replaced all her lights with CFLs to save energy - then started using an electric heater.
Microsoft is regarded as a utility stock these days - in a recession, people still need computers as they aren't the luxury item they once were.
I'd argue that anybody doing this is making a mistake. Utility stocks tend to be stable because it takes some massive changes for somebody to use less water, fewer kwh, lower amounts of gas during the winter, etc...
In comparison, not paying the microsoft tax is rather easy. Simply stop buying a computer every 2 years, extend it to 3. If you're on a 3-4 year schedule, extend it a year or two.
Don't buy the vista upgrade. Consider Linux for your business.
Microsoft is about as much a utility as a car manufacturer - sure, it's tough in most areas to give up your vehicle, but nobody's preventing you from going to a different company.
WEP was flawed from the start because of some mistakes made in the implementation of encryption (I don't recall exactly what was wrong and I'm too lazy to Google it, but IIRC, they implemented RC4 incorrectly).
Oh yes, WEP was flawed. The whole 'equivalent' standard was marketing - and cost effectiveness. Especially for portable devices, computational power was limited. The flawed part is part of why it IS easier to break, especially today.
"Installing a wireless LAN may seem like putting Ethernet ports everywhere, including in your parking lot." (Cisco Systems document, "Wireless LAN Security").
I've heard that as well. It has it's good points and it's bad points.
If all you want to do is passively sniff traffic that is flowing through a wire, then it's certainly much easier for you -- all you have to do, as you state above, is insert a sniffer between a valid network host and the network jack and you're golden...but that's once you are inside my building. Fortunately, I work in a small enough company that if someone unknown starts mucking around with our network cables, someone is going to get suspicious, so even passively sniffing isn't as easy as you suggest.
While your company might be pretty good - Not all networks are locked down physically as much as yours. You mention working for a small company. Well I work for a large one. My area of responsibility is for over 3,000 users on a facility that's several dozen square miles.
I also have to worry about espionage. Do you? Our wireless solution involves encryption all the way back to the servers.
Wouldn't industrial lasers be far, far more powerful than the ones we're talking about? Plus, wouldn't any individual instance of speckle be minimized by the small footprint of any given pixel?
How hard is it to vary the phase? Given that you mention changing the phase faster than the eye can perceive, wouldn't the fact that we have a mirror moving the beam in the kilohertz sideways mean that the beam is moving faster than the eye can perceive anyways?
Technically, it IS a pico, or at least named that:
"David Pogue of New York Times has reviewed the Pico, which is a pocket projector from Optoma.
I was initially confused a bit because I remembered a pico under development a different company that used lasers to increase efficiency and reduce size.
This Pico, at most, is a generational improvement.
The laser one, as far as I know, would be a breakthrough design - a full color laser image producer? That would be a first on the market.
So it should last at LEAST 2.2 years of 24/7 operation. Assuming you haven't broken it before then, not only would you have gotten your money out of it, you should have no problem going out and buying a new one that's 3/4 the size, double the resolution and brightness*.
*Though that'd also double the wattage it needs without some major efficiency gains, so maybe not.
So most likely Optium will now command the market, and the Laser projector will suffer the same fate as Betamax/Laser disk.
Well, it might not either - DLP is later technology than LCD, but both persist, and I'd even say DLP is gaining in projector fields.
The LED device is around the size of a wallet. The laser one prototype was the size of one of those small matchboxes. Going by this website, they've gotten that down to a penny. Going by Microvision's own site, they're looking to integrate the laser technology into a cell phone. If it can be made cheap, durable, and effective enough, it'll be able to carve it's own niche easily enough.
Basically the idea is to quickly (i.e. above 30 Hz or so) vary the phase of the light over a wide area so your eye doesn't have time to perceive the speckle.
Given that we're not only combining 3 lasers, we're also left and right starting around 38k times a second, and up and down at least 60 times a second, moving it through more than 3/4 a million pixels equivalents every 1/60th of a second.
I think that varying the phase wouldn't be a big deal.
Then again, the whole thing depends on a bit of light that stays in one spot for only millionths of a second, lasting for hundredths in our perception. It might not be hanging around long enough for the sparkle to be visible.
I imagine the power costs of the DLP mirror chip to be negligible. Heck, even energy needed to black LCD cells isn't much compared to the backlight.
Not to mention that you're still throwing away, on average, over 50% of the light you're producing. While LEDs are more efficient that current generation lasers, it doesn't overcome that.
The projector I remember is both smaller(matchbox sized) and brighter.
The Pico I remember used laser diodes, not just a LED light.
The lasers allow much greater efficiency - traditional projectors, like LCD Monitors, actually use more energy to display black, because it has to activate the cells to block light.
In this case, the lasers just shut off, reducing power usage to what's actually needed to make the image, not to make a full while screen all the time.
But are wired solutions really anymore secure? I mean can't packets that go out still be captured and worked on?
Actually, unless you're doing seperate encryption, most wired connections today are less secure than wireless with proper security set.
Part of the clue is with WEP - Wired Equivalent Privacy. The idea was that, at the time, to make the wireless connection as much of a pain to get into as a wireline. IE not very difficult in most circumstances. Today, due to the march of technology, WEP IS easier to get into than a wire, but not much less either.
There are ways to sniff traffic today without breaching the wire, there's packet sniffers that can sit in the middle of a cable, etc... They just require either expensive equipment for ranged use or somebody actually getting to the wire.
So, regardless if you have a wired or wireless connection, before you start putting financial or other private information onto a network, using a secure protocol is a very good idea. HTTPS, SSH, etc...
Of course, if you want to be really secure, do something like WPA2/AES to the router, then VPN to the private network.
It's incredibly easy to lose consciousness at the altitude he was as if you are not vigilant at conserving your personal energy... In fact at 10,000 feet it's plain old stupid not to be wearing an air mask in that plane.
But was he at 10k feet? If he was looking for spots to break the land speed record, he should have been Especially seeing as how he was experienced at high altitude conditions with all his various stunts/record attempts, I find that losing conciousness due to altitude unlikely.
My personal theory is that he might of had a stroke, which can come on quicker than a heart attack and disable the pilot sooner - leaving him unable to pilot or call on the radio/activate any emergency beacon. I think a heart attack to be less likely - it's both more predictable and can often be worked through - one private pilot actually LANDED while having one.
Then again, it could have been engine related, but I figure he was a good enough pilot that he would have been able to bring the plane in more intact or at least set off some emergency notification equipment.
You know, I don't really disagree with you. A child growing up in a healthy, loving family isn't usually harmed by physical punishment; although arguably in such a family there will rarely be the need for such measures.
It still remains a tool in the box - especially for the youngest types. Sometimes a slap - to the hands or the butt is the only way to get their attention. For some children it's the best way until they get older.
[quote]If physical discipline is used on a regular basis, it is likely to be a symptom of more fundamental problems in the family - humans, like most comparable mammals, have deep instincts for protecting our young, and it takes a lot to break through those instincts.[/quote]
I'll disagree a bit here - or at least state that some mothers seem to lack any natural instints along that line. Thus the things like leaving babies in the garbage/toilet/whatever, excessive shaking, beating, etc...
But then the problem is in the way your legal system works; if justice depends on your income, it isn't justice. Aren't we supposed to be equal to the law?
I don't disagree with you. It's quite possible for the family to get a public defender, but they're often marginally competent, fairly uninterested, and overworked. The situation is still better than in many, or even most countries, but that doesn't mean that it can't be improved. My thoughts on the system and how to best optimize it is best left for another thread.
A contradiction in terms. You can't secure *.mil, at least in my understanding of the term. Never mind in technological terms just keeping track of the information. For low level mil traffic and public access, continue to use the InterTUBES.
Bastian fortress hardening - you're not looking to protect the information on it in the traditional sense, you're trying to prevent anybody from compromising the machine to either change the information on it or use it as a gateway for further hacking.
Once the VPN filters it out, I don't want to see it. The VPN node keeps such logs. Putting a 'secure' system on the Internet with only a username and password for protection, is dumb as dumb can be...
The VPN isn't, by itself, going to be filtering out phishing emails. And we've graduated from username/passwords some time ago.
Does no one there see a disconnect between these goals?
Not really; Standard military thinking. They want their guys alive and equipment intact; the enemy's troops dead and their equipment broken. In the course of that, they want all of our information unknown to the enemy, but to know all of their enemy's information. They want super-sonic stealth UAVs, but not for their enemies to have them.
In this case, consider the position of legitamcy. As the USAF is a legitimate organization in the US government, under such a system they'd enjoy greater powers by default than Joe Hacker/script kiddie. Packets coming from less secure areas will be marked as such and can be treated to greater scrutiney/restrictions.
Slashdot Mirror
Hell if your hypothesis were even half correct your lower classes would look more like poor african villages, but instead you have (likely) a roof over your head, food in your belly, television, a computer (clearly). Then theres the really important things: you have a sanitary environment, gifted to you by your peers through taxation systems, you have sanitary distribution networks for your food and water, and in principle access to the best medical facilities in the world. It looks to me that you are quite rich already, even if you are dirt poor.
Well, to be honest, his model might encompass even that - with the idea that we're keeping africa down with our own prosperity. But when you look at it, Africa is a drain on us, we spend far more on charity to them than they contribute. China would be a little better - but they're quickly hauling themselves up, while helping us out with cheap goods.
Yes, zero sum economics is a bad model.
Generally speaking, I'm in favor of any system that encourages as many people as possible to be as productive as possible.
the rich fat slobs won't be rich anymore
Just to be pendantic, but in the USA obesity rates are far higher among the poor compared to the rich.
So being a fat slob tends to correlate with being poor more so than rich. ;)
If food is in short supply, the rich fat slobs will have to use means other than money to acquire food.
I seriously doubt that our monetary system is going to collapse; perhaps high inflation. Still, that'll hurt everybody, those who don't have a penny to their name anyways the least.
If smart, honest, good hearted people rejected the rich fat slobs' parasitic advances to profit off the top of their labor, this whole mess wouldn't have started in the first place.
Except that, when you get down to nuts and bolts, the rich fulfill an important role - the custody of the nation's busness infrastructure. They're the ones that own the factory that the workers work in, the equipment in said factory acting as a multiplier on the worker's productivity. In many cases, said 'rich fat slob' worked hard, taking the risk and delaying gratification to set up said factory. Or at least his ancestors did, and if he's incompetent, it normally sorts itself out when he fritters the wealth away to new people hungry to be rich.
That's not to say that I don't think that the current system needs some reforms.
Yeah, that's a better example. I knew there were a bunch of car names that are more or less fine in english but translate into spanish poorly.
The Aztec was the one I could think of off the top of my head - I'm still like, 'Sure, let's name a car after an empire that practiced human sacrifice*'. Oh, and got them slaughtered by a raiding party/army orders of magnitude smaller than them.
*I deny any and all evidence that vikings did.
Not really. Naming is actually a really big business and is usually a pretty painful process. I know someone that was a professional namer that worked for a big branding house for a while. The time they spent coming up with names was pretty incredible.
I'd believe it. You need a name that's catchy, but unique. You want to avoid sexual innuendo for most products, and if you have any desire to go international - you have to check how the name changes in meaning as you travel. Take car names - Aztec has different connotations in South America than it does in North America. And sometimes you can't get away with a simple rebadge as advertising will transfer.
I remember seeing a website way back full of unfortunate naming. This isn't it, but along the same lines.
The problem with this is if you pull out the math, turning off fluorescent lights to the point of being anal might save you $10/year, at which point they go 'it's not worth it'.
Stuff like closing doors, turning the heat/ac off in rooms you don't regularly use, etc... All can have larger effects.
Heck, I'm probably going to use a bit more electricity this year - because I'll be keeping the house a few degrees colder, saving gas, while using electricity to make up the difference in the room I'm actually in.
If I was looking into building a new house(I am, but not quite there yet), I'd probably consider installing an intelligent ducting system - people sensor in the rooms - if it activates it turns the heat/ac on for that room, or at least opens up the ducts. For maintenance reasons(home systems lose efficiency if too much of the house is shut off), keep some common areas like the kitchen, bathroom, and living room always controlled. Drop the temperature if the people sensors decide that everybody is away from home.
The small steps can sometimes get you -I knew a woman once who replaced all her lights with CFLs to save energy - then started using an electric heater.
1 heater = 12 100 watt bulbs.
Microsoft is regarded as a utility stock these days - in a recession, people still need computers as they aren't the luxury item they once were.
I'd argue that anybody doing this is making a mistake. Utility stocks tend to be stable because it takes some massive changes for somebody to use less water, fewer kwh, lower amounts of gas during the winter, etc...
In comparison, not paying the microsoft tax is rather easy. Simply stop buying a computer every 2 years, extend it to 3. If you're on a 3-4 year schedule, extend it a year or two.
Don't buy the vista upgrade. Consider Linux for your business.
Microsoft is about as much a utility as a car manufacturer - sure, it's tough in most areas to give up your vehicle, but nobody's preventing you from going to a different company.
WEP was flawed from the start because of some mistakes made in the implementation of encryption (I don't recall exactly what was wrong and I'm too lazy to Google it, but IIRC, they implemented RC4 incorrectly).
Oh yes, WEP was flawed. The whole 'equivalent' standard was marketing - and cost effectiveness. Especially for portable devices, computational power was limited. The flawed part is part of why it IS easier to break, especially today.
"Installing a wireless LAN may seem like putting Ethernet ports everywhere, including in your parking lot." (Cisco Systems document, "Wireless LAN Security").
I've heard that as well. It has it's good points and it's bad points.
If all you want to do is passively sniff traffic that is flowing through a wire, then it's certainly much easier for you -- all you have to do, as you state above, is insert a sniffer between a valid network host and the network jack and you're golden...but that's once you are inside my building. Fortunately, I work in a small enough company that if someone unknown starts mucking around with our network cables, someone is going to get suspicious, so even passively sniffing isn't as easy as you suggest.
While your company might be pretty good - Not all networks are locked down physically as much as yours. You mention working for a small company. Well I work for a large one. My area of responsibility is for over 3,000 users on a facility that's several dozen square miles.
I also have to worry about espionage. Do you? Our wireless solution involves encryption all the way back to the servers.
Wouldn't industrial lasers be far, far more powerful than the ones we're talking about? Plus, wouldn't any individual instance of speckle be minimized by the small footprint of any given pixel?
How hard is it to vary the phase? Given that you mention changing the phase faster than the eye can perceive, wouldn't the fact that we have a mirror moving the beam in the kilohertz sideways mean that the beam is moving faster than the eye can perceive anyways?
Technically, it IS a pico, or at least named that:
"David Pogue of New York Times has reviewed the Pico, which is a pocket projector from Optoma.
I was initially confused a bit because I remembered a pico under development a different company that used lasers to increase efficiency and reduce size.
This Pico, at most, is a generational improvement.
The laser one, as far as I know, would be a breakthrough design - a full color laser image producer? That would be a first on the market.
No. WPA2/AES is faster, so that's what I'm using. With 802.11N, in the 5GHz range.
So it should last at LEAST 2.2 years of 24/7 operation. Assuming you haven't broken it before then, not only would you have gotten your money out of it, you should have no problem going out and buying a new one that's 3/4 the size, double the resolution and brightness*.
*Though that'd also double the wattage it needs without some major efficiency gains, so maybe not.
So most likely Optium will now command the market, and the Laser projector will suffer the same fate as Betamax/Laser disk.
Well, it might not either - DLP is later technology than LCD, but both persist, and I'd even say DLP is gaining in projector fields.
The LED device is around the size of a wallet. The laser one prototype was the size of one of those small matchboxes. Going by this website, they've gotten that down to a penny. Going by Microvision's own site, they're looking to integrate the laser technology into a cell phone. If it can be made cheap, durable, and effective enough, it'll be able to carve it's own niche easily enough.
Basically the idea is to quickly (i.e. above 30 Hz or so) vary the phase of the light over a wide area so your eye doesn't have time to perceive the speckle.
Given that we're not only combining 3 lasers, we're also left and right starting around 38k times a second, and up and down at least 60 times a second, moving it through more than 3/4 a million pixels equivalents every 1/60th of a second.
I think that varying the phase wouldn't be a big deal.
Then again, the whole thing depends on a bit of light that stays in one spot for only millionths of a second, lasting for hundredths in our perception. It might not be hanging around long enough for the sparkle to be visible.
Never having seen it actually in use, I couldn't say. Could be that they deliberately detune it a bit when it goes through the combiner.
After that it works a lot like a CRT monitor, constantly redrawing the screen.
I imagine the power costs of the DLP mirror chip to be negligible. Heck, even energy needed to black LCD cells isn't much compared to the backlight.
Not to mention that you're still throwing away, on average, over 50% of the light you're producing. While LEDs are more efficient that current generation lasers, it doesn't overcome that.
The projector I remember is both smaller(matchbox sized) and brighter.
The Pico I remember used laser diodes, not just a LED light.
The lasers allow much greater efficiency - traditional projectors, like LCD Monitors, actually use more energy to display black, because it has to activate the cells to block light.
In this case, the lasers just shut off, reducing power usage to what's actually needed to make the image, not to make a full while screen all the time.
That's because DSL is like switched ethernet - each subscriber has their own wires leading to the DSL connection point.
Cablemodems are where you're able to see other traffic, because it's a shared media like yea old 10Base2.
But are wired solutions really anymore secure? I mean can't packets that go out still be captured and worked on?
Actually, unless you're doing seperate encryption, most wired connections today are less secure than wireless with proper security set.
Part of the clue is with WEP - Wired Equivalent Privacy. The idea was that, at the time, to make the wireless connection as much of a pain to get into as a wireline. IE not very difficult in most circumstances. Today, due to the march of technology, WEP IS easier to get into than a wire, but not much less either.
There are ways to sniff traffic today without breaching the wire, there's packet sniffers that can sit in the middle of a cable, etc... They just require either expensive equipment for ranged use or somebody actually getting to the wire.
So, regardless if you have a wired or wireless connection, before you start putting financial or other private information onto a network, using a secure protocol is a very good idea. HTTPS, SSH, etc...
Of course, if you want to be really secure, do something like WPA2/AES to the router, then VPN to the private network.
What's also funny is that my router gives me better throughput with WPA/AES than WEP.
I've just figured that the router probably has a seperate chip to offload AES while WEP is done in the CPU, slowing stuff down.
It's incredibly easy to lose consciousness at the altitude he was as if you are not vigilant at conserving your personal energy... In fact at 10,000 feet it's plain old stupid not to be wearing an air mask in that plane.
But was he at 10k feet? If he was looking for spots to break the land speed record, he should have been Especially seeing as how he was experienced at high altitude conditions with all his various stunts/record attempts, I find that losing conciousness due to altitude unlikely.
My personal theory is that he might of had a stroke, which can come on quicker than a heart attack and disable the pilot sooner - leaving him unable to pilot or call on the radio/activate any emergency beacon. I think a heart attack to be less likely - it's both more predictable and can often be worked through - one private pilot actually LANDED while having one.
Then again, it could have been engine related, but I figure he was a good enough pilot that he would have been able to bring the plane in more intact or at least set off some emergency notification equipment.
You know, I don't really disagree with you. A child growing up in a healthy, loving family isn't usually harmed by physical punishment; although arguably in such a family there will rarely be the need for such measures.
It still remains a tool in the box - especially for the youngest types. Sometimes a slap - to the hands or the butt is the only way to get their attention. For some children it's the best way until they get older.
[quote]If physical discipline is used on a regular basis, it is likely to be a symptom of more fundamental problems in the family - humans, like most comparable mammals, have deep instincts for protecting our young, and it takes a lot to break through those instincts.[/quote]
I'll disagree a bit here - or at least state that some mothers seem to lack any natural instints along that line. Thus the things like leaving babies in the garbage/toilet/whatever, excessive shaking, beating, etc...
But then the problem is in the way your legal system works; if justice depends on your income, it isn't justice. Aren't we supposed to be equal to the law?
I don't disagree with you. It's quite possible for the family to get a public defender, but they're often marginally competent, fairly uninterested, and overworked. The situation is still better than in many, or even most countries, but that doesn't mean that it can't be improved. My thoughts on the system and how to best optimize it is best left for another thread.
I'm picturing that scene in True Lies where they rip the end of the trailer off... :)
A contradiction in terms. You can't secure *.mil, at least in my understanding of the term. Never mind in technological terms just keeping track of the information. For low level mil traffic and public access, continue to use the InterTUBES.
Bastian fortress hardening - you're not looking to protect the information on it in the traditional sense, you're trying to prevent anybody from compromising the machine to either change the information on it or use it as a gateway for further hacking.
Once the VPN filters it out, I don't want to see it. The VPN node keeps such logs. Putting a 'secure' system on the Internet with only a username and password for protection, is dumb as dumb can be ...
The VPN isn't, by itself, going to be filtering out phishing emails. And we've graduated from username/passwords some time ago.
Nah...
They generally start with the standard 'Sir, please get out of the vehicle'. If your response to that is not favorable, then stuff starts escallating.
The more impolite reactions are for more sensitive areas than a parking lot.
Does no one there see a disconnect between these goals?
Not really; Standard military thinking. They want their guys alive and equipment intact; the enemy's troops dead and their equipment broken. In the course of that, they want all of our information unknown to the enemy, but to know all of their enemy's information. They want super-sonic stealth UAVs, but not for their enemies to have them.
In this case, consider the position of legitamcy. As the USAF is a legitimate organization in the US government, under such a system they'd enjoy greater powers by default than Joe Hacker/script kiddie. Packets coming from less secure areas will be marked as such and can be treated to greater scrutiney/restrictions.