Not really. It's still well below the acute-effect threshold. Cancer, as far as we can tell, is a long-term, low-probability effect that is linear in the total amount of exposure. Being concentrated in one place over another may well influence what body parts have a higher probability of getting cancer, but in terms of total probability, concentrating the radiation in time (short exposure) or space (concentrated area) has no effect. Linear relationship means that only total dose matters.
Alpha particles are He2+ ions (that is, a pair of protons and a pair of neutrons with no electrons) and beta particles are electrons. However, neither of those penetrate matter very effectively, while gamma rays (i.e., photons) do.
No, it's not. That's a secondary effect: fads are popular, and products that are popular carry a premium. Fads aren't necessarily even products or productizable -- they're simply things that have a short-lived wave of popularity.
For another, I disagreed with you entirely until you got to "except for... Prius". I don't know the situation for other hybrids, but the Prius has been around long enough that there's no motivation to take it to the dealer for regular maintenance. Any halfway-competent mechanic can work on them now. (It's true that this wasn't always the case, and may not yet be the case for other hybrids.)
It's pretty easy to switch it so that it runs the engine to generate heat to heat the interior. That said, the newer Prius has an electric heater as well to help with that. Of course, I live in a hilly area, so being too efficient isn't a problem.
Engine runs pretty fast going up inclines, but at 70 mph up a very serious hill there's no net battery drain (it does the normal charge-discharge cycle).
Never had any trouble with snow, except that the stock Prius tires are insufficient for serious weather.
Doesn't that depend a whole lot on how much you drive?
If, on average, the usable life of a car can be measured in miles, then no, it doesn't depend on how much you drive. If the usable life of a car is measured in years, then yes, it does.
Sure, if they're some kind of engineer. In physics, patentable inventions are frequently a side effect of figuring out useful methods (but are often only useful to other people in research), but the goal is often some little piece of knowledge about how the world works.
There are three networks of temperature sensors: GISS, HadCRU, and NCDC. There is also two sets of satellite-based temperature data, RSS and UAH.
There are also multiple sets of ice core data. Vosok is the most well-known, but there is a set from Greenland (GISP) as well. There are also other, non-ice-core sets of paleoclimatic data.
The referenced paper (in TFS, that is) actually talks about variation in solar luminosity and in volcanic aerosols as the primary source of variation about the long-term trend.
Hardly. The inflation-adjusted gasoline prices are highly volatile. Just in the past 15 years there's been more than a factor of 2 variation in gas prices.
The technology being discussed only came into being 20 years ago. Monsanto hasn't single-handedly improved yields by a factor of 25 in the past 20 years.
I don't think I'd really qualify a noncontact search as "sexual abuse".
Again, they didn't address whether someone who is thought to have not paid a fine should be put in jail because that wasn't the point that was appealed.
They argue that every inmate going into general population requires a strip search, but they ignored whether it was apprpriate for this fellow to go into general population at all.
The Supreme Court rules on specific points of law, not on how they fell the overall case should have gone. Despite how it's portrayed in some news articles, they are not a catch-all "I really think I should have one this case" appeals court.
If you have a suit that claims your rights were violated because you were strip-searched upon admission to jail and you end up appealing that suit, the Supreme Court is going to rule on whether the strip search is Constitutional. If you wanted to make the claim that you were falsely arrested or unjustly imprisoned, you should have made your suit about that.
Well, I'm just talking about the X-ray backscatter machines. If in conjunction with metal detectors, they ostensibly have some nonzero security benefit. I would say that it's minimal. If replacing metal detectors, they have some security benefit, but possibly negative.
The context matters a lot. Especially if it's partly disassembled, if you have a reasonable explanation for what it is and why you have it, you can get lots of electronics through security. When you leave it on the plane, there's no way for the person who finds it to hear an explanation of what it is.
The other problem, of course, is that we don't have good data -- partly because it's hard to get and partly because details about any terrorists they've stopped is not publicly available. (I tend to side with Schneier that if the TSA had truly stopped a verifiable terrorist attack, they would be crowing about it to politicians and the public. So from silence we should assume that they've not.)
Number of people nude Xrayed or sexually groped (on their breasts or crotch) or strip-searched or locked in glass jails for carrying breast milk or
If you consider that "sexually groped" requires intent, the only one of these that has affected any large number of people is backscatter X-raying. That's not to say that they're acceptable because of this, just that you're being disingenuous by mixing something that is less offensive but more common in a list with items that are more offensive and much less common.
I hope none of those machines were malfunctioning and ejected lethal doses. They are never checked.
Minor nitpick: the verb for X-rays is "emit", not "eject". Major nitpick: they are in fact checked and the results of these checks are freely available online.
I'm not a fan of the "medical risk" complaint about backscatter X-rays. The dosage is measured and really has a negligible effect. The privacy concerns outweigh the medical concerns handily. Not being particularly modest, I think the cost-effectiveness concerns dramatically outweigh either of them -- the cost in equipment, personnel, and traveler time is enormous compared to the security benefits.
Whether something is sushi is orthogonal to whether the topping on the rice is cooked. The term describes the rice. (Hence, sashimi is not sushi.) The great majority of fish sushi is not cooked. Vegetable sushi varies. Egg (tamago) and eel (unagi) are generally cooked.
Unless you're hiding contraband somewhere that would only be revealed by a strip search, this was already possible and much easier. There are quite a few circumstances under which an officer can search you.
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The concentration matters.
Not really. It's still well below the acute-effect threshold. Cancer, as far as we can tell, is a long-term, low-probability effect that is linear in the total amount of exposure. Being concentrated in one place over another may well influence what body parts have a higher probability of getting cancer, but in terms of total probability, concentrating the radiation in time (short exposure) or space (concentrated area) has no effect. Linear relationship means that only total dose matters.
Alpha particles are He2+ ions (that is, a pair of protons and a pair of neutrons with no electrons) and beta particles are electrons. However, neither of those penetrate matter very effectively, while gamma rays (i.e., photons) do.
No, it's not. That's a secondary effect: fads are popular, and products that are popular carry a premium. Fads aren't necessarily even products or productizable -- they're simply things that have a short-lived wave of popularity.
For one, you got shafted on tires.
For another, I disagreed with you entirely until you got to "except for ... Prius". I don't know the situation for other hybrids, but the Prius has been around long enough that there's no motivation to take it to the dealer for regular maintenance. Any halfway-competent mechanic can work on them now. (It's true that this wasn't always the case, and may not yet be the case for other hybrids.)
It's pretty easy to switch it so that it runs the engine to generate heat to heat the interior. That said, the newer Prius has an electric heater as well to help with that. Of course, I live in a hilly area, so being too efficient isn't a problem.
Engine runs pretty fast going up inclines, but at 70 mph up a very serious hill there's no net battery drain (it does the normal charge-discharge cycle).
Never had any trouble with snow, except that the stock Prius tires are insufficient for serious weather.
You'd only put it that way if you were incompetent at statistics.
Doesn't that depend a whole lot on how much you drive?
If, on average, the usable life of a car can be measured in miles, then no, it doesn't depend on how much you drive. If the usable life of a car is measured in years, then yes, it does.
Most academics want their work to be used.
Sure, if they're some kind of engineer. In physics, patentable inventions are frequently a side effect of figuring out useful methods (but are often only useful to other people in research), but the goal is often some little piece of knowledge about how the world works.
There are three networks of temperature sensors: GISS, HadCRU, and NCDC. There is also two sets of satellite-based temperature data, RSS and UAH.
There are also multiple sets of ice core data. Vosok is the most well-known, but there is a set from Greenland (GISP) as well. There are also other, non-ice-core sets of paleoclimatic data.
Really? This graph of sunspot activity looks like it correlates well with temperature graphs?
The referenced paper (in TFS, that is) actually talks about variation in solar luminosity and in volcanic aerosols as the primary source of variation about the long-term trend.
Pretty good for something missing thirty years' worth of research on the lower-order effects.
Also, generally in science "rigor" is used to describe quality of methodology, not level of accuracy or standards for accuracy.
Hardly. The inflation-adjusted gasoline prices are highly volatile. Just in the past 15 years there's been more than a factor of 2 variation in gas prices.
If you have knowledge (in the form of this article) about what's going on, isn't it just "traders", then?
The technology being discussed only came into being 20 years ago. Monsanto hasn't single-handedly improved yields by a factor of 25 in the past 20 years.
Because lots of people have criticized the government in the recent past yet have obviously not disappeared.
The Supreme Court decision specifically stipulates a non-contact search.
I don't think I'd really qualify a noncontact search as "sexual abuse".
Again, they didn't address whether someone who is thought to have not paid a fine should be put in jail because that wasn't the point that was appealed.
They argue that every inmate going into general population requires a strip search, but they ignored whether it was apprpriate for this fellow to go into general population at all.
The Supreme Court rules on specific points of law, not on how they fell the overall case should have gone. Despite how it's portrayed in some news articles, they are not a catch-all "I really think I should have one this case" appeals court.
If you have a suit that claims your rights were violated because you were strip-searched upon admission to jail and you end up appealing that suit, the Supreme Court is going to rule on whether the strip search is Constitutional. If you wanted to make the claim that you were falsely arrested or unjustly imprisoned, you should have made your suit about that.
Well, I'm just talking about the X-ray backscatter machines. If in conjunction with metal detectors, they ostensibly have some nonzero security benefit. I would say that it's minimal. If replacing metal detectors, they have some security benefit, but possibly negative.
The context matters a lot. Especially if it's partly disassembled, if you have a reasonable explanation for what it is and why you have it, you can get lots of electronics through security. When you leave it on the plane, there's no way for the person who finds it to hear an explanation of what it is.
The other problem, of course, is that we don't have good data -- partly because it's hard to get and partly because details about any terrorists they've stopped is not publicly available. (I tend to side with Schneier that if the TSA had truly stopped a verifiable terrorist attack, they would be crowing about it to politicians and the public. So from silence we should assume that they've not.)
Number of people nude Xrayed or sexually groped (on their breasts or crotch) or strip-searched or locked in glass jails for carrying breast milk or
If you consider that "sexually groped" requires intent, the only one of these that has affected any large number of people is backscatter X-raying. That's not to say that they're acceptable because of this, just that you're being disingenuous by mixing something that is less offensive but more common in a list with items that are more offensive and much less common.
I hope none of those machines were malfunctioning and ejected lethal doses. They are never checked.
Minor nitpick: the verb for X-rays is "emit", not "eject". Major nitpick: they are in fact checked and the results of these checks are freely available online.
I'm not a fan of the "medical risk" complaint about backscatter X-rays. The dosage is measured and really has a negligible effect. The privacy concerns outweigh the medical concerns handily. Not being particularly modest, I think the cost-effectiveness concerns dramatically outweigh either of them -- the cost in equipment, personnel, and traveler time is enormous compared to the security benefits.
Whether something is sushi is orthogonal to whether the topping on the rice is cooked. The term describes the rice. (Hence, sashimi is not sushi.) The great majority of fish sushi is not cooked. Vegetable sushi varies. Egg (tamago) and eel (unagi) are generally cooked.
You can be arrested for anything.
You can be put in jail for said arrest.
You can be strip searched before being put in jail.
Yes, clearly the real problem in that sequence of events is the last one!
Unless you're hiding contraband somewhere that would only be revealed by a strip search, this was already possible and much easier. There are quite a few circumstances under which an officer can search you.