Well then, maybe I should promote piracy of your program then resulting in less money and therefore less time to bullshit. (because no one else has written a program that does what yours does, and I don't want to pay for one).
For example, a more recent article talks about the genome of an actinomycete fully sequenced. There have been many many antibiotics that were isolated from various organisms (the most famous was notably Alexander Fleming's overgrown moldy petri dish with zones of inhibition). Did he ever run into IP issues, patents, etc? I don't think so... Drug companies surely expect some sort of compensation for sending a Sean Connery look-alike out into the rainforest....
Furthermore the discovery of saccharin as a sweet substance was due to self-experimentation, as well as LSD by Albert Hofmann (his bosses wouldn't believe the psychedlic effects from such a low dose, they had to try it themselves).
Where is the largest repository of music, movies, warez, and porn? University networks! Same with CS servers etc. (I get a "local" ping time to many sitting on.edu networks). We see the majority of security attacks originate from college campuses. Melissa/ILOVEYOU originated from a college (albeit overseas), and nimda hit college campuses heavily because the largest and least secured netbios networks can be found on college campuses too. At the same time we also dealt with distributed fserv trojans that prefer university networks due to the high bandwidth allocations that we typically own. The minimum pipe spec'd for I2 is 155mbps, and usually you get the connection from your upstream ISP cooperating with the local I2 consortium. Same set of lines; the routing changes at the ATM or peering point. It is typically 10ms out to that, and then you either route through I1 or I2.
A good half of the hosts on p2p networks are college student dorm room machines. Any packets between.edus will preferentially route through I2, so there is actually going to be a substantial number of "those napster type progies". Hence, we have traffic shaping applied to restrict p2p traffic during day down to 1k/s.:) We use Packeteer technology to achieve this across our whole wan.
I believe we would also have evaluated this if there were higher (400x-1000x) magnifications available for cellular resolution. The quality of the pictures from the/. link seem superb at 200x, unfortunately that isn't strong enough when dealing with cells. Meanwhile I have to cope with an outdated Imascan framegrabber connected to a camera sitting on a nikon microscope - this setup costs > $1000 nowadays, more when it was purchased 6 years ago, in addition there is no linux support for this board, etc etc.
Unfortunately, the Intel scope was introduced into the toy market. Their CCDs seem to be good enough for actual production work. If they increased the magnification while keeping the quality, every biologist would probably have bought one - biology departments aren't funded too well when it comes to equipment, and an exceptionally cheap scope with high power that did the job would probably be preferred over a high end one that's over $5000.
We (uconn.edu) detected this either last year or the year before with misconfigured windows clients (typically win2k AS where someone left the DNS service running with a default configuration).
that works. However, our centralized system is THECICSLDAP authentication provided by our VM/CMS systems running on S/390. Our primary difficulty is lab logins to win2k. We want to have students (25000) able to log in to win2k workstations but authenticate to their accounts on the S/390, since every student has an S/390 account and university email there. How would LDAP running on VM/CMS interface with active directory on win2k? We surely don't want to sync 30,000 accounts on the win2k PDC.
It *would* be a support nightmare. If you used all MS components (Windows, IE, Office, Outlook, and MSN Messenger), all you need to do is call MS for support. If "Mr. Wang's funky widget"(tm) that you installed to "enhance" your browsing experience decides to overwrite MFC42.dll with one that breaks Office, what are you supposed to do now?
Remember as a govermental agency, you are supposed to assign *blame* as an excuse for lost productivity while dealing with this problem. Do you blame the IT help desk, luser, MS, or the ad-company that installed the widget?
I have seen this in network support cases. The most notorious one being AOL clients that replace tcp/ip or refuse to do DNS resolution unless you are connected to their service or some other funny things. The way AOL used to tell you how to fix it made it worse (making *us* reinstall AOL, and then fooling around with the registry to re-enable DHCP).
MS's defense is interesting because they clearly know that Govermental Agencies (e.g. the states) are a large client base but also demand higher standards of support. MS wishes to not be held liable for ripping out pieces of its OS and making things (more) unstable. For example, in Win2k and XP, you can't get rid of IE, because explorer hooks into mshtml.dll. Outlook also depends on mshtml.dll, so you'd break that too. Even though you can *disguise* the system into looking like it doesn't have IE, that is a far cry from getting rid of it completely.
Usually it is a question of time, effort, and liability. For example, at my university, residential (dorm) connections are supported by students. We have approximately 15 technicians for 6800+ people. We do tier 1 and 2 support (anything short of hardware or infrastructure issues). At the beginning of the fall semester we run approximately 200+ trouble tickets per day which goes down to approximately 0-20 by the end of the semester. At the start of spring semesters, we tend to average more, usually because of new students arriving, and old students who get new computers for xmas.
When we are heavily loaded with support calls, there are things that we would not support as readily as others, because our primary goal is to get people an IP (at the minimum) and to make sure they can use a browser. Other issues such as not being able to get netbios name resolution is usually shifted to lower priority. During these times, we follow the "treat 'em and street 'em" rule in order to keep response times to a sane level. In addition we have to go and fix people who get trojan'd or otherwise cause trouble for the network. Even though we can not swap out hardware, most issues have to deal with funky win32 tcp/ip issues. We have 1 mac expert and 1 unix tech as the population of these users are low. We spend a lot of time on win32 issues, but when and if it comes down to partial reinstalls of the tcp/ip stack or registry reconfigurations, we always must make sure that we have supported all the people with the "easy problems" first. It is easy to install drivers or configure IE to stop dialing AOL, so support must go to those people first, because again, the overall goal is to as many people working as possible in the shortest time possible. During peak demand, any client taking over 30 minutes to fix will probably be deferred because in those 30 minutes you could probably get to 5 other people with relatively simple problems (or making sure the voicemailbox stays clean). Also, any client taking over 30 minutes to fix over the phone would be getting a room visit since it is probably more effective to figure out what is going on instead of relying on the client to try to describe the problem.
If it came down to distributing anything, we'd probably distribute site-licensed NAV and a driver CD, so we could walk through people easily when installing drivers. Every brand of NIC driver disk has a different layout which makes it hard to tell people what directory to go to (win9x, NT, 2k, mac?) and what.inf to select etc.
"Why? Greed, of and by the (surprise, surprise) large telcos."
What does this have to do with the shortage of services? Commodity prices are determined by the market. Aptly put by the article, fiber is like farmer's seed. Farmers are actually subsidized by the government to not grow certain crops, because it make it harder to make money when *everyone* is growing the same thing. When it costs 20 times to actually use dark fiber compared to just laying it down, this makes it hard to make money running a fiber service. The big telcos can afford to always undersell the startup. Such is the nature of the market. And don't spew any of that "there's no competition" crap, look at how many telcos there are. If that number is more than 1, you have competition.
When prices do rise due to "shortage" then as the article predicts, those who raise prices because they do not want to use more fiber will be undersold by new companies that will find it suddenly profitable to provide comms services. The article is basically predicting that the 20:1 cost ratio of use vs. creation will decrease.
Having parents from Hong Kong, I can attest to the fact that Hong Kong denizens must carry paper ID cards at all times. This is different from a passport. Any time you were caught without ID, you were taken to the lockup and questioned. This feature was implemented by the British Government when HK was still a colony back in the 1950s. People stopped caring about the IDs in more recent decades (much like most Americans have forgotten about what the SSN is (not) supposed to be used for). This new development doesn't change much, except maybe cut down on the number of forgeries and make the system digitized. The US system still uses paper to keep track of everything.
afaik, fluorescence spectrometers measure photons delivered by excitation-decay of electrons in the sample material. Thus, you emit from the device some photons - these photons hit the sample surface, in your case probably structural materials - the materials absorb the photon, and re-emit photons at a stokes-shifted wavelength. I don't think HgI2 detector materials can be adapted to be used for measurements described in the paper, especially if it only detects a narrow spectral range (x-ray and gamma rays are orders of magnitude apart). I could be wrong though, since all of my experience comes from IR/UV fluorescence micro/spectro-scopy.
-p.c. lai undergraduate molecular & cell biology univ. of connecticut
X-ray Crystallography and Diffraction studies enables us biologists and other structural-materials scientists to resolve atomic structure in say, proteins. We can now use the interference data collection methods that we normally use for near monochromatic x-rays diffracting through our favorite protein crystals to do other nifty things.
Good for them, that's how you make money selling open-source software. GPL doesn't let you do this, because the only money you can practically make with GPL'd software is off support. At least someone is thinking about feeding their programmers...:)
Discover or Popular Mechanics or some magazine had an article on this in 1994 also, right after.mil removed the accuracy restrictions on civilian GPS receivers.
I think the conclusion is at best, obfuscated... Yes you can say that obfuscatable programs can not be/generalized/ but that doesn't not preclude obfuscation under very specific conditions. Although they formalized a counter-example to an already special case, which precludes generalization of the concept, that does not mean other specific cases do not apply.
Uh. Plaque is just a layman's term for a form of bacterial colonisation called biofilms. Biofilms damage your teeth and gums because the bacteria in those colonies secrete lactic acid. The acid dissolves the hydroxapatite that composes teeth (and bone,etc) and this causes cavities and generally inflammation of the gum (gingivitis). If there are more GMed bacteria than wild-type ones in your mouth, I don't see how that would require cleaning; if the article says it prevents cavities then why would you need to remove plaque caused by non-lactic-acid producing bacteria?
You can quote the article all you want, it doesn't mean someone didn't screw up the biology here.
Arthur C. Clarke invented this after he invented the geosynchronous satellite. He mothballed the idea because there was no feasible material to actually do this. In his book 3001, he reintroduces the space elevator. He also points out that he unmothballed the idea because of the construction of super-strong carbon nanotubes arising from the discovery of buckyballs (C60).
the x86 instruction set is CISC. However, the underlying register layout is RISC. CISC is decoded into RISC. This adds several cycles of overhead, making it slower than pure RISC architectures such as sun sparc
at the same time, many of the carcinogens are also the same compounds that cause aging. A familiar class of these compounds include free radicals and anything else that causes oxidation.
It has been shown that organisms unable to manage certain environmental toxicants (as in knockout mice that can no longer tolerate heavy metals) age more quickly, and are immunosuppressed.
Toxicants cause mutations directly in DNA, or interferes with protein assembly. The presence of toxicants also shift a cell's energy utilization since the cell must now use more energy to either remove or break down the toxicant. Many toxicants (such as heavy metals) can neither be removed nor processed. Higher energy utilization means energy production increases, and that increases oxidative stress (as in oxidation of sugars, etc.). Thus, the cell can not do its "job" correctly, because it has to deal with all the other crap being thrown at it. Finally, after age 21, you stop growing, so all the cells in your body are there to maintain homeostasis. When cells can no longer do their jobs efficiently, stuff starts breaking (as in cartilage breakdown in joints to cause arthritis, or fibroblasts can no longer maintain rigid cytoskeletons and cause wrinkles and muscle cells lose their tone; nephrons become unable to repair themselves and kidney failure results; neurons can no longer flush out incorrectly produced proteins and alzheimer's sets in).
In high school, we studied the Simpsons as an example of satire as a political commentary method in both 10th Grade English and 12th grade Advanced Placement English Lit.
Actually it is more like messy order. According to computer simulations, because space litter has almost no predicted entry into an orbit, the orbits they occupy tend to precess and scatter the debris. Because of a lack of tracking, there is no way to know if Story Musgrave's lost torque wrench hurtling through space at 30m/s is about to punch a whole through the habitation module of the ISS. At the same time, in the close vicinity (several hundred km), debris can be detected by either radar on the shuttle, the station, or instruments on various DSN trackers (such as Hubble, or LIDAR-based ISS ground trackers). The main problem is avoidance. You have to first verify the existance of an eminent collision, and then write up an orbital change maneuver plan. You must calculate the exact force you need on the exact vectors to assure that you accelerate in the right direction with the correct delta-v, at the same time considering the estimated time of possible impact with the object.
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Well then, maybe I should promote piracy of your program then resulting in less money and therefore less time to bullshit. (because no one else has written a program that does what yours does, and I don't want to pay for one).
For example, a more recent article talks about the genome of an actinomycete fully sequenced. There have been many many antibiotics that were isolated from various organisms (the most famous was notably Alexander Fleming's overgrown moldy petri dish with zones of inhibition). Did he ever run into IP issues, patents, etc? I don't think so... Drug companies surely expect some sort of compensation for sending a Sean Connery look-alike out into the rainforest....
actually, it's online too:
http://www.psychedelic-library.org/child.htm
Furthermore the discovery of saccharin as a sweet substance was due to self-experimentation, as well as LSD by Albert Hofmann (his bosses wouldn't believe the psychedlic effects from such a low dose, they had to try it themselves).
Where is the largest repository of music, movies, warez, and porn? University networks! .edu networks).
.edus will preferentially route through I2, so there is actually going to be a substantial number of "those napster type progies". Hence, we have traffic shaping applied to restrict p2p traffic during day down to 1k/s. :) We use Packeteer technology to achieve this across our whole wan.
Same with CS servers etc. (I get a "local" ping time to many sitting on
We see the majority of security attacks originate from college campuses. Melissa/ILOVEYOU originated from a college (albeit overseas), and nimda hit college campuses heavily because the largest and least secured netbios networks can be found on college campuses too. At the same time we also dealt with distributed fserv trojans that prefer university networks due to the high bandwidth allocations that we typically own. The minimum pipe spec'd for I2 is 155mbps, and usually you get the connection from your upstream ISP cooperating with the local I2 consortium. Same set of lines; the routing changes at the ATM or peering point. It is typically 10ms out to that, and then you either route through I1 or I2.
A good half of the hosts on p2p networks are college student dorm room machines. Any packets between
I believe we would also have evaluated this if there were higher (400x-1000x) magnifications available for cellular resolution. The quality of the pictures from the /. link seem superb at 200x, unfortunately that isn't strong enough when dealing with cells. Meanwhile I have to cope with an outdated Imascan framegrabber connected to a camera sitting on a nikon microscope - this setup costs > $1000 nowadays, more when it was purchased 6 years ago, in addition there is no linux support for this board, etc etc.
Unfortunately, the Intel scope was introduced into the toy market. Their CCDs seem to be good enough for actual production work. If they increased the magnification while keeping the quality, every biologist would probably have bought one - biology departments aren't funded too well when it comes to equipment, and an exceptionally cheap scope with high power that did the job would probably be preferred over a high end one that's over $5000.
We (uconn.edu) detected this either last year or the year before with misconfigured windows clients (typically win2k AS where someone left the DNS service running with a default configuration).
apparently you've never had any of your own ideas stolen from you. Most probably, none of your ideas are even worth taking.
We have a pair of S/390 here that will run OS/390 as a guest OS under VM/CMS.
that works. However, our centralized system is THECICSLDAP authentication provided by our VM/CMS systems running on S/390. Our primary difficulty is lab logins to win2k. We want to have students (25000) able to log in to win2k workstations but authenticate to their accounts on the S/390, since every student has an S/390 account and university email there. How would LDAP running on VM/CMS interface with active directory on win2k? We surely don't want to sync 30,000 accounts on the win2k PDC.
It *would* be a support nightmare.
If you used all MS components (Windows, IE, Office, Outlook, and MSN Messenger), all you need to do is call MS for support. If "Mr. Wang's funky widget"(tm) that you installed to "enhance" your browsing experience decides to overwrite MFC42.dll with one that breaks Office, what are you supposed to do now?
Remember as a govermental agency, you are supposed to assign *blame* as an excuse for lost productivity while dealing with this problem. Do you blame the IT help desk, luser, MS, or the ad-company that installed the widget?
I have seen this in network support cases. The most notorious one being AOL clients that replace tcp/ip or refuse to do DNS resolution unless you are connected to their service or some other funny things. The way AOL used to tell you how to fix it made it worse (making *us* reinstall AOL, and then fooling around with the registry to re-enable DHCP).
MS's defense is interesting because they clearly know that Govermental Agencies (e.g. the states) are a large client base but also demand higher standards of support. MS wishes to not be held liable for ripping out pieces of its OS and making things (more) unstable. For example, in Win2k and XP, you can't get rid of IE, because explorer hooks into mshtml.dll. Outlook also depends on mshtml.dll, so you'd break that too. Even though you can *disguise* the system into looking like it doesn't have IE, that is a far cry from getting rid of it completely.
Usually it is a question of time, effort, and liability. For example, at my university, residential (dorm) connections are supported by students. We have approximately 15 technicians for 6800+ people. We do tier 1 and 2 support (anything short of hardware or infrastructure issues). At the beginning of the fall semester we run approximately 200+ trouble tickets per day which goes down to approximately 0-20 by the end of the semester. At the start of spring semesters, we tend to average more, usually because of new students arriving, and old students who get new computers for xmas.
.inf to select etc.
When we are heavily loaded with support calls, there are things that we would not support as readily as others, because our primary goal is to get people an IP (at the minimum) and to make sure they can use a browser. Other issues such as not being able to get netbios name resolution is usually shifted to lower priority. During these times, we follow the "treat 'em and street 'em" rule in order to keep response times to a sane level. In addition we have to go and fix people who get trojan'd or otherwise cause trouble for the network. Even though we can not swap out hardware, most issues have to deal with funky win32 tcp/ip issues. We have 1 mac expert and 1 unix tech as the population of these users are low. We spend a lot of time on win32 issues, but when and if it comes down to partial reinstalls of the tcp/ip stack or registry reconfigurations, we always must make sure that we have supported all the people with the "easy problems" first. It is easy to install drivers or configure IE to stop dialing AOL, so support must go to those people first, because again, the overall goal is to as many people working as possible in the shortest time possible. During peak demand, any client taking over 30 minutes to fix will probably be deferred because in those 30 minutes you could probably get to 5 other people with relatively simple problems (or making sure the voicemailbox stays clean). Also, any client taking over 30 minutes to fix over the phone would be getting a room visit since it is probably more effective to figure out what is going on instead of relying on the client to try to describe the problem.
If it came down to distributing anything, we'd probably distribute site-licensed NAV and a driver CD, so we could walk through people easily when installing drivers. Every brand of NIC driver disk has a different layout which makes it hard to tell people what directory to go to (win9x, NT, 2k, mac?) and what
"Why? Greed, of and by the (surprise, surprise) large telcos."
What does this have to do with the shortage of services? Commodity prices are determined by the market. Aptly put by the article, fiber is like farmer's seed. Farmers are actually subsidized by the government to not grow certain crops, because it make it harder to make money when *everyone* is growing the same thing. When it costs 20 times to actually use dark fiber compared to just laying it down, this makes it hard to make money running a fiber service. The big telcos can afford to always undersell the startup. Such is the nature of the market. And don't spew any of that "there's no competition" crap, look at how many telcos there are. If that number is more than 1, you have competition.
When prices do rise due to "shortage" then as the article predicts, those who raise prices because they do not want to use more fiber will be undersold by new companies that will find it suddenly profitable to provide comms services. The article is basically predicting that the 20:1 cost ratio of use vs. creation will decrease.
Having parents from Hong Kong, I can attest to the fact that Hong Kong denizens must carry paper ID cards at all times. This is different from a passport. Any time you were caught without ID, you were taken to the lockup and questioned. This feature was implemented by the British Government when HK was still a colony back in the 1950s. People stopped caring about the IDs in more recent decades (much like most Americans have forgotten about what the SSN is (not) supposed to be used for). This new development doesn't change much, except maybe cut down on the number of forgeries and make the system digitized. The US system still uses paper to keep track of everything.
afaik, fluorescence spectrometers measure photons delivered by excitation-decay of electrons in the sample material. Thus, you emit from the device some photons - these photons hit the sample surface, in your case probably structural materials - the materials absorb the photon, and re-emit photons at a stokes-shifted wavelength. I don't think HgI2 detector materials can be adapted to be used for measurements described in the paper, especially if it only detects a narrow spectral range (x-ray and gamma rays are orders of magnitude apart). I could be wrong though, since all of my experience comes from IR/UV fluorescence micro/spectro-scopy.
-p.c. lai
undergraduate
molecular & cell biology
univ. of connecticut
X-ray Crystallography and Diffraction studies enables us biologists and other structural-materials scientists to resolve atomic structure in say, proteins. We can now use the interference data collection methods that we normally use for near monochromatic x-rays diffracting through our favorite protein crystals to do other nifty things.
Good for them, that's how you make money selling open-source software. GPL doesn't let you do this, because the only money you can practically make with GPL'd software is off support. At least someone is thinking about feeding their programmers... :)
Discover or Popular Mechanics or some magazine had an article on this in 1994 also, right after .mil removed the accuracy restrictions on civilian GPS receivers.
I think the conclusion is at best, obfuscated... /generalized/ but that doesn't not preclude obfuscation under very specific conditions. Although they formalized a counter-example to an already special case, which precludes generalization of the concept, that does not mean other specific cases do not apply.
Yes you can say that obfuscatable programs can not be
Uh. Plaque is just a layman's term for a form of bacterial colonisation called biofilms. Biofilms damage your teeth and gums because the bacteria in those colonies secrete lactic acid. The acid dissolves the hydroxapatite that composes teeth (and bone,etc) and this causes cavities and generally inflammation of the gum (gingivitis). If there are more GMed bacteria than wild-type ones in your mouth, I don't see how that would require cleaning; if the article says it prevents cavities then why would you need to remove plaque caused by non-lactic-acid producing bacteria?
You can quote the article all you want, it doesn't mean someone didn't screw up the biology here.
Arthur C. Clarke invented this after he invented the geosynchronous satellite. He mothballed the idea because there was no feasible material to actually do this. In his book 3001, he reintroduces the space elevator. He also points out that he unmothballed the idea because of the construction of super-strong carbon nanotubes arising from the discovery of buckyballs (C60).
the x86 instruction set is CISC. However, the underlying register layout is RISC. CISC is decoded into RISC. This adds several cycles of overhead, making it slower than pure RISC architectures such as sun sparc
at the same time, many of the carcinogens are also the same compounds that cause aging. A familiar class of these compounds include free radicals and anything else that causes oxidation.
It has been shown that organisms unable to manage certain environmental toxicants (as in knockout mice that can no longer tolerate heavy metals) age more quickly, and are immunosuppressed.
Toxicants cause mutations directly in DNA, or interferes with protein assembly. The presence of toxicants also shift a cell's energy utilization since the cell must now use more energy to either remove or break down the toxicant. Many toxicants (such as heavy metals) can neither be removed nor processed. Higher energy utilization means energy production increases, and that increases oxidative stress (as in oxidation of sugars, etc.). Thus, the cell can not do its "job" correctly, because it has to deal with all the other crap being thrown at it. Finally, after age 21, you stop growing, so all the cells in your body are there to maintain homeostasis. When cells can no longer do their jobs efficiently, stuff starts breaking (as in cartilage breakdown in joints to cause arthritis, or fibroblasts can no longer maintain rigid cytoskeletons and cause wrinkles and muscle cells lose their tone; nephrons become unable to repair themselves and kidney failure results; neurons can no longer flush out incorrectly produced proteins and alzheimer's sets in).
In high school, we studied the Simpsons as an example of satire as a political commentary method in both 10th Grade English and 12th grade Advanced Placement English Lit.
Actually it is more like messy order. According to computer simulations, because space litter has almost no predicted entry into an orbit, the orbits they occupy tend to precess and scatter the debris. Because of a lack of tracking, there is no way to know if Story Musgrave's lost torque wrench hurtling through space at 30m/s is about to punch a whole through the habitation module of the ISS. At the same time, in the close vicinity (several hundred km), debris can be detected by either radar on the shuttle, the station, or instruments on various DSN trackers (such as Hubble, or LIDAR-based ISS ground trackers). The main problem is avoidance. You have to first verify the existance of an eminent collision, and then write up an orbital change maneuver plan. You must calculate the exact force you need on the exact vectors to assure that you accelerate in the right direction with the correct delta-v, at the same time considering the estimated time of possible impact with the object.