And that's turn the lights on all the time, and crank up the heat. I might drive an extra hundred miles a week just for good measure.
Why? Because there's supposed to be a followup study. If enough of us use more energy and show that this change was a farce, maybe - just maybe - they'll stop fucking with the clocks. Sure it might cost me extra money this month, but what's an extra $40 if that money ends up as a report telling the meddling congress/senate to go stick it where the sun doesn't shine (no matter what time it is).
Well, when my wife and 2.3 kids (or is it 1.9 kids now?) get up, you can pretty much figure that all the lights in all three bedrooms are on, both bathrooms, the hall, the kitchen and the dining room. In the evening, you can drop the 500W of lights in the bedrooms and upstairs hall and swap that for the 500W in the living room, hall and foyer. (The kitchen and dining room will be on no matter how many times I turn them off - I suspect gnomes at this point). So there's really very little net effect.
Much of what I've heard revolves around "playing outside" with the extra evening daylight, leading to less lights on inside. Well, for much of the US, it's too darned cold in March to be "playing outside" each evening, and it only takes a single person in the house (say, making dinner) to flip all those lights back on. The normal high around me this time of year is about 45F. Not exactly "get out the kiddie pool and swim suits" weather.
As for your headlights, thats 110W, or a two well lit room worth of fluorescent lighting. And, hey, bonus time - you're using a 50% efficient gasoline engine to power that 110W instead of the 70% efficient power generation system with special emission scrubbers you'd have in the house. Double bonus points - those lights are just heating the neighborhood instead of taking 110W of heating load off of the furnace (which most people are still running in March).
Remember, 110W x 30 minute commute x 100M people = 5500MWh / 180kWh/gal gas / 19.5 gal/bbl * 3 weeks (5d/w) = gasoline output from 23,500 barrels of oil* burned will go to power those headlights. Now that may pale in comparison to the supposed 210,000 barrels we'll save in those same 3 weeks, but to lose 10% just for headlights makes me think the "savings" are within the accuracy band of such a calculation (anyone can tell you the savings precisely to the 10th decimal place, only a fool would tell you that anything beyond the second decimal is accurate)
*this is probably wrong, but this being/., someone esle can check my math
Well, I've got new for you. Due to the early switch, all the high school kids in my town will be standing out in the dark for the next three weeks due to the early switch.
As for traffic, there was a followup report that said that the original study was liikely flawed, and that there wouldn't necessarily be any effect. In fact, with all the folks that have to add dark-time morning travel, I suspect they're correct.
Would it really matter to your clients if you worked 7-4? That's an hour at the end of the day that you wouldn't be available, but it's also an hour at the beginning fo your day when you can get all of your admin work out of the way before your client calls, or have the answer to their 4:45 phone message when they arrive at work the next morning. Then you'd get that "extra" hour of "evening daylight" year round.
Seriously, though, before you mod me down - what you are hearing from the US is primarily the rich, white Christians who are vocal and spend their money to make sure that they are heard. They are so gosh darned certain that their "right" is the only "right" that they will do everything in their power to make it so. With the right words thrown in, you can easily catch the redneck Christians to add volume and voting power. Rednecks, in case you didn't know, are generally pooly educated and lower paid, and generally easy to incite as they feel their entire financial situation has been thrust upon them by other minorities (any minority - they're not picky). They do not realize that manual labor is no longer a middle class profession. They'd be in unions - and probably on the left - if it weren't for the "god damned jews and blacks who run those corrupt things."
So there you have it - rich whites and dumb whites. Brain and muscle. Throw in a dash of Christian superiority and a disdain for those who don't look, think, eat, and dress just like them and you have a force to be rekoned with.
Interstingly enough, the rich whites have convinced the rednecks that they are taxed to death. Never mind that the poor whites probably pay significantly less than 10% of their gross paycheck to Uncle Sam - it's just too much money (imagine how many cartons of cigarettes you could buy with that money!). No, there is a culture of fear and hate in the US, and the people in power know that it's a galvanizing flash point that brings voters to the polls. I live among these people, and it boggles my mind how little they understand of politics and how easily they are herded into breying masses.
As for the left Christians, you will find that the poor blacks, in particular, are the left's equivalent of the rednecks on the right. Again, easily stirred up, and blame their condition on the whites. (remember - I'm speaking generalities). Many of these are devout Christians, and the tradition is strong in the south (southern Baptists spring to mind). The difference is that there isn't the kind of corporate profit motive at the top that can fuel this side. The money on the right has outweighed the social pressures in the past couple of decades. Low unemployment helps - it's hard to get really jazzed about inequality when you've got a steady job. You can also grab much of the middle class black vote by pointing out that the rednecks vote Republican. This works with the Jews, too, btw. (don't get you panties in a wad, my mother's side is jewish). Nobody really wants to side with the rednecks. Heck, the rich whites only stand them because they're a given in the polling booth.
So they exist, but they're not really a force-religion-on-you political force. Most leftist Christians actually follow the "why can't we all just get along" teachings of the bible. That kind of harmony doesn't get much media play, nor does it end up starting a bunch of wars. If you have a violent person with a gun and a pacifict locked in a struggle to the death, who do you think is going to win.
I think you're right. I have the big brother of the D600 - a Precision M70. It sleeps/wakes in less than 2 seconds typically. It takes 20-30 seconds to resume from hibernation, though part of that is the fact that I've got 2GB of memory.
See, I'm going to call you on this. Everyone knows that passwords written on stickey notes don't really stick for very long. That's why you can always find those stickey notes securely taped to monitor.
If you do the math for black body radiation using the sun and earth, and appropriate view factors and the known albedo (which I cannot remember at the moment), you'll find that the equilibrium temperature is very close (within a couple K, iirc) to the average earth surface temperature.
You only work 2000 hours a year? You never do overtime? Man, I want your job.
I know a lot of grade school teachers (moms of my daughters friends) and they drop off thier kids at daycare a couple minutes before 8am, and are home before 3:30pm. There's a meeting once a week that ocassionally lasts 'til 5pm (maybe once a month). I've yet to hear them mention any work in the evening or on the weekends - and since I know the husbands, I would certainly hear. What I do hear about is the three weeks of moaning and complaining starting at the beginning of august that they will have to leave their comfy chair by the swimming pool to go to work in the fall.
Maybe it's different for secondary education. I don't have the temperment to deal with primary schoolers 6 hours a day, but if that's your thing it certainly looks to be the way to go.
It does not exist specifically to produce money for anyone, or to safeguard works against attack or misuse. The purpose of copyright is to provide the environment in which the creation of future works is more likely, as that is how it benefits the common good. Those protections normally mean that the creator is the only one who can make money off of the work, as the opportunity for monetary returns are normally held up as a positive way to spur new creation.
Also, note that the coal industry didn't creat the work, most likely. That was probably done by an ad agency, which sold the rights (probably as part of the contractual agreement to create the campaign) and was therefore already remunerated .
I think there are disturbingly few consumer or (volume) business applications which require additional process-specific (FPU, GPU) processors which don't interact with the ourside world. Heck, that's what makes computers great - connectivity. Just about any arguement that can be made for additional PU sockets could be made better by including them on a single die, save possibly thermal concerns, in which case you can add multiple smaller processors.
In my opinion, what the slots lose in path length and electrical noise they gain in flexibility. Right now, sockets are terribly limited in their range. I've got a server with a fairly common motherboard (okay, it's an OEM, but its basis is common), and the procesor slot has a whopping 50% speed increase from the slowest to fastest processor it can take. It's three years old and the fastest processor it can handle (a prescott P4-3.4) can barely get a sniff at group of processors hogging the benchmark charts.
No, unless you're just going to put extra processor slots in so we can add SMP chips as the computer ages, I'll pass.
You are correct - sockets are just a reincarnation of slots, but less flexible because you're limited to what you can put on a single chip instead of an entire card.
Perhaps the better thing to do would be better slot designs (not that we need more with all the PCI flavors floating around right now) with integrated, defined cooling channels. If you were to make the card spec with a box design rather than a flat card, you could have a non-connector end mate with a cooling trunk and use a squirrel cage (higher volume, quieter, more efficient)fan to ventilate the cards.
If you check the income tax records, you would find that she pays about 22-25% on her gross income, as do most people at her level. Kerry paid about the same (they file separately), as did GWB and Cheney. Nobody actually pays the top marginal income tax rate on their gross income. Many types of actual income are taxed at lower rated (such as capital gains rates), and tend to buffer the top rates paid.
(BTW - Edwards, back in '04 was the tax winner, paying only about 10-12% of his income in taxes. He somehow managed about $150k in deductions to take his $330k gross down quite a bit.)
(1) If he calls himself an engineer and is offering such services, it is likely that he has violated some part of the PE statutes.
(2) It has been ruled in at least one state that if you call yourself an engineer for the purpose of expert witness testimony, you must be a licensed PE in that state. It was in the midwest, I believe - it was in a recent NSPE trade rag, iirc.
It is rare to have computer engineers as PEs (They would likely take their PP exam as an EE). The reason is that the manufacturing sector has managed to get an exemption from licensure for anything they do. Typically only buildings, land planning, and power generation require PEs, which is why you see so many in those fields and nowhere else. I happened to graduate from Virginia Tech, which emphasises licensure for their students. When I was there, pass rates for the FE exam (back when everyone took the same one) were consistently in the mid-high 90s.
Personally, I think the manufacturing exemption should be eliminated. Like everything else, though, personal responsibility has been sidelined in the name of the almighty dollar.
(disclaimer - I am a PE, and I perform expert witness services along with my normal practice).
This is very similar to the argument that DRM is a win-win. From their perspective, they can offer you ten copies of their current hot movie - one for every type of player in your life - at super affordable prices ranging fron $4.95 to $24.95 depending on the application. If you only need, say, a PSP version and a DVD for the living room, you might only spend $12-13. That's a huge savings over the "full" user fee you might have to pay if you needed two for the cars, an HD version for the HT, a couple PSP versions for the kids, onefor each of the mobile phones, and a DVD copy for the bedroom TV. That might set you back over $100, but with DRM, you'll be saving over $80 - and that's money in your pocket!
Of course, that ignores the fact that a single, legitimate non-DRM's copy could be converted for personal use, which is allowed by law, from a single $15 copy off of ebay.
A typical non-competition cyclist will produce between 125 and 250 watts of power during long term sustained cycling (1/6 to 1/3 HP). Around here, cost of generation is between 2.5 and 3 cents per kilowatt-hour. Even at 8 hours per day, you're looking a getting back about a nickel's worth of energy. If you discount the wear and tear on the machine, who's going to pay for the extra food these inmates are going to need?
They do, it's called feeding back into the grid, and you get paid per kilowatt-hour. It's also not very practical unless you happen to have surplus power being generated that would othewise go to waste. Otherwise, it's a losing proposition.
Yeah, but this is different. There's no return fee proposed here. You're out the money when you buy the thing, you don't get it back when you dispose of it properly. Somebody else gets your money when they dispose of it properly, in all likelihood. Either way, the easiest thing for you to do is throw it in with the banana peels and used tissues and have them pick it up at the curb. Otherwise it means driving somewhere to get it processed - and that's more time and money from your pocket.
I'm not saying it's a good thing to pitch this stuff into the landfills, but the system isn't set up to prevent it and it actually encourages people to do the wrong thing by effectively forcing them to pay an "environmental impact fee" on the front end. If you've paid for the damage it will do, why spend more to not do the damage?
It seems like high-cost paper tracking exercise funded by a mandatory tax. The recyclers will probably be lucky to get 60c on the dollar of the fee. Unless, of course, they do give them the portion that the original retailer doesn't keep, and just raises taxes somewhere else to cover the admin fees for the project.
Government has an amazing knack for getting Green just about as ass-backwards as it could possibly be.
If I pay the tax, then drop the stuff in the trahscan to get picked up by the muni wate trucks, does that money vanish? Does it just line the pockets of the contractor that gets the disposal contract? Does it just end up the general fund?
He has to run from the law becuase he shared his work. It is perfectly legal to create a decryption system to decrypt discs you own. You just can't share it with anybody. That's the catch-22 in the fair use provisions of the DMCA - you're allowed to excecise your fair use rights and decrypt works you own (i.e. have a non-exclusive licence to), but the law forbids anyone from distributing such tools, meaning you have to develop it yourself.
Slashdot Mirror
And that's turn the lights on all the time, and crank up the heat. I might drive an extra hundred miles a week just for good measure.
Why? Because there's supposed to be a followup study. If enough of us use more energy and show that this change was a farce, maybe - just maybe - they'll stop fucking with the clocks. Sure it might cost me extra money this month, but what's an extra $40 if that money ends up as a report telling the meddling congress/senate to go stick it where the sun doesn't shine (no matter what time it is).
Yah, but "celery and a blow job" just doesn't have the same ring ;-)
Well, when my wife and 2.3 kids (or is it 1.9 kids now?) get up, you can pretty much figure that all the lights in all three bedrooms are on, both bathrooms, the hall, the kitchen and the dining room. In the evening, you can drop the 500W of lights in the bedrooms and upstairs hall and swap that for the 500W in the living room, hall and foyer. (The kitchen and dining room will be on no matter how many times I turn them off - I suspect gnomes at this point). So there's really very little net effect.
/., someone esle can check my math
Much of what I've heard revolves around "playing outside" with the extra evening daylight, leading to less lights on inside. Well, for much of the US, it's too darned cold in March to be "playing outside" each evening, and it only takes a single person in the house (say, making dinner) to flip all those lights back on. The normal high around me this time of year is about 45F. Not exactly "get out the kiddie pool and swim suits" weather.
As for your headlights, thats 110W, or a two well lit room worth of fluorescent lighting. And, hey, bonus time - you're using a 50% efficient gasoline engine to power that 110W instead of the 70% efficient power generation system with special emission scrubbers you'd have in the house. Double bonus points - those lights are just heating the neighborhood instead of taking 110W of heating load off of the furnace (which most people are still running in March).
Remember, 110W x 30 minute commute x 100M people = 5500MWh / 180kWh/gal gas / 19.5 gal/bbl * 3 weeks (5d/w) = gasoline output from 23,500 barrels of oil* burned will go to power those headlights. Now that may pale in comparison to the supposed 210,000 barrels we'll save in those same 3 weeks, but to lose 10% just for headlights makes me think the "savings" are within the accuracy band of such a calculation (anyone can tell you the savings precisely to the 10th decimal place, only a fool would tell you that anything beyond the second decimal is accurate)
*this is probably wrong, but this being
Well, I've got new for you. Due to the early switch, all the high school kids in my town will be standing out in the dark for the next three weeks due to the early switch.
As for traffic, there was a followup report that said that the original study was liikely flawed, and that there wouldn't necessarily be any effect. In fact, with all the folks that have to add dark-time morning travel, I suspect they're correct.
Would it really matter to your clients if you worked 7-4? That's an hour at the end of the day that you wouldn't be available, but it's also an hour at the beginning fo your day when you can get all of your admin work out of the way before your client calls, or have the answer to their 4:45 phone message when they arrive at work the next morning. Then you'd get that "extra" hour of "evening daylight" year round.
There is. They're black.
Seriously, though, before you mod me down - what you are hearing from the US is primarily the rich, white Christians who are vocal and spend their money to make sure that they are heard. They are so gosh darned certain that their "right" is the only "right" that they will do everything in their power to make it so. With the right words thrown in, you can easily catch the redneck Christians to add volume and voting power. Rednecks, in case you didn't know, are generally pooly educated and lower paid, and generally easy to incite as they feel their entire financial situation has been thrust upon them by other minorities (any minority - they're not picky). They do not realize that manual labor is no longer a middle class profession. They'd be in unions - and probably on the left - if it weren't for the "god damned jews and blacks who run those corrupt things."
So there you have it - rich whites and dumb whites. Brain and muscle. Throw in a dash of Christian superiority and a disdain for those who don't look, think, eat, and dress just like them and you have a force to be rekoned with.
Interstingly enough, the rich whites have convinced the rednecks that they are taxed to death. Never mind that the poor whites probably pay significantly less than 10% of their gross paycheck to Uncle Sam - it's just too much money (imagine how many cartons of cigarettes you could buy with that money!). No, there is a culture of fear and hate in the US, and the people in power know that it's a galvanizing flash point that brings voters to the polls. I live among these people, and it boggles my mind how little they understand of politics and how easily they are herded into breying masses.
As for the left Christians, you will find that the poor blacks, in particular, are the left's equivalent of the rednecks on the right. Again, easily stirred up, and blame their condition on the whites. (remember - I'm speaking generalities). Many of these are devout Christians, and the tradition is strong in the south (southern Baptists spring to mind). The difference is that there isn't the kind of corporate profit motive at the top that can fuel this side. The money on the right has outweighed the social pressures in the past couple of decades. Low unemployment helps - it's hard to get really jazzed about inequality when you've got a steady job. You can also grab much of the middle class black vote by pointing out that the rednecks vote Republican. This works with the Jews, too, btw. (don't get you panties in a wad, my mother's side is jewish). Nobody really wants to side with the rednecks. Heck, the rich whites only stand them because they're a given in the polling booth.
So they exist, but they're not really a force-religion-on-you political force. Most leftist Christians actually follow the "why can't we all just get along" teachings of the bible. That kind of harmony doesn't get much media play, nor does it end up starting a bunch of wars. If you have a violent person with a gun and a pacifict locked in a struggle to the death, who do you think is going to win.
does steak and a blowjob day get buried when talking about March 14th. Of course, that's probably because most people here won't be celebrating.
I think you're right. I have the big brother of the D600 - a Precision M70. It sleeps/wakes in less than 2 seconds typically. It takes 20-30 seconds to resume from hibernation, though part of that is the fact that I've got 2GB of memory.
See, I'm going to call you on this. Everyone knows that passwords written on stickey notes don't really stick for very long. That's why you can always find those stickey notes securely taped to monitor.
If you do the math for black body radiation using the sun and earth, and appropriate view factors and the known albedo (which I cannot remember at the moment), you'll find that the equilibrium temperature is very close (within a couple K, iirc) to the average earth surface temperature.
Radiation is cool stuff.
Delist them from the market.
If you really want to punish them, revoke their corporate status.
You only work 2000 hours a year? You never do overtime? Man, I want your job.
I know a lot of grade school teachers (moms of my daughters friends) and they drop off thier kids at daycare a couple minutes before 8am, and are home before 3:30pm. There's a meeting once a week that ocassionally lasts 'til 5pm (maybe once a month). I've yet to hear them mention any work in the evening or on the weekends - and since I know the husbands, I would certainly hear. What I do hear about is the three weeks of moaning and complaining starting at the beginning of august that they will have to leave their comfy chair by the swimming pool to go to work in the fall.
Maybe it's different for secondary education. I don't have the temperment to deal with primary schoolers 6 hours a day, but if that's your thing it certainly looks to be the way to go.
It does not exist specifically to produce money for anyone, or to safeguard works against attack or misuse. The purpose of copyright is to provide the environment in which the creation of future works is more likely, as that is how it benefits the common good. Those protections normally mean that the creator is the only one who can make money off of the work, as the opportunity for monetary returns are normally held up as a positive way to spur new creation.
Also, note that the coal industry didn't creat the work, most likely. That was probably done by an ad agency, which sold the rights (probably as part of the contractual agreement to create the campaign) and was therefore already remunerated .
I think there are disturbingly few consumer or (volume) business applications which require additional process-specific (FPU, GPU) processors which don't interact with the ourside world. Heck, that's what makes computers great - connectivity. Just about any arguement that can be made for additional PU sockets could be made better by including them on a single die, save possibly thermal concerns, in which case you can add multiple smaller processors.
In my opinion, what the slots lose in path length and electrical noise they gain in flexibility. Right now, sockets are terribly limited in their range. I've got a server with a fairly common motherboard (okay, it's an OEM, but its basis is common), and the procesor slot has a whopping 50% speed increase from the slowest to fastest processor it can take. It's three years old and the fastest processor it can handle (a prescott P4-3.4) can barely get a sniff at group of processors hogging the benchmark charts.
No, unless you're just going to put extra processor slots in so we can add SMP chips as the computer ages, I'll pass.
These will always be low bidder projects with thin margins and lousy propects. Look how well the mechanical voting machine company did.
Seriously, you can't make money on something which is (a) an expense which cannot garner any revenue and (b) which is used extremely infrequently.
You are correct - sockets are just a reincarnation of slots, but less flexible because you're limited to what you can put on a single chip instead of an entire card.
Perhaps the better thing to do would be better slot designs (not that we need more with all the PCI flavors floating around right now) with integrated, defined cooling channels. If you were to make the card spec with a box design rather than a flat card, you could have a non-connector end mate with a cooling trunk and use a squirrel cage (higher volume, quieter, more efficient)fan to ventilate the cards.
Turn down Rush...he's fogging your brain.
If you check the income tax records, you would find that she pays about 22-25% on her gross income, as do most people at her level. Kerry paid about the same (they file separately), as did GWB and Cheney. Nobody actually pays the top marginal income tax rate on their gross income. Many types of actual income are taxed at lower rated (such as capital gains rates), and tend to buffer the top rates paid.
(BTW - Edwards, back in '04 was the tax winner, paying only about 10-12% of his income in taxes. He somehow managed about $150k in deductions to take his $330k gross down quite a bit.)
I'm sure this has been pointed out but
(1) If he calls himself an engineer and is offering such services, it is likely that he has violated some part of the PE statutes.
(2) It has been ruled in at least one state that if you call yourself an engineer for the purpose of expert witness testimony, you must be a licensed PE in that state. It was in the midwest, I believe - it was in a recent NSPE trade rag, iirc.
It is rare to have computer engineers as PEs (They would likely take their PP exam as an EE). The reason is that the manufacturing sector has managed to get an exemption from licensure for anything they do. Typically only buildings, land planning, and power generation require PEs, which is why you see so many in those fields and nowhere else. I happened to graduate from Virginia Tech, which emphasises licensure for their students. When I was there, pass rates for the FE exam (back when everyone took the same one) were consistently in the mid-high 90s.
Personally, I think the manufacturing exemption should be eliminated. Like everything else, though, personal responsibility has been sidelined in the name of the almighty dollar.
(disclaimer - I am a PE, and I perform expert witness services along with my normal practice).
This is very similar to the argument that DRM is a win-win. From their perspective, they can offer you ten copies of their current hot movie - one for every type of player in your life - at super affordable prices ranging fron $4.95 to $24.95 depending on the application. If you only need, say, a PSP version and a DVD for the living room, you might only spend $12-13. That's a huge savings over the "full" user fee you might have to pay if you needed two for the cars, an HD version for the HT, a couple PSP versions for the kids, onefor each of the mobile phones, and a DVD copy for the bedroom TV. That might set you back over $100, but with DRM, you'll be saving over $80 - and that's money in your pocket!
Of course, that ignores the fact that a single, legitimate non-DRM's copy could be converted for personal use, which is allowed by law, from a single $15 copy off of ebay.
A typical non-competition cyclist will produce between 125 and 250 watts of power during long term sustained cycling (1/6 to 1/3 HP). Around here, cost of generation is between 2.5 and 3 cents per kilowatt-hour. Even at 8 hours per day, you're looking a getting back about a nickel's worth of energy. If you discount the wear and tear on the machine, who's going to pay for the extra food these inmates are going to need?
They do, it's called feeding back into the grid, and you get paid per kilowatt-hour. It's also not very practical unless you happen to have surplus power being generated that would othewise go to waste. Otherwise, it's a losing proposition.
Yeah, but this is different. There's no return fee proposed here. You're out the money when you buy the thing, you don't get it back when you dispose of it properly. Somebody else gets your money when they dispose of it properly, in all likelihood. Either way, the easiest thing for you to do is throw it in with the banana peels and used tissues and have them pick it up at the curb. Otherwise it means driving somewhere to get it processed - and that's more time and money from your pocket.
I'm not saying it's a good thing to pitch this stuff into the landfills, but the system isn't set up to prevent it and it actually encourages people to do the wrong thing by effectively forcing them to pay an "environmental impact fee" on the front end. If you've paid for the damage it will do, why spend more to not do the damage?
It seems like high-cost paper tracking exercise funded by a mandatory tax. The recyclers will probably be lucky to get 60c on the dollar of the fee. Unless, of course, they do give them the portion that the original retailer doesn't keep, and just raises taxes somewhere else to cover the admin fees for the project.
Government has an amazing knack for getting Green just about as ass-backwards as it could possibly be.
If I pay the tax, then drop the stuff in the trahscan to get picked up by the muni wate trucks, does that money vanish? Does it just line the pockets of the contractor that gets the disposal contract? Does it just end up the general fund?
You spelled "MONEY" incorrectly
He has to run from the law becuase he shared his work. It is perfectly legal to create a decryption system to decrypt discs you own. You just can't share it with anybody. That's the catch-22 in the fair use provisions of the DMCA - you're allowed to excecise your fair use rights and decrypt works you own (i.e. have a non-exclusive licence to), but the law forbids anyone from distributing such tools, meaning you have to develop it yourself.