Is this an argument for the abolishment of threaded programming?
Absolutely. It's by no means a conclusive argument, but it's one of the primary reasons to avoid excessive use of threads.
The problem with GCH is that it failed to allow for the cases where the program structure is really better expressed via goto (the ever-popular state machine example, for instance). It's basically sound, but there are times when gotos are the right answer.
Same with threads; 95% of the time they're the wrong construct (used usually because some extremely common platforms (Win32 and JAVA) don't have better constructs), but the other 5% of the time they really do make thinks simpler and express what the program flow is supposed to look like.
Also, it is NEVER up to the accused to prove innocence, in a legal sense (in the U.S., excluding military trials)
That's not true. There are plenty of affirmative defenses in the U.S. legal system (ie, it is up to the accused to prove innocence). Self-defense, mental illness, and necessity are the most common, but there are many others varying widely by state.
In most cases, the defendant stipulates the normally illegal action and must prove the affirmative defense.
This is not legal advice--if you want legal advice, consult a lawyer.
The standard for arrest is probable cause, not proof beyond a reasonable doubt. "More likely that you did it than the other 6 billion people on the planet" is an acceptable working definition of probable cause.
No it isn't. e.g. if my roommate is found murdered, it's more likely that I killed him than one of the random 6 billion people who _don't_ live with him, but that's pretty damned far from being sufficient cause to get an arrest warrant.
Probable cause is not just a greater possibility that someone could have committed a crime--e.g Lectlaw says "The test the court of appeals employs to determine whether probable cause existed for purposes of arrest is whether facts and circumstances within the officer's knowledge are sufficient to warrant a prudent person to believe a suspect has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime."
PS: I apologise for calling you an audiophile. That was going too far. I didn't mean to be rude or snappy, though I notice how I came across that way. I have a real sore spot for misinformation re: audio because I truly *hate* audiophiles.
I don't think you understand what an audiophile is--it's simply someone who loves quality sound playback.
I'm an audiophile. I'm also strongly in favor of double-blind testing for equipment, and I laugh at $100/ft monster cable and green felt-tip pen lines on CDs and similar nonsense. I think my opinions are basically the majority opinions among audiophiles (though obviously there's an outspoken set of nutjobs who assert that everything from those green pens to putting peanut shells behind the stereo equipment improves the sound quality audibly, and many of them use pseudoscientific jargon both to hype those claims and explain why for some reason a DBT doesn't capture "musicality" or whatever else.).
a quick and dirty solution will bring in money for the company, and a correct (ie, properly documented, well engineered, process followed, etc)
Documentation and processes are there for a reason. If they're getting in the way instead of making software better, you need to get them changed. The ultimate goal of a software developer is to make working software, and often the best way to do that is NOT to over-engineer and follow ivory-tower software engineering theories. At the same time you don't want to hack together an unmaintainable monstrosity.
But you really need to welcome changing requirements and keep the overhead of processes to the minimum needed to keep development going in the near- and far-term. ("Agile processes promote sustainable development. The sponsors, developers, and users should be able to maintain a constant pace indefinitely.").
Check out e.g. www.agilemanifesto.org. Above all, remember that "working software is the primary measure of progress."
...the tiny bubbles in beer has enhanced my enjoyment of sports the most. That's nitrogen push technology, used in most pub ales and cream stouts (Caffrey's, Guiness, Murphy's, Old Speckled Hen, etc). Other beers use carbon dioxide, which gives substantially larger bubbles.
Recently the draught bottle has allowed Guiness to sell bottled draught rather than the very dissimilar bottled Extra Stout.
Put Major Taylor, the top racer at the turn of the century (and the best Black bike racer ever), on any new racing bike. Put Lance on any racing bike built in the last 40 years.
Nit: Lance Armstrong was the top racer at the turn of the century.;-)
Same with running. You can't tell me that records are being broken because of better shoes.
Why not? Steve Prefontaine's coach designed special shoes for him to run in, and he did pretty well. The coach went on to found quite a successful shoe company called Nike, and designed advanced all-weather track surfaces.
The athletes are great, but at the levels they're running at the tiny differences in equipment _can_ be the difference in breaking records.
I play semi-pro foosball at big tournaments ($50,000+). Hollow-core rods adopted in the early 1980s allowed people who aren't weightlifters to compete at the highest levels, but took away some rod strength--the biggest change in the last year has been the new carbon-alloy bars; on the old rods, top players would have them permanently bowed after a couple games, making timing-sensitive shots much more difficult. You can practically do pullups on the new ones.
Some alternative tables (Shelti) are experimenting with a Teflon-like coating on the rods that slide true even if they haven't been recently siliconed.
Advances in grip technology from the tennis market have carried over; the newer overgrips are very tacky yet still absorbent enough to stay dry and thin enough to give good control.
The last big change was the composite ball replacing the plastic ball (in the mid/late 80s), which allowed for truer rolls (no warping of balls mid-game) and more ball control (textured grippiness of the ball). The switch to heavier balls prevented a lot of off-the-table situations. The french tables use a completeley different cork ball, but it's now resin-injected so it doesn't get crushed out of true so quickly (and it's yellow for better visibility).
The french tables also have telescoping rods to prevent injury (no rod extends out the far side of the table). The american tables have counterweighted men, which helps in the singles game considerably.
At the other end of the spectrum, Jupiter is just now looking at new designs to replace their wooden men.:-/
But, even though it takes a lot of skill to win and leaves you physically exhausted, it's not a sport.
If DVD audio really takes off, I'd be willing to bet you'll see either new (or re-issued) "concept albums" that will only have one "track" and force the listener to sit through the whole thing.
And why, exactly, can't you make a CD with one track?
Seriously. And it's nothing new, LPs pulled the same thing. I know Jethro Tull's "A Passion Play" and "Thick as a Brick" CDs only have 2 tracks each. Side one of the record is one track on the CD, side two is the other track--both records were #1 sellers in the US, too.
Heh heh... data would take about 300 hops to get from my apartment in Brooklyn to a server in NYC going wireless to wireless. Where's the routing info going to come from in such a flat space? A huge 200GB routing table on each WAP?
No, you use some sort of GRID routing algorithm. Google for "GRID routing ad-hoc" and you'll get hits including a PPT overview from MIT titled "Grid: Scalable Ad Hoc Networking"
This is a pretty well-studied field, really, though there's not clear favorite algorithm.
I will, however, provide this link to bwtzip an experimental compressor covered by the GNU General Public License that uses the Burrows-Wheeler transformation
bzip2 (included in most Linux distributions and well past the experimental phase) also uses a Burrows-Wheeler transform (with Huffman coding).
bzip (not 2) used BW with arithmetic coding but was withdrawn because of potential patent problems with that combination (the bzip ari coding wasn't LZW and no concrete patent on bzip's ari coding was known, but there are enough different patents on various ari coding implementations that changing to Huffman was thought prudent).
A lot of compilers do tricks to make code faster. Not many do things to explicitly make code smaller.
Actually, it's common to have compiler switches to optimize for either space or performance, and even feature-specific switches
And a lot of the time smaller _is_ faster--getting more into icache saves costly trips to RAM. This is becoming more and more true with modern processors, though there are still obvious space/time tradeoffs in many cases.
Since this is is really only useful when debugging the code, something a user doesn't do that often and certainly shouldn't be done on a production box strip will remove it for you.
A production box probably does want debug info--when things start going awry there you want to track them down _fast_. Attaching a debugger to the misbehaving app can save tons of downtime.
Ideally you wouldn't have any bugs on the production machine, but in the real world...
> First zip, no compression. Or use another uncompressed archive (e.g. tar)...
> Second zip, zip the first zip....and then compress it (e.g. with gzip)
> Can be significantly smaller than > compressing on the first zip.
Yes. That's why a.tar.gz is usually smaller than a.zip of the same files (modulo speed flags, etc) even though they use essentially the same compression algorithm.
You do lose something, though; a.zip is indexed so you can easily extract individual files without decompressing the whole archive. Whether that matters depends on the circumstances (in something like a.jar file you probably want fast access to individual files).
Sorry, I should have been more specific. I was talking exclusively about the tech sector.
Okay. The original statement was:
Isn't this the "crippled American economy" where the job market is so thin, people are taking twice the hours at half the pay?
In the computer field, pay is up 11% since 2000 (15% since 1999) and hours worked are down over 4% since 2000 (same since 1999). Again, all statistics come from http://www.bls.gov (the Bureau of Labor Statistics).
Isn't this the "crippled American economy" where the job market is so thin, people are taking twice the hours at half the pay?
No. For starters, number of hours worked has declined over the past 4 years (down to 33.7 hours/week in 2003 from 34.5 hours/week in 1999 according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics). Salaries have increased in that time (not much when inflation-adjusted, but some).
Unemployment is only around 6.1%, a level considered extremely low until the most recent economic boom. During the 1980s the government actively took steps to stop unemployment from getting below the 7% level as it was believed that would trigger massive recessions and spiralling unemployment, and only briefly did it get as low as 6%--it was often over 9% even during the 1980s economic boom. From 1991-1994 the rate was substantially higher than 6%, peaking near 8%.
By Q4 of 2001 the 2001 recession had ended and the GDP began to grow (e.g. the GDP grew by 1.4% in Q4 of 2002 and 1.9% in Q1 of 2003).
The US economy isn't in great shape but it's still growing slowly--the 70s, 80s, and 90s all had substantially worse periods than what we've seen to date. Hopefully we don't see one of those.
No, it's not false arrest, as they are not arresting you. Holding you against your will in the manner described is kidnapping. If they are refusing to allow you to leave, bring them up on felony charges
I am not a lawyer. This is not legal advice.
False arrest is unlawful restraint of a person's liberty without legal authority. The details vary from state to state but in most of the US false arrest charges could be applicable. False arrest is generally a civil matter, meaning you can sue yourself.
Kidnapping is a felony. You can't bring up felony charges yourself, only the DA can bring criminal charges. Moreover, most places kidnapping means more than just restraining the ability to leave; a typical definition is "Kidnapping is forcibly or fraudulently and deceitfully, and without authority, imprisoning, seizing, detaining, or inveigling away any person (other than his minor child), with intent to cause the person to be secreted against his will, or sent out of the State against his will, or sold or held as a slave or for ransom. "
Federal kidnapping charges require interstate motion or other special circumstances (kidnap of foreign or gov't officials, international kidnap of minors, kidnapping on federal property, etc)
You'd need to convince the DA that they were holding you as a slave and that it was worth their time and money to bring the charges.
False imprisonment is also a possible charge. False imprisonment statutes vary but in California it's a civil issue that can also be brought as a criminal matter.
Again, I am not a lawyer--consult a lawyer for legal advice.
So what happens when, for instance, your shopping list is computerised and will give you an exact price for 'n' items, just by pointing your control at the item?
Then I'll still need to figure out how many nails I need for this project, or how many pizzas to order for the kids' soccer team, or similar. I use multiplication _all the time_ just thinking about things, it really is a basic skill.
I agree wholeheartedly that writing cursive is obsolete, but multiplication? Come on.
everyone replying that a signature is cursive needs to take a look at most signatures. Pretty far from cursive, I would say
Indeed, I've been mocked on many occasions because my signature is just my name written in cursive. I didn't find out until way too late that that's not how most people actually do it.:-/
Realistically, why is knowledge of basic multiplication essential?
Because normal people run into problems all the time that require. I'm buying 6 yogurts, $.45 a piece, can I afford it? Sure, if you're multiplying large numbers you'll usually whip out a calculator. But I know I multiply things in my head all the time.
Cursive, on the other hand, I use only for my signature.
Where I grew up (in Brunswick, Maine) we got 4 channels until 1989, then it went to 5 where it remains. NBC, ABC, CBS, PBS and since 1989 Fox. No WB or UPN or QVC or anything. That doesn't seem to be uncommon for towns that aren't near enough to cities to pick up their broadcasts. In 1991 cable TV was first offered at my house (it was available much earlier downtown). The town has a population around 25,000, with Bowdoin College, a Navy base, etc. It's not a huge city but it's no Mayberry either.
Anyway, it's neither a majority nor a tiny set of people who rely on broadcast TV--23% of television owning families had neither satellite nor cable as of 2002 (basically unchanged since 2001--down about.2%).
The courts held that if there had been nothing added to the work, Dastar might not be able to claim it as their work--but since they had added nontrivial original material they were free to call it their own.
Similar to if you wrote an adaptation of Hamlet to the modern day, or wrote your own ending for the Mystery of Edwin Drood--add your own original material and you're free to claim it as yours.
That said, academia DEFINITELY has stronger protections on crediting sources than the law requires. That makes sense both from a standpoint of due credit (often a noncommercial researcher views credit as their primary payment for a job well done) and from an academic standpoint (interested readers can then go read the original sources and learn more about the subject or evaluation your interpretations of those sources).
Slashdot Mirror
vnc can detach/reattach like screen. Pretty cool when needed, but a lot of the time screen is a better option (depends on what you're doing)
Is this an argument for the abolishment of threaded programming?
Absolutely. It's by no means a conclusive argument, but it's one of the primary reasons to avoid excessive use of threads.
The problem with GCH is that it failed to allow for the cases where the program structure is really better expressed via goto (the ever-popular state machine example, for instance). It's basically sound, but there are times when gotos are the right answer.
Same with threads; 95% of the time they're the wrong construct (used usually because some extremely common platforms (Win32 and JAVA) don't have better constructs), but the other 5% of the time they really do make thinks simpler and express what the program flow is supposed to look like.
Sumner
Also, it is NEVER up to the accused to prove innocence, in a legal sense (in the U.S., excluding military trials)
That's not true. There are plenty of affirmative defenses in the U.S. legal system (ie, it is up to the accused to prove innocence). Self-defense, mental illness, and necessity are the most common, but there are many others varying widely by state.
In most cases, the defendant stipulates the normally illegal action and must prove the affirmative defense.
This is not legal advice--if you want legal advice, consult a lawyer.
Sumner
The standard for arrest is probable cause, not proof beyond a reasonable doubt. "More likely that you did it than the other 6 billion people on the planet" is an acceptable working definition of probable cause.
No it isn't. e.g. if my roommate is found murdered, it's more likely that I killed him than one of the random 6 billion people who _don't_ live with him, but that's pretty damned far from being sufficient cause to get an arrest warrant.
Probable cause is not just a greater possibility that someone could have committed a crime--e.g Lectlaw says "The test the court of appeals employs to determine whether probable cause existed for purposes of arrest is whether facts and circumstances within the officer's knowledge are sufficient to warrant a prudent person to believe a suspect has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime."
http://www.lectlaw.com/def2/p089.htm
Sumner
PS: I apologise for calling you an audiophile. That was going too far. I didn't mean to be rude or snappy, though I notice how I came across that way. I have a real sore spot for misinformation re: audio because I truly *hate* audiophiles.
I don't think you understand what an audiophile is--it's simply someone who loves quality sound playback.
I'm an audiophile. I'm also strongly in favor of double-blind testing for equipment, and I laugh at $100/ft monster cable and green felt-tip pen lines on CDs and similar nonsense. I think my opinions are basically the majority opinions among audiophiles (though obviously there's an outspoken set of nutjobs who assert that everything from those green pens to putting peanut shells behind the stereo equipment improves the sound quality audibly, and many of them use pseudoscientific jargon both to hype those claims and explain why for some reason a DBT doesn't capture "musicality" or whatever else.).
Sumner
a quick and dirty solution will bring in money for the company, and a correct (ie, properly documented, well engineered, process followed, etc)
Documentation and processes are there for a reason. If they're getting in the way instead of making software better, you need to get them changed. The ultimate goal of a software developer is to make working software, and often the best way to do that is NOT to over-engineer and follow ivory-tower software engineering theories. At the same time you don't want to hack together an unmaintainable monstrosity.
But you really need to welcome changing requirements and keep the overhead of processes to the minimum needed to keep development going in the near- and far-term. ("Agile processes promote sustainable development. The sponsors, developers, and users should be able to maintain a constant pace indefinitely.").
Check out e.g. www.agilemanifesto.org. Above all, remember that "working software is the primary measure of progress."
Sumner
...the tiny bubbles in beer has enhanced my enjoyment of sports the most.
That's nitrogen push technology, used in most pub ales and cream stouts (Caffrey's, Guiness, Murphy's, Old Speckled Hen, etc). Other beers use carbon dioxide, which gives substantially larger bubbles.
Recently the draught bottle has allowed Guiness to sell bottled draught rather than the very dissimilar bottled Extra Stout.
Sumner
Put Major Taylor, the top racer at the turn of the century (and the best Black bike racer ever), on any new racing bike. Put Lance on any racing bike built in the last 40 years.
;-)
Nit: Lance Armstrong was the top racer at the turn of the century.
Same with running. You can't tell me that records are being broken because of better shoes.
Why not? Steve Prefontaine's coach designed special shoes for him to run in, and he did pretty well. The coach went on to found quite a successful shoe company called Nike, and designed advanced all-weather track surfaces.
The athletes are great, but at the levels they're running at the tiny differences in equipment _can_ be the difference in breaking records.
Sumner
my sport is bowling
:-/
Pretty loose definition of sport here.....
I play semi-pro foosball at big tournaments ($50,000+). Hollow-core rods adopted in the early 1980s allowed people who aren't weightlifters to compete at the highest levels, but took away some rod strength--the biggest change in the last year has been the new carbon-alloy bars; on the old rods, top players would have them permanently bowed after a couple games, making timing-sensitive shots much more difficult. You can practically do pullups on the new ones.
Some alternative tables (Shelti) are experimenting with a Teflon-like coating on the rods that slide true even if they haven't been recently siliconed.
Advances in grip technology from the tennis market have carried over; the newer overgrips are very tacky yet still absorbent enough to stay dry and thin enough to give good control.
The last big change was the composite ball replacing the plastic ball (in the mid/late 80s), which allowed for truer rolls (no warping of balls mid-game) and more ball control (textured grippiness of the ball). The switch to heavier balls prevented a lot of off-the-table situations. The french tables use a completeley different cork ball, but it's now resin-injected so it doesn't get crushed out of true so quickly (and it's yellow for better visibility).
The french tables also have telescoping rods to prevent injury (no rod extends out the far side of the table). The american tables have counterweighted men, which helps in the singles game considerably.
At the other end of the spectrum, Jupiter is just now looking at new designs to replace their wooden men.
But, even though it takes a lot of skill to win and leaves you physically exhausted, it's not a sport.
SH
And why, exactly, can't you make a CD with one track?
Seriously. And it's nothing new, LPs pulled the same thing. I know Jethro Tull's "A Passion Play" and "Thick as a Brick" CDs only have 2 tracks each. Side one of the record is one track on the CD, side two is the other track--both records were #1 sellers in the US, too.
Sumner
I happen to sell Rolls Royce ignition keys for 300,000 dollars. That may sound like a lot, but I throw in a free Rolls Royce with every purchase.
I do the same for Bentlies as well, but the price for an ignition key is starts at $600,000
That's backwards you know? Bentley is the more mainstream, cheaper marque (and is no longer owned by or affiliated with Rolls-Royce).
Sumner
Somehow, your packets have to get from point A to point B. There have to be some machines that know the points C, D, E, and F that fit in between.
A lot of people are working on ad-hoc routing. Google for "GRID routing ad-hoc" for instance.
Heh heh... data would take about 300 hops to get from my apartment in Brooklyn to a server in NYC going wireless to wireless. Where's the routing info going to come from in such a flat space? A huge 200GB routing table on each WAP?
No, you use some sort of GRID routing algorithm. Google for "GRID routing ad-hoc" and you'll get hits including a PPT overview from MIT titled "Grid: Scalable Ad Hoc Networking"
This is a pretty well-studied field, really, though there's not clear favorite algorithm.
Sumner
I will, however, provide this link to bwtzip an experimental compressor covered by the GNU General Public License that uses the Burrows-Wheeler transformation
bzip2 (included in most Linux distributions and well past the experimental phase) also uses a Burrows-Wheeler transform (with Huffman coding).
bzip (not 2) used BW with arithmetic coding but was withdrawn because of potential patent problems with that combination (the bzip ari coding wasn't LZW and no concrete patent on bzip's ari coding was known, but there are enough different patents on various ari coding implementations that changing to Huffman was thought prudent).
Sumner
A lot of compilers do tricks to make code faster. Not many do things to explicitly make code smaller.
Actually, it's common to have compiler switches to optimize for either space or performance, and even feature-specific switches
And a lot of the time smaller _is_ faster--getting more into icache saves costly trips to RAM. This is becoming more and more true with modern processors, though there are still obvious space/time tradeoffs in many cases.
Sumner
Since this is is really only useful when debugging the code, something a user doesn't do that often and certainly shouldn't be done on a production box strip will remove it for you.
A production box probably does want debug info--when things start going awry there you want to track them down _fast_. Attaching a debugger to the misbehaving app can save tons of downtime.
Ideally you wouldn't have any bugs on the production machine, but in the real world...
Sumner
> Another stunt with multiple files.
...and then compress it (e.g. with gzip)
.tar.gz is usually smaller than a .zip of the same files (modulo speed flags, etc) even though they use essentially the same compression algorithm.
.zip is indexed so you can easily extract individual files without decompressing the whole archive. Whether that matters depends on the circumstances (in something like a .jar file you probably want fast access to individual files).
> First zip, no compression.
Or use another uncompressed archive (e.g. tar)...
> Second zip, zip the first zip.
> Can be significantly smaller than
> compressing on the first zip.
Yes. That's why a
You do lose something, though; a
Sumner
Sorry, I should have been more specific. I was talking exclusively about the tech sector.
Okay. The original statement was:
Isn't this the "crippled American economy" where the job market is so thin, people are taking twice the hours at half the pay?
In the computer field, pay is up 11% since 2000 (15% since 1999) and hours worked are down over 4% since 2000 (same since 1999). Again, all statistics come from http://www.bls.gov (the Bureau of Labor Statistics).
Sumner
Isn't this the "crippled American economy" where the job market is so thin, people are taking twice the hours at half the pay?
No. For starters, number of hours worked has declined over the past 4 years (down to 33.7 hours/week in 2003 from 34.5 hours/week in 1999 according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics). Salaries have increased in that time (not much when inflation-adjusted, but some).
Unemployment is only around 6.1%, a level considered extremely low until the most recent economic boom. During the 1980s the government actively took steps to stop unemployment from getting below the 7% level as it was believed that would trigger massive recessions and spiralling unemployment, and only briefly did it get as low as 6%--it was often over 9% even during the 1980s economic boom. From 1991-1994 the rate was substantially higher than 6%, peaking near 8%.
By Q4 of 2001 the 2001 recession had ended and the GDP began to grow (e.g. the GDP grew by 1.4% in Q4 of 2002 and 1.9% in Q1 of 2003).
The US economy isn't in great shape but it's still growing slowly--the 70s, 80s, and 90s all had substantially worse periods than what we've seen to date. Hopefully we don't see one of those.
Sumner
No, it's not false arrest, as they are not arresting you. Holding you against your will in the manner described is kidnapping. If they are refusing to allow you to leave, bring them up on felony charges
I am not a lawyer. This is not legal advice.
False arrest is unlawful restraint of a person's liberty without legal authority. The details vary from state to state but in most of the US false arrest charges could be applicable. False arrest is generally a civil matter, meaning you can sue yourself.
Kidnapping is a felony. You can't bring up felony charges yourself, only the DA can bring criminal charges. Moreover, most places kidnapping means more than just restraining the ability to leave; a typical definition is "Kidnapping is forcibly or fraudulently and deceitfully, and without authority, imprisoning, seizing, detaining, or inveigling away any person (other than his minor child), with intent to cause the person to be secreted against his will, or sent out of the State against his will, or sold or held as a slave or for ransom. "
Federal kidnapping charges require interstate motion or other special circumstances (kidnap of foreign or gov't officials, international kidnap of minors, kidnapping on federal property, etc)
You'd need to convince the DA that they were holding you as a slave and that it was worth their time and money to bring the charges.
False imprisonment is also a possible charge. False imprisonment statutes vary but in California it's a civil issue that can also be brought as a criminal matter.
Again, I am not a lawyer--consult a lawyer for legal advice.
Sumner
So what happens when, for instance, your shopping list is computerised and will give you an exact price for 'n' items, just by pointing your control at the item?
Then I'll still need to figure out how many nails I need for this project, or how many pizzas to order for the kids' soccer team, or similar. I use multiplication _all the time_ just thinking about things, it really is a basic skill.
I agree wholeheartedly that writing cursive is obsolete, but multiplication? Come on.
Sumner
everyone replying that a signature is cursive needs to take a look at most signatures. Pretty far from cursive, I would say
:-/
Indeed, I've been mocked on many occasions because my signature is just my name written in cursive. I didn't find out until way too late that that's not how most people actually do it.
Sumner
Realistically, why is knowledge of basic multiplication essential?
Because normal people run into problems all the time that require. I'm buying 6 yogurts, $.45 a piece, can I afford it? Sure, if you're multiplying large numbers you'll usually whip out a calculator. But I know I multiply things in my head all the time.
Cursive, on the other hand, I use only for my signature.
Sumner
Where I grew up (in Brunswick, Maine) we got 4 channels until 1989, then it went to 5 where it remains. NBC, ABC, CBS, PBS and since 1989 Fox. No WB or UPN or QVC or anything. That doesn't seem to be uncommon for towns that aren't near enough to cities to pick up their broadcasts. In 1991 cable TV was first offered at my house (it was available much earlier downtown). The town has a population around 25,000, with Bowdoin College, a Navy base, etc. It's not a huge city but it's no Mayberry either.
.2%).
Anyway, it's neither a majority nor a tiny set of people who rely on broadcast TV--23% of television owning families had neither satellite nor cable as of 2002 (basically unchanged since 2001--down about
Sumner
Did you read the decision?
The courts held that if there had been nothing added to the work, Dastar might not be able to claim it as their work--but since they had added nontrivial original material they were free to call it their own.
Similar to if you wrote an adaptation of Hamlet to the modern day, or wrote your own ending for the Mystery of Edwin Drood--add your own original material and you're free to claim it as yours.
That said, academia DEFINITELY has stronger protections on crediting sources than the law requires. That makes sense both from a standpoint of due credit (often a noncommercial researcher views credit as their primary payment for a job well done) and from an academic standpoint (interested readers can then go read the original sources and learn more about the subject or evaluation your interpretations of those sources).
Sumner