Let's take measles as an example. Measles is so contagious that in order for herd immunity to be effective, at least 95% of the population needs to be immune. Now consider that the measles vaccine currently in use is 98% effective. So what percentage of the population needs to be given the vaccine in order to get to that 95% immune level? If you do the math, at least 97% of the population needs to be given the vaccine. Now consider that there are some people who should NOT receive the measles vaccine due to legitimate medical conditions such as severe allergic reaction to neomycin, compromised immune system, etc. The best thing for those people is to be covered via herd immunity and they can legitimately be part of the 3% of the population who do not need to receive the vaccine. And these anti-vaccine idiots effectively eliminate the effectiveness of herd immunity. To illustrate. A 2015 study indicates that for the measles vaccine, 9% of the American population believe it should not be given to their children.... 9% people. Now contemplate that 9% and see if there's some way using the above figures to get the immune population up to 95%.
Reactions CaCO3 ==> CaO + CO2 CaO + H2O ==> Ca(OH)2 Ca(OH)2 + CO2 ==> CaCO3 + H2O
So for each molecule of cement you make, you do produce 1 molecule of carbon dioxide. Then to use the cement, you add a molecule of water. And then over time, the result reacts with carbon dioxide (removing the carbon dioxide that was released when the lime was made) and releases a molecule of water.
The only non-neutral production of CO2 from making cement is that from whatever source of energy you use to heat up the calcium carbonate to produce the lime.
Doing a bit of research, it looks like 60% of the carbon dioxide released is from the chemical reaction and 40% from the heat used to drive the reaction. Since the 60% from the reaction will be reabsorbed by the cement, we can ignore it. So the actual amount of CO2 due to cement production isn't the 8% the article mentions, but something closer to 3.2%.
Looked at the document and this heading near the beginning caught my attention.
"The public and the private sector have obligations and responsibilities under human rights law to proactively prevent discrimination. When prevention is not sufficient or satisfactory, discrimination should be mitigated."
That second sentence needs a bit of translation. To my way of thinking, clearer wording would be:
"If the non discrimination results doesn't result in our preconceived belief of what should happen, then we need to discriminate in favor of whatever our preconceived beliefs are. Reality doesn't matter, only the results we want."
Some years back I had a very nice laptop computer with a screen resolution of 1920x1200. But technology advances and I eventually needed to replace that laptop. So I started searching for something with the same or better screen resolution. And discovered that they simply did not exist anymore and the best that could be obtained at a reasonable price was 1920x1080. WTF!?!?! Only thing I could imagine was economies of scale and that all too many laptop manufacturers think that the only thing people use their laptops for was watching videos and actual productivity use was non-existent. And with that mindset, It becomes easy to imagine those brain dead idiots purchasing lots of 1920x1080 panels since "that's the resolution used for hi def video and no one needs anything more than that. Besides, they're cheaper."
I really miss the vertical space for dealing with text.
Having a generator join the grid is already hard enough...
Having a generator join the grid is actually quite simple. Let me describe how it was done originally, and the modern technique simply automates the process.
In the old day, the generator being connected had one electrical connection to the grid and the second connection was left open. Between the open connection and the phase on the grid that it was going to be connected to, they had a simple light bulb connected. Then the operator would start the generator. The light bulb would start to flash, going from full on to full off with the frequency of the flashing decreasing as the generator's speed got closer to the frequency of the grid. When the bulb was blinking slowly enough, the operator would wait until the bulb was off and then throw the switch connecting the generator to the grid. There would be a loud BANG was the newly connected generator was suddenly forced to synchronize phase by the few degrees it was off and from that point the generator was in sync with the grid. Today, the process is effectively identical with the light bulb being replaced by digital voltmeters with the voltage difference between the generator and the grid being measured instead and the switching is done automatically. But the overall process is the same. First, get the generator to be connected running at close to the same frequency as the grid to be attached to, then when the generator and grid are at the same phase, perform the connection between the grid and generator.
but the name is fairly revealing. And as typical, the media over states its capability. quantum key distribution (QKD) - Strongly implies that the network will be used for distributing cryptographic keys. Which makes sense since the bandwidth is likely to rather limited. And that means that the actual messages using those keys are subject to possible decryption. But still a very impressive accomplishment.
I just did and there's plenty of non smart TVs out there with the specs you're interested in. But as many have already stated, it doesn't matter. Just don't hook up your smart TV to the internet and you're golden.
I would be really really worried if they had a requirement that your new password not being too similar to the previous 4 passwords. Reason is quite simple, in order to do that, they would need to actually store your previous passwords such that the plain text is retrievable. Not just the salted hashes of your previous passwords. But then again, I have see a system that actually did store your password in plain text... IBM VM/CMS. The "directory" that assigned mini-disks to each account and the account passwords was in plain text, including logon passwords. Rather scary when you think about it.
I could easily imagine a system that does this... 1. Maintain the hash of the previous N passwords (say N > 5) 2. Require all the BS rules of number of character classes, length, etc. 3. Require that the new password have a Levenshtein distance > X from your previous password (With X being a significant fraction of the password length and it would know your previous password since you'd need to enter it to verify your identity before setting your new password).
But frankly, it would still be weaker than simply allowing the user to enter an arbitrary length password and hashing it. Hell, just assume every character entered has 2 bits of entropy and require the user password to have at least 60 bits of entropy minimum. Don't bother with requiring a mixture of upper and lower case, digits, and special characters. And the smart ones will simply pick a few random words and type 'em in.
With a conventional elevator, you're correct about the "it reserves an entire shaft" concept. That's inherent with presence of either the cable, or hydraulic cylinder. Why would that limitation exist with a maglev elevator? There's no need for one elevator car per shaft. I think 4 shafts would work nicely: Up, Down, Ready, Waiting. And only the Ready shaft has a door accessible to the public. You press the call button and the usual case is the door will open immediately since there's already a car waiting there. After you select your floor, that car moves a short distance towards either the Up or Down shaft and proceeds on your journey. Meanwhile, a nearby car in the Waiting shaft starts its own journey to replace the car you just took. As your car approaches your destination, the car already there starts its own journey to a Waiting Shaft slot to make room for your car.
I'd be interested in knowing where you found that 30ms figure. But it does imply that Oneweb is planning a ground station approximately every 1500 miles. That in turn implies about 32 planned ground stations.
Actually, they're also thinking of homes. And lower latency is better than higher. Their use cases include aircraft (business, commercial, and military), health centers, schools, libraries, and homes. Their intent is to provide internet access anywhere in the world and allow for the use of any application that uses the internet. And there are applications where low latency is required. Otherwise they could simply launch 4 satellites in a Draim constellation and be done with it.
Definitely multiple per launch. They way I would do it is launch as many as possible up to 40 (total number of satellites in a single plane) into either a slightly higher, or slightly lower orbit than the final desired operational orbit. Then each satellite waits until it reaches a designated location and then performs a hohmann transfer into the desired slot for each satellite. If the rocket can carry more than 40, then have it drop off a cluster of 40 satellites, perform a plane change maneuver, drop off another 40, and so on until the limits of the rocket is reached. The mass of each satellite according to public documentation is between 175 kg to 200 kg. The Falcon 9 Full Thrust can loft up to 22,800 kg to LEO. Assuming the 200 kg mass per satellite, and assuming that the Falcon 9 is capable of performing the plane change while in orbit, I could see one fully populating 2 orbital planes with the satellites per launch for a total number of 9 launches required. At 62 million dollars per launch, that comes to a tidy 558 million to launch all 720 satellites. And assuming the half million per satellite construction cost is achievable that makes the total cost for those satellites and their launch, 918 million. If the Falcon 9 can't do the plane change maneuver, then the number of launches is doubled, raising the total cost to 1476 million. But mentioning the Falcon 9 is pure speculation since Oneweb has contracted with Arianespace for 12 multi-satellite launches using Soyuz, Virgin Galactic with 39 single-satellite launches, and has options for 3 more launches using the Ariane 6.
Orbit is 750 miles up. Sending a packet to and from a satellite takes a round trip of 1500 miles... And then you need to receive a response from whomever you sent the initial packet to. Another 1500 miles. Total round trip distance? 3000 miles or 16ms overhead. Of course, that doesn't include any lateral distance to the actual ground station you're using. Although "ground station" may be a bit of an over statement. I could easily see a modified "user terminal" connected to a ground based high speed internet. Also, more ground stations is of benefit both to the users and to the company. Users benefit because of lower latency. The company benefits because less of the available satellite bandwidth is being used on inter-satellite cross communication routing user packets to/from the ground station.
Minor correction. I forgot to include the return path from the ground station. So the latency, depending upon relative locations of the user and ground station, is 16 to 175 milliseconds.
Oneweb is not using the "individually hand crafted" model for the their satellites, they're using a lower standard of "medical grade equipment". This makes sense given the large number of satellites they intend on using. The cost per satellite (not counting the launch costs) is estimated to be about $500,000 each. So the cost for 720 of them is $360,000,000. Of course, the actual cost will be higher since all those satellites need to launched into orbit.
They intend on using 18 orbital planes at an altitude of approximately 1200 km (750 miles). Doing the math for a 3000 mile round trip at the speed of light gives me 16 milliseconds. Of course, the actual latency will be higher since that 16 ms latency is just the trip to and from the satellites. You also need to add in the distance between both the satellite you connect to and the one that the ground station connects to. Worse case would be the ground station being on the opposite side of the world, in which case the total round trip latency from the user to the ground station would be 96 ms.So in summary, depending upon the relative locations of the user and the ground station the user connects to, the latency added by the satellites is between 16 and 96 milliseconds.
I'd replace a programming language with more of an interview system.
Basically, you'd tell the computer what problem or task you wish it to do. If it knew how to perform the task, then your job is complete. If it doesn't know, it would ask you to break the problem down into smaller sub tasks. You do so and for each sub task that the computer knows how to solve, it would do so. And for each sub task that it didn't know, it would recursively ask how to solve those sub tasks. As for a library, the computer would remember every task that it had been taught previously.
There would still be programmers, but their job wouldn't be using any specific language, but instead describing how to solve problems or perform tasks.
The OP was interpreting "Providers used to pay 0.53 per cent of their revenues" as meaning. Providers need to pay $0.53 for every cent that they earn. That's technically correct given the above sentence... Methinks there's an extra space that should not be in the original sentence.....
You gotta remember that you're dealing with idiots who tremble at even a hint of an idea that radiation is near them. In fact, there's a little device in your car (assuming it's powered by gasoline) where it's name was determined due to the fear of radiation. The "catalytic converter" has that name because of idiots who fear the concept of radiation. The correct proper name for that device is "catalytic reactor". But the word reactor is used in nuclear reactors so "obviously" a "catalytic reactor" is dangerously radioactive and should never ever be placed in a car because it might spread radiation all over the place and don't even think about what would happen in an accident. Because of that fear, engineers call that little device a "catalytic converter" because that doesn't have the dangerous radiation inducing effects that the word "reactor" has.
Remember your audience and compensate for their ignorance and/or stupidity.
FBI -> Gave URL of fake article to suspect. Suspect -> Clicked on URL. Web server hosting fake article logged IP address of requester , then sent article to suspect using the IP that was just logged.
Note: ANY WEB SERVER WOULD HAVE DONE THE EXACT SAME THING. The FBI agent could have sent the URL of a real news article and on the log of that web server, the suspect's IP address would have been recorded. However, there would also have been a lot of other IP addresses recorded as well from other people who also looked at the news article rendering the issue into a needle in a pile needles search. The advantage of the fake article is that the only person who would request that article would be the suspect since the general public would have been unaware of the article and the URL to said article. No malware involved. Just a normal everyday web server with an URL known only to the FBI and given to the suspect. Suspect tricked into accessing the page and thereby giving his IP address to the FBI. They could have even make it so the web page didn't exist and having a 404 error sent back to the suspect. It would have had the exact same effect, but might have made the suspect cautious or aware that something unusual was going on.
I would suggest you take a look at what the police actually do. The military uses the word "Police" in the following fashion. "Go police the area." in normal plain english, that means "Go to the area and pick up all the trash and generally clean the area up" and if you really think about it, that's also what the police do. They DON'T prevent crime. They clean up the area after a crime has been committed and if they're lucky, manage to apprehend the criminal. If you want to be protected, that is on you. NOT THE POLICE.
Slashdot Mirror
Let's take measles as an example. Measles is so contagious that in order for herd immunity to be effective, at least 95% of the population needs to be immune. Now consider that the measles vaccine currently in use is 98% effective. So what percentage of the population needs to be given the vaccine in order to get to that 95% immune level? If you do the math, at least 97% of the population needs to be given the vaccine. Now consider that there are some people who should NOT receive the measles vaccine due to legitimate medical conditions such as severe allergic reaction to neomycin, compromised immune system, etc. The best thing for those people is to be covered via herd immunity and they can legitimately be part of the 3% of the population who do not need to receive the vaccine. And these anti-vaccine idiots effectively eliminate the effectiveness of herd immunity. To illustrate. A 2015 study indicates that for the measles vaccine, 9% of the American population believe it should not be given to their children.... 9% people. Now contemplate that 9% and see if there's some way using the above figures to get the immune population up to 95%.
Because the cement itself is carbon neutral.
Reactions
CaCO3 ==> CaO + CO2
CaO + H2O ==> Ca(OH)2
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 ==> CaCO3 + H2O
So for each molecule of cement you make, you do produce 1 molecule of carbon dioxide. Then to use the cement, you add a molecule of water. And then over time, the result reacts with carbon dioxide (removing the carbon dioxide that was released when the lime was made) and releases a molecule of water.
The only non-neutral production of CO2 from making cement is that from whatever source of energy you use to heat up the calcium carbonate to produce the lime.
Doing a bit of research, it looks like 60% of the carbon dioxide released is from the chemical reaction and 40% from the heat used to drive the reaction. Since the 60% from the reaction will be reabsorbed by the cement, we can ignore it. So the actual amount of CO2 due to cement production isn't the 8% the article mentions, but something closer to 3.2%.
Looked at the document and this heading near the beginning caught my attention.
"The public and the private sector have obligations and responsibilities under human rights law to proactively prevent discrimination. When prevention is not sufficient or satisfactory, discrimination should be mitigated."
That second sentence needs a bit of translation. To my way of thinking, clearer wording would be:
"If the non discrimination results doesn't result in our preconceived belief of what should happen, then we need to discriminate in favor of whatever our preconceived beliefs are. Reality doesn't matter, only the results we want."
Some years back I had a very nice laptop computer with a screen resolution of 1920x1200. But technology advances and I eventually needed to replace that laptop. So I started searching for something with the same or better screen resolution. And discovered that they simply did not exist anymore and the best that could be obtained at a reasonable price was 1920x1080. WTF!?!?! Only thing I could imagine was economies of scale and that all too many laptop manufacturers think that the only thing people use their laptops for was watching videos and actual productivity use was non-existent. And with that mindset, It becomes easy to imagine those brain dead idiots purchasing lots of 1920x1080 panels since "that's the resolution used for hi def video and no one needs anything more than that. Besides, they're cheaper."
I really miss the vertical space for dealing with text.
Having a generator join the grid is already hard enough ...
Having a generator join the grid is actually quite simple. Let me describe how it was done originally, and the modern technique simply automates the process.
In the old day, the generator being connected had one electrical connection to the grid and the second connection was left open. Between the open connection and the phase on the grid that it was going to be connected to, they had a simple light bulb connected. Then the operator would start the generator. The light bulb would start to flash, going from full on to full off with the frequency of the flashing decreasing as the generator's speed got closer to the frequency of the grid. When the bulb was blinking slowly enough, the operator would wait until the bulb was off and then throw the switch connecting the generator to the grid. There would be a loud BANG was the newly connected generator was suddenly forced to synchronize phase by the few degrees it was off and from that point the generator was in sync with the grid. Today, the process is effectively identical with the light bulb being replaced by digital voltmeters with the voltage difference between the generator and the grid being measured instead and the switching is done automatically. But the overall process is the same. First, get the generator to be connected running at close to the same frequency as the grid to be attached to, then when the generator and grid are at the same phase, perform the connection between the grid and generator.
but the name is fairly revealing. And as typical, the media over states its capability.
quantum key distribution (QKD) - Strongly implies that the network will be used for distributing cryptographic keys. Which makes sense since the bandwidth is likely to rather limited. And that means that the actual messages using those keys are subject to possible decryption. But still a very impressive accomplishment.
I just did and there's plenty of non smart TVs out there with the specs you're interested in. But as many have already stated, it doesn't matter. Just don't hook up your smart TV to the internet and you're golden.
I would be really really worried if they had a requirement that your new password not being too similar to the previous 4 passwords. Reason is quite simple, in order to do that, they would need to actually store your previous passwords such that the plain text is retrievable. Not just the salted hashes of your previous passwords. But then again, I have see a system that actually did store your password in plain text ... IBM VM/CMS. The "directory" that assigned mini-disks to each account and the account passwords was in plain text, including logon passwords. Rather scary when you think about it.
I could easily imagine a system that does this...
1. Maintain the hash of the previous N passwords (say N > 5)
2. Require all the BS rules of number of character classes, length, etc.
3. Require that the new password have a Levenshtein distance > X from your previous password (With X being a significant fraction of the password length and it would know your previous password since you'd need to enter it to verify your identity before setting your new password).
But frankly, it would still be weaker than simply allowing the user to enter an arbitrary length password and hashing it. Hell, just assume every character entered has 2 bits of entropy and require the user password to have at least 60 bits of entropy minimum. Don't bother with requiring a mixture of upper and lower case, digits, and special characters. And the smart ones will simply pick a few random words and type 'em in.
Those who require passwords really ought to take a look at it.
https://xkcd.com/936/
Then someone ought to tell Elon that his "World Record Battery" is gonna have a rather short stint at the top of the list.
See https://www.greentechmedia.com...
Quick summary, due to be completely installed by January 1, 2021.
Able to supply 100 megawatts for 4 hours (400 megawatt hour capacity).
So Mr Musk's "3 times larger than the next largest battery" is soon gonna be "One third the size of the world's largest battery"
With a conventional elevator, you're correct about the "it reserves an entire shaft" concept. That's inherent with presence of either the cable, or hydraulic cylinder. Why would that limitation exist with a maglev elevator? There's no need for one elevator car per shaft. I think 4 shafts would work nicely: Up, Down, Ready, Waiting. And only the Ready shaft has a door accessible to the public. You press the call button and the usual case is the door will open immediately since there's already a car waiting there. After you select your floor, that car moves a short distance towards either the Up or Down shaft and proceeds on your journey. Meanwhile, a nearby car in the Waiting shaft starts its own journey to replace the car you just took. As your car approaches your destination, the car already there starts its own journey to a Waiting Shaft slot to make room for your car.
I'd be interested in knowing where you found that 30ms figure. But it does imply that Oneweb is planning a ground station approximately every 1500 miles. That in turn implies about 32 planned ground stations.
The antennas used by the users will be a small phased array (approx 36 cm by 16 cm).
Actually, they're also thinking of homes. And lower latency is better than higher. Their use cases include aircraft (business, commercial, and military), health centers, schools, libraries, and homes. Their intent is to provide internet access anywhere in the world and allow for the use of any application that uses the internet. And there are applications where low latency is required. Otherwise they could simply launch 4 satellites in a Draim constellation and be done with it.
Definitely multiple per launch. They way I would do it is launch as many as possible up to 40 (total number of satellites in a single plane) into either a slightly higher, or slightly lower orbit than the final desired operational orbit. Then each satellite waits until it reaches a designated location and then performs a hohmann transfer into the desired slot for each satellite. If the rocket can carry more than 40, then have it drop off a cluster of 40 satellites, perform a plane change maneuver, drop off another 40, and so on until the limits of the rocket is reached. The mass of each satellite according to public documentation is between 175 kg to 200 kg. The Falcon 9 Full Thrust can loft up to 22,800 kg to LEO. Assuming the 200 kg mass per satellite, and assuming that the Falcon 9 is capable of performing the plane change while in orbit, I could see one fully populating 2 orbital planes with the satellites per launch for a total number of 9 launches required. At 62 million dollars per launch, that comes to a tidy 558 million to launch all 720 satellites. And assuming the half million per satellite construction cost is achievable that makes the total cost for those satellites and their launch, 918 million. If the Falcon 9 can't do the plane change maneuver, then the number of launches is doubled, raising the total cost to 1476 million. But mentioning the Falcon 9 is pure speculation since Oneweb has contracted with Arianespace for 12 multi-satellite launches using Soyuz, Virgin Galactic with 39 single-satellite launches, and has options for 3 more launches using the Ariane 6.
Orbit is 750 miles up. Sending a packet to and from a satellite takes a round trip of 1500 miles... And then you need to receive a response from whomever you sent the initial packet to. Another 1500 miles. Total round trip distance? 3000 miles or 16ms overhead. Of course, that doesn't include any lateral distance to the actual ground station you're using. Although "ground station" may be a bit of an over statement. I could easily see a modified "user terminal" connected to a ground based high speed internet. Also, more ground stations is of benefit both to the users and to the company. Users benefit because of lower latency. The company benefits because less of the available satellite bandwidth is being used on inter-satellite cross communication routing user packets to/from the ground station.
Minor correction. I forgot to include the return path from the ground station. So the latency, depending upon relative locations of the user and ground station, is 16 to 175 milliseconds.
Oneweb is not using the "individually hand crafted" model for the their satellites, they're using a lower standard of "medical grade equipment". This makes sense given the large number of satellites they intend on using. The cost per satellite (not counting the launch costs) is estimated to be about $500,000 each. So the cost for 720 of them is $360,000,000. Of course, the actual cost will be higher since all those satellites need to launched into orbit.
They intend on using 18 orbital planes at an altitude of approximately 1200 km (750 miles). Doing the math for a 3000 mile round trip at the speed of light gives me 16 milliseconds. Of course, the actual latency will be higher since that 16 ms latency is just the trip to and from the satellites. You also need to add in the distance between both the satellite you connect to and the one that the ground station connects to. Worse case would be the ground station being on the opposite side of the world, in which case the total round trip latency from the user to the ground station would be 96 ms.So in summary, depending upon the relative locations of the user and the ground station the user connects to, the latency added by the satellites is between 16 and 96 milliseconds.
I'd replace a programming language with more of an interview system.
Basically, you'd tell the computer what problem or task you wish it to do. If it knew how to perform the task, then your job is complete. If it doesn't know, it would ask you to break the problem down into smaller sub tasks. You do so and for each sub task that the computer knows how to solve, it would do so. And for each sub task that it didn't know, it would recursively ask how to solve those sub tasks. As for a library, the computer would remember every task that it had been taught previously.
There would still be programmers, but their job wouldn't be using any specific language, but instead describing how to solve problems or perform tasks.
WHOOSH!
The OP was interpreting "Providers used to pay 0.53 per cent of their revenues" as meaning.
Providers need to pay $0.53 for every cent that they earn. That's technically correct given the above sentence... Methinks there's an extra space that should not be in the original sentence.....
You gotta remember that you're dealing with idiots who tremble at even a hint of an idea that radiation is near them. In fact, there's a little device in your car (assuming it's powered by gasoline) where it's name was determined due to the fear of radiation. The "catalytic converter" has that name because of idiots who fear the concept of radiation. The correct proper name for that device is "catalytic reactor". But the word reactor is used in nuclear reactors so "obviously" a "catalytic reactor" is dangerously radioactive and should never ever be placed in a car because it might spread radiation all over the place and don't even think about what would happen in an accident. Because of that fear, engineers call that little device a "catalytic converter" because that doesn't have the dangerous radiation inducing effects that the word "reactor" has.
Remember your audience and compensate for their ignorance and/or stupidity.
It's pretty obvious that you don't understand.
FBI -> Gave URL of fake article to suspect.
Suspect -> Clicked on URL.
Web server hosting fake article logged IP address of requester , then sent article to suspect using the IP that was just logged.
Note: ANY WEB SERVER WOULD HAVE DONE THE EXACT SAME THING. The FBI agent could have sent the URL of a real news article and on the log of that web server, the suspect's IP address would have been recorded. However, there would also have been a lot of other IP addresses recorded as well from other people who also looked at the news article rendering the issue into a needle in a pile needles search. The advantage of the fake article is that the only person who would request that article would be the suspect since the general public would have been unaware of the article and the URL to said article. No malware involved. Just a normal everyday web server with an URL known only to the FBI and given to the suspect. Suspect tricked into accessing the page and thereby giving his IP address to the FBI. They could have even make it so the web page didn't exist and having a 404 error sent back to the suspect. It would have had the exact same effect, but might have made the suspect cautious or aware that something unusual was going on.
I would suggest you take a look at what the police actually do. The military uses the word "Police" in the following fashion. "Go police the area." in normal plain english, that means "Go to the area and pick up all the trash and generally clean the area up" and if you really think about it, that's also what the police do. They DON'T prevent crime. They clean up the area after a crime has been committed and if they're lucky, manage to apprehend the criminal. If you want to be protected, that is on you. NOT THE POLICE.