The term comes from an election (in Chicago?) where the mayor (Gerry) came up with a set of fixed boundaries, one of which was in the shape of a salamander (lizard). Hence gerymander.
You are concluding two incidents.. the infamous chicago election of robert j. daley as mayor (dad of the current mayor) and a 19th century incident involving a redistricting in Massachusetts by a Governor named Gerry. The offending district looked like a "salamander".. hence the term Gerrymander.
This Scientific American article shows a general technique for this kind of a problem:
http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=0003D47 6-1852-1EB7-BDC0809EC588EEDF
IBM Almaden has a group that works on privacy-preserving data management.
Intelligent Information Systems Research research group.
(Note that Srikant Ramakrishnan of the group was awarded the 2002 Grace Murray Hopper award on association rules and data mining.
How are these sensors powered? From reading the article I would assume that they draw there power from a central battery of sorts.
And why would you want a sensor network in your bedroom? I am thinking they are something like a bunch of small video cameras... No?
In fact, you've hit on the central issue in sensor networks. These sensors normally have a battery on board. Often times the battery is bigger than the rest of the mote. The most expensive operation in terms of battery usage is communication. So it becomes vitally important to design protocols that minimize communication.
The amount of power used to send a single byte to a 100 yards is roughly the same as that used for about 1000 instructions.
AFAIK they do nothing should be interpreted to mean "they do nothing to fix the machine". Instead they just unplug the machine and *toss* it into the junk bin.
BTW, many of Google's machines aren't high-end stuff. They are often cheap low quality boxes with memory that fails easily.
There was also an IBM internal version of AIX that ran on x86. It was never shipped, and was discontinued after first done (like so many other IBM software projects !)
Well, actually, Interactive UNIX was a SCO competitor from way back. The OS part of Interactive was merged with Sun in the early 90s. The main reason for wanting Interactive was for the driver library, as the core of Solaris x86 was no doubt pretty much pure Solaris.
When I was a full-time IBM'r (still am an employee) I remember a lunch-time conversation on the purported existence of an AIX version for the x86.. never worked out.
Actually this is not new. This is called "Advanced Chess". There was an Advanced Chess tournament held a couple years back and all the Super GMs (> 2700 rating) competed. I believe that Vishy Anand won it.
Basically however it left people kinda cold.
Let me also be a karma whore:
http://www.chessbase.com/events/events.asp?pid=133
Call it an irrational belief if you will.
Or perhaps because I met and talked with the researchers.
Of course, I have no illusions on the honesty and integrity of big corporations. However, I do have faith in the integrity of individual researchers.
Heh.. seriously.
Back in November 1996 the IBM Research guys exhibited DeepBlue at the IBM CasCon conference in Toronto. They had the program play a "top Canadian GM" and it dutifully defeated him.
It was an exhibit in the demo section and anybody could play against it. While it was the very same software it was on a much slower RS/6000 hardware.
I played against it, and of course got defeated very soon. I think around 17 moves but I don't recall correctly.
This was after the Philadelphia match that Kasparov won 4-2 but before the rematch that was marred by controversy. The IBM guys said that on game 1 they had somehow or the other omitted to bring the "opening book" and had to ftp it over a slow connection. They only got it in time for game 2. Still believe Deep Blue won game 1 ! Apparently Kasparov was shaken and then walked the streets of Philadelphia all night long and promptly won the next game.
http://www.research.ibm.com/deepblue/watch/html/c. 10.html
As an IBMer (although I joined IBM about 1.5 years since) and a chess fan I am disappointed that the team refused to open up the project to more scrutiny. I still hope and believe that there was nothing inappropriate.
I remember the day I was writing a little quiz program. One which would ask questions and print a little score at the end to see if you gave the right answer. Dumb of course. I was carefully writing down the questions in my notebook when my mum stopped by and looked over my shoulder. Her response, "a computer can know _all_ this ?":-)
Acorn Computers is the daddy of all UK computing. While the rest of the geeky kids were using Ti's the UK kids were hacking away on BBC Micros.
I still have mine here.
Hey it's not just UK kids ! In the mid-late 80s the Indian govt. distributed a bunch of BBC Micros to a set of federal govt.schools. I understand it was actually funded by the UK govt, although I'm not sure.
I was in junior high and we had these two computers (in their own air conditioned room:-) but no books on how to use them and nobody who knew anything. All we had was the source code to about 10 basic programs.. a couple of them games.
Talk about using the source.. I still remember the epiphany I felt when understanding what a procedure does !
I contest that. First of all, 5 years of backwards compatibility is not an argument for SPARC, it's an argument for x86. x86 has 20 years of backwards compatibility.
Heh, code compiled for the IBM S/360 _still_ runs on the z-series (running z-OS). That's close on to 40 years now:-)
There is a lovely paper by Andrew Appel and Kai Li which explains a lot of cute uses of VM.
Abstract:
Memory Management Units (MMUs) are traditionally used by operating
systems to implement disk-paged virtual memory. Some operating
systems allow user programs to specify the protection level
(inaccessible, readonly, read-write) of pages, and allow user
programs to handle protection violations, but these mechanisms are
not always robust, efficient, or well-matched to the needs of
applications. We survey several user-level algorithms that make use
of page-protection techniques, and analyze their common
characteristics, in an attempt to answer the question, "What
virtual-memory primitives should the operating system provide to user
processes, and how well do today's operating systems provide
them?"
It's not just that.. I often download online copies of papers from citeseer.com.. With such a copy you don't even _have_ the information for the complete citation.
So I just look up the citeseer page for the paper again and copy the bibtex entry for the paper and update my bib database. I'm sure I'm propagating errors. Boo !!
This is not just a "modern" situation though. In the old days, and I'm sure in other professions, you'd make a trip to the library and photocopy a paper from (say) a journal or perhaps a conference proceedings (if you're a computer scientist). This photocopy doesn't necessarily contain the volume/issue number you need for the correct citation.. hell I've even had page numbers munged out. So you take a shortcut.
That said, it's not that surprising that people might cite some paper they haven't read or understood fully. It might be some "seminal" work published 40 years back which has been covered even in undergrad and grad texts and classes.
The odds are that Smith's character will be an amalgam of Powell and Donovan, the "field" guys who essentially operate as the eyes and ears of Susan Calvin, the robo-psychologist.
However since they never give the Nobel more than once, indeed the Nobel should have been given to relativity theory.
Interestingly, when Einstein and his first wife were divorced, he was so sure about winning the Nobel that he included half the prize money in the settlement.
The Indian government distributed lots of these babies to the federal government schools in the mid-eighties. All "kendriya vidyalayas" (central schools) were issued two each IIRC.
In my small school in tbe boondocks, these 2 computers sat happily ensconced in their air-conditioned rooms (a luxury) with nobody doing anything with it.
All that was available was 10 basic programs. I still remember the epiphany I had when I read the source (!!) and understood what a loop was and what a procedure was.
In my (limited) experience with ML, it makes it very easy to code. The code is dense, but readable. A small number of lines can get a lot of work done. A friend of mine describes ML programming as:
1. Write your program 2. Try to compile it 3. If there are no errors go to 5. 4. Fix your errors and go to 2. 5. Congratulations, you are done - no need to test it.
It's a really fun language to program in, but I think I'd rather use C for the kind of code I do (mostly gross systems stuff).
Re:For a real challenge, try P2P-ing the database
on
Putting P2P To Work
·
· Score: 4, Informative
Look at the PIER project at the Database group in UC Berkeley.
PIER is a P2P Query Processor.. it stands for "P2P Information Exchange and Retrieval"
I worked in the industry for about 4 years after my MS before I decided to go back to do my Ph.D. At 27, a lot of my friends thought I was nuts, but I couldn't pass up the opportunity to chase my dreams.
I was doing fun stuff in the real world, and I learnt a lot.. however I wasn't getting to set my own agenda, which is what I'm hoping to be able to do at a research job in another 4 years after I get my ph.d... if not I'm f****d:-)
Slashdot Mirror
You are concluding two incidents .. the infamous chicago election of robert j. daley as mayor (dad of the current mayor) and a 19th century incident involving a redistricting in Massachusetts by a Governor named Gerry. The offending district looked like a "salamander" .. hence the term Gerrymander.
This Scientific American article shows a general technique for this kind of a problem: http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=0003D47 6-1852-1EB7-BDC0809EC588EEDF
IBM Almaden has a group that works on privacy-preserving data management. Intelligent Information Systems Research research group. (Note that Srikant Ramakrishnan of the group was awarded the 2002 Grace Murray Hopper award on association rules and data mining.
In fact, you've hit on the central issue in sensor networks. These sensors normally have a battery on board. Often times the battery is bigger than the rest of the mote. The most expensive operation in terms of battery usage is communication. So it becomes vitally important to design protocols that minimize communication.
The amount of power used to send a single byte to a 100 yards is roughly the same as that used for about 1000 instructions.
AFAIK they do nothing should be interpreted to mean "they do nothing to fix the machine". Instead they just unplug the machine and *toss* it into the junk bin. BTW, many of Google's machines aren't high-end stuff. They are often cheap low quality boxes with memory that fails easily.
There was also an IBM internal version of AIX that ran on x86. It was never shipped, and was discontinued after first done (like so many other IBM software projects !)
Well, actually, Interactive UNIX was a SCO competitor from way back. The OS part of Interactive was merged with Sun in the early 90s. The main reason for wanting Interactive was for the driver library, as the core of Solaris x86 was no doubt pretty much pure Solaris. When I was a full-time IBM'r (still am an employee) I remember a lunch-time conversation on the purported existence of an AIX version for the x86 .. never worked out.
Phoooey .. I'll never learn this HTML thang ..
Advanced Chess
Actually this is not new. This is called "Advanced Chess". There was an Advanced Chess tournament held a couple years back and all the Super GMs (> 2700 rating) competed. I believe that Vishy Anand won it. Basically however it left people kinda cold. Let me also be a karma whore: http://www.chessbase.com/events/events.asp?pid=133
Call it an irrational belief if you will. Or perhaps because I met and talked with the researchers. Of course, I have no illusions on the honesty and integrity of big corporations. However, I do have faith in the integrity of individual researchers.
Heh .. seriously.
Back in November 1996 the IBM Research guys exhibited DeepBlue at the IBM CasCon conference in Toronto. They had the program play a "top Canadian GM" and it dutifully defeated him.
It was an exhibit in the demo section and anybody could play against it. While it was the very same software it was on a much slower RS/6000 hardware.
I played against it, and of course got defeated very soon. I think around 17 moves but I don't recall correctly.
This was after the Philadelphia match that Kasparov won 4-2 but before the rematch that was marred by controversy. The IBM guys said that on game 1 they had somehow or the other omitted to bring the "opening book" and had to ftp it over a slow connection. They only got it in time for game 2. Still believe Deep Blue won game 1 ! Apparently Kasparov was shaken and then walked the streets of Philadelphia all night long and promptly won the next game.
http://www.research.ibm.com/deepblue/watch/html/c. 10.html
As an IBMer (although I joined IBM about 1.5 years since) and a chess fan I am disappointed that the team refused to open up the project to more scrutiny. I still hope and believe that there was nothing inappropriate.
Pencil and graph paper ! More memories.
:-)
I remember the day I was writing a little quiz program. One which would ask questions and print a little score at the end to see if you gave the right answer. Dumb of course. I was carefully writing down the questions in my notebook when my mum stopped by and looked over my shoulder. Her response, "a computer can know _all_ this ?"
Acorn Computers is the daddy of all UK computing. While the rest of the geeky kids were using Ti's the UK kids were hacking away on BBC Micros.
:-) but no books on how to use them and nobody who knew anything. All we had was the source code to about 10 basic programs .. a couple of them games.
.. I still remember the epiphany I felt when understanding what a procedure does !
I still have mine here.
Hey it's not just UK kids ! In the mid-late 80s the Indian govt. distributed a bunch of BBC Micros to a set of federal govt.schools. I understand it was actually funded by the UK govt, although I'm not sure.
I was in junior high and we had these two computers (in their own air conditioned room
Talk about using the source
Ah, those were the days.
I contest that. First of all, 5 years of backwards compatibility is not an argument for SPARC, it's an argument for x86. x86 has 20 years of backwards compatibility.
:-)
Heh, code compiled for the IBM S/360 _still_ runs on the z-series (running z-OS). That's close on to 40 years now
CQual
It's been used to find security holes.
Abstract:
Memory Management Units (MMUs) are traditionally used by operating systems to implement disk-paged virtual memory. Some operating systems allow user programs to specify the protection level (inaccessible, readonly, read-write) of pages, and allow user programs to handle protection violations, but these mechanisms are not always robust, efficient, or well-matched to the needs of applications. We survey several user-level algorithms that make use of page-protection techniques, and analyze their common characteristics, in an attempt to answer the question, "What virtual-memory primitives should the operating system provide to user processes, and how well do today's operating systems provide them?"
Why in hell is the parent modded "Troll" ??
:-)
Stupid Slashdot was unhappy that I took all of 13 seconds to type that first sentence. Bah
It's not just that .. I often download online copies of papers from citeseer.com .. With such a copy you don't even _have_ the information for the complete citation.
.. hell I've even had page numbers munged out. So you take a shortcut.
So I just look up the citeseer page for the paper again and copy the bibtex entry for the paper and update my bib database. I'm sure I'm propagating errors. Boo !!
This is not just a "modern" situation though. In the old days, and I'm sure in other professions, you'd make a trip to the library and photocopy a paper from (say) a journal or perhaps a conference proceedings (if you're a computer scientist). This photocopy doesn't necessarily contain the volume/issue number you need for the correct citation
That said, it's not that surprising that people might cite some paper they haven't read or understood fully. It might be some "seminal" work published 40 years back which has been covered even in undergrad and grad texts and classes.
The odds are that Smith's character will be an amalgam of Powell and Donovan, the "field" guys who essentially operate as the eyes and ears of Susan Calvin, the robo-psychologist.
However since they never give the Nobel more than once, indeed the Nobel should have been given to relativity theory.
Interestingly, when Einstein and his first wife were divorced, he was so sure about winning the Nobel that he included half the prize money in the settlement.
Memories ..
The Indian government distributed lots of these babies to the federal government schools in the mid-eighties. All "kendriya vidyalayas" (central schools) were issued two each IIRC.
In my small school in tbe boondocks, these 2 computers sat happily ensconced in their air-conditioned rooms (a luxury) with nobody doing anything with it.
All that was available was 10 basic programs. I still remember the epiphany I had when I read the source (!!) and understood what a loop was and what a procedure was.
Yup, I can just imagine 'em thinking, "Hmm we violate human rights. So it's illegal for us to use this software. Damn .. back to websurfing".
In my (limited) experience with ML, it makes it very easy to code. The code is dense, but readable. A small number of lines can get a lot of work done.
A friend of mine describes ML programming as:
1. Write your program
2. Try to compile it
3. If there are no errors go to 5.
4. Fix your errors and go to 2.
5. Congratulations, you are done - no need to test it.
It's a really fun language to program in, but I think I'd rather use C for the kind of code I do (mostly gross systems stuff).
Look at the PIER project at the Database group in UC Berkeley.
.. it stands for "P2P Information Exchange and Retrieval"
PIER is a P2P Query Processor
http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~huebsch/pier/
I worked in the industry for about 4 years after my MS before I decided to go back to do my Ph.D. At 27, a lot of my friends thought I was nuts, but I couldn't pass up the opportunity to chase my dreams.
.. however I wasn't getting to set my own agenda, which is what I'm hoping to be able to do at a research job in another 4 years after I get my ph.d. .. if not I'm f****d :-)
I was doing fun stuff in the real world, and I learnt a lot