"Globalisation is a great force for good. But neither governments nor businesses, Clive Crook argues, can be trusted to make the case... Far from being the greatest cause of poverty, globalisation is the only feasible cure
"
Apple stole Xerox's OS interface metaphor and released the Lisa/Macintosh.
Er, no, Apple didn't steal a thing. GUI work was underway at Apple under the direction of Jef Raskin long before the two infamous visits to the Xerox PARC facility (for which Xerox received a chunk of Apple stock). The only real reason for those visits was to convince Jobs that a GUI was the way to go for Mac/Lisa. The SmallTalk environment which Xerox showed off bore practically no resemblance to what would become the Mac interface and had a very primative GUI. The whole "desktop" GUI metaphor, pull-down menus, icons for objects (rather than actions), and drag resizing of windows were all invented in-house at Apple.
The idea of colliding beam fusion reactors is not new. In the early 70's Bogden Maglich came of with the idea of using a self-colliding ion beam architecture (based upon his precetron accelerator design which he created to study pion-antipion collisions in the 60's) to trigger aneutronic fusion without the plasma containment instability problems inherent in magnetic confinement fusion reactor designs. The results of his experiments over the years have been very promising, but he has had a great deal of difficulty getting funding for his research since his approach is so far outside of the "orthodox" mainstream fusion being conducted as Princeton and elsewhere. The uninformed also unfortunately tend to lump him in with crackpots such as Cold Fusion researchers and perpetual motion engine designers (and the "free energy" crackpots like to make him out to be one of their own), despite the fact that most experts in the fusion research field acknowledge that his science is sound.
For more info, here are a few links to get started. There was also an interesting article about him in Omni back in the 80's, but I don't recall the issue.
Actually, "The Cage" was filmed in color, and snippets of it were used in the two-part episode "The Menagerie". For the longest time, the only known copy of "The Cage" was a B&W work print, but a full color copy was discovered several years back.
BTW, the woman who played Number One was Majel Barrett, who later played Nurse Chapel, Counselor Troi's mother, and the voice of the ship's computer, not to mention being the wife of Gene Roddenberry.
The intro song has, for the first time, WORDS! This was startling and disappointing, until I found myself liking the song. Anyone heard it before?
Have to admit that I felt a bit uneasy hearing a popsong in the trailer. Although "Magic Carpet Ride" was used to good effect in First Contact.
However, technically, this is not the first time lyrics have been associated with a Star Trek theme song. According to Steve E. Whitfield's excellent book, The Making of Star Trek, Roddenberry penned lyrics for the original them, although they were not used.
The life sentence is a MAXIMUM penalty. No judge is going to sentence someone to life for defacing a website. The penalty would be weighed against the severity of the action.
So many people in this forum seem to think that breaking into someone else's computer is not a serious matter, just a childish prank, and this attitude shocks me. This is a crime which costs our nation countless millions of dollars every year in lost revenue and time spent cleaning up the compromised systems and plugging security holes. Frankly, six months in jail seems perfectly reasonable for defacing a website (it being no different than breaking windows and spray painting grafitti over someone's home or business). A life sentence would be reserved for things like breaking into government systems and stealing classified info.
If only there were a way of getting SPAMmers (only a slightly higher form of life than bacteria and pedophiles) covered by this law. Oh wait, theft of services!
Buy a clue, folks. The proposed legislation says nothing about HACKING. It is about computer CRIMES. Unauthorized entry into a system for stealing info. Web site defacement. Virus writing. These are CRIMES, and finally someone is coming up with legislation that has the teeth to properly punish the worthless waste-of-protein creeps who do these things.
This is a GOOD thing!
(And for the record, in the good ol' days before the proliferation of script kiddies and commercial SPAM, i.e. pre-90's, there was no distinction between hackers and crackers. That semantic distinction is a rather recent piece of revisionist computer folklore.)
It would have been ironic if "Born in the USA" had been on the list. The Arrow, a Clear Channel classic rock station in Houston, has been playing that song with a montage of soundbites from last week's tragedy superimposed upon it. Very well done and quite moving...
I'm not sure about HPUX or Tru64, but OpenVMS legally can't be dropped. Per the terms of their DII COE commitment with Uncle Sam from last year, Compaq agreed to guarantee support OpenVMS for 20 more years. With the merger, HP inherits that agreement.
I can't help but think that this merger is a good thing. HP understands high-end enterprise computing much better than Compaq, and clearly bought out the Q for the enterprise morsels they acquired from DIGITAL and Tandem...
"What about anti-matter? Does it repulse or attract by gravity to normal matter? Nobody knows, we didn't yet have enough anti-matter to investigate, and from the particle accelerators you can't tell, since all the other forces are so much stronger you can't see gravity in these experiments."
This is incorrect. It has been experimentally verified many times over that antimatter behaves exactly like matter in a gravitational field.
That is, if they manage to convince Alpha to add PALcode support (or something equivalent) to accomodate the four memory protection modes required by OpenVMS. (Transition will take place with McKinley's successor, which is still on the drawing boards.) Plus, they'll have to add CPU lockstepping capabilities so that IA64 can replace MIPS in NSK systems (after all that work adding lockstepping to EV7).
*sigh* Switching to a slower and more expensive processor... Yeah, makes a lot of sense. Nice going, Q...
You're not giving Raskin his due. He essentially invented the GUI in 1969. Here is a brief history of the GUI as pieced together from multiple sources, including first-hand accounts by Raskin and Bruce Horn themselves:
The origins of the GUI can be traced to 1968, when MIT researcher Dr. Douglas Englebart demonstrated his newest invention, the mouse, by cutting, copying and pasting strings of text. There were no windows in this primitive system, but the characters were bitmapped rather than being produced by a character generator.
A year later, Jef Raskin finished his Masters' thesis, a complete description of the internal implementation details of a GUI. Part of the title of the thesis would later become the name of the MacOS graphics toolbox, QuickDraw, of which Raskin would lead the development.
After college, Raskin went on to work at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) on an object oriented GUI environment, programming language, and application framework known as SmallTalk. This formed the foundation of Xerox's later Star and Alto systems, which Xerox never could really figure out how to market. These early GUIs were rather primitive, with icons representing actions rather than objects, no pull-down menus, no desktop metaphor, and windows could only be resized or repositioned by typing in screen coordinates.
Raskin then went to work at Apple. Initially, only the Lisa (high-end business cousin of the Macintosh) was to have a GUI. Jobs wanted the Mac to be more like the old Apple II system, but Raskin had secretly started working on a Mac GUI anyway. Raskin arranged for Jobs and other Apple execs and engineers to go on their two famous visits to PARC, which sold Jobs on the idea of giving the Mac a GUI. By the way, Apple compensated Xerox handsomely for these visits with large chunks of Apple stock.
At Apple, the Macintosh and Lisa teams invented many of the features associated with the modern GUI: draggable windows, pull-down menus, icons representing objects (either physical or abstract), and the desktop metaphor.
As soon as Gates saw an early prototype of the Lisa, his set his programmers to work copying the interface as a graphical shell which would run atop DOS, but not so closely as to make it a blatant rip-off. Much to Jobs' chagrin, Windows v1.0 was shipping (at least in Asian markets) by the time the Mac was unveiled in 1984. Meanwhile, Microsoft and Apple had entered into a contractual agreement for Microsoft to develop applications for the MacOS and Lisa. To accommodate this, Apple loaned MS some prototypes and gave them access to portions of the OS source code.
Apple did later sue Microsoft over stealing the "look and feel" of the interface. The case was eventually dismissed due to a loophole in the aforementioned contract which essentially gave Microsoft the right to use any of the info they were given, including code, for their own products (looks like Apple had inept contract attorneys). This left MS free to produce an even more direct copy of the Mac interface, Windows 95.
As someone who used to do superconductor research as a physics grad student at U of Houston, I have one thing to say to this: What have you been smoking?
It may be intended as a joke (that is not clear from the website), but the frightening thing is that there are many gullible people in the world who actually believe this sort of nonsense, and shell out big bucks to the charlatans who perpetuate this bilge...
Not necessarily. Take those old 286 and 386 machines, install NewDeal OS on them, and donate them to schools to serve as word processing stations or internet access terminals....
Sounds like an impressive setup (and quite usefull if you are doing parallel processing), but misses the point on several items:
Distributed Lock Manager: locks can be simulated with certain types of MPI messages.
-- File level locking should be transparently handled and not dependant upon a specialized API. In other words, even a simple fopen() call should handle the locks properly. Invoking a specialized API for record-level locking is another story.
Cluster-wide File System: use MPI to pass data back and forth between nodes, including instructions on where to write the data.
-- It's not a cluster-wide file system if you are having to go through a specialized API to access remote disks. Each node should be able to mount and access any disk in the cluster as if it were local to the system.
Process control -- bueno.
Connection manager: Scyld provides this to some degree. You can do remote shutdown/startup of nodes or groups of nodes. -- Good start, although full Connection Manager will require the ability to handle quorum votes.
Shared System Disk: well, nodes bootstrap from thier own drives, but download a new kernal image from the master node on bootup. They also pull down libraries from the masternode on bootup.
-- Your individual nodes actually have to have their own disks? Sorry to hear about that. Try MOP booting...
Single security and management domain: permissions are the same on the slave nodes as they are on the master. But the slave nodes are truely compute nodes, and permissions there matter little, except for data files. -- "master" and "slave" nodes have no meaning in clustering technology. If you are relying on specific nodes to run in order to keep the cluster running, you don't have a cluster (or at least, not a well designed one).
Cluster wide process control
-- check!
Mixed Architecture
-- unknown (obviously different executables would be required, unless the apps are in Jave)
Rolling Upgrade Support: yup. Acually, with Scyld, if you reboot a node, it will come back up with the newest configuration, imaged off the master node. -- More or less there. (Again, what's with this image pulling nonsense? Just boot off the same disk...)
Parallel IO support: simulated/managed through MPI pretty easily. Set up "IO" nodes and let them handle it. -- Once again, you are depending upon a specialized API. Should be transparent.
Interconnect failover: networking on a Beowulf is up to you. -- This is something the Connection Manager should handle transparently.
High-end scaling: Beowulf? "OK?" Have you ever heard of ASCI-Red? -- Yes, I have. ASCI-Red is nice if you are doing parallel computing. Other tasks would not scale well on it.
Load Balancing: ours does round robin scheduling of jobs, but it usually doesn't utilize the higher number nodes unless you run a job that requests a large number of nodes. We wish for better control, but this works pretty well. -- I've been known to use DNS round-robin for certain things. Doesn't work nearly as well as true load balancing. FYI, we have a front-end/back-end Exchange 2000 setup with a so-called "clustered" backend and load-balancing front-end. Microsoft's so-called network load-balancing doesn't. I don't think I've ever seen a connection request routed to the second front-end server.
Cluster Alias: yeah, what you said.:)
-- Yeah, with simple DNS configs, this is probably the simplest criterion to meet. Wasn't so simple pre-DNS...
Your points seemed to center around the use of a specialized parallel processing API to achieve cluster functionality. Clustering isn't about parallel processing. It is about availability. ("Our cluster nodes in L.A. just got crushed in an earthquake!" "No problem, the nodes in San Jose are still running. The cluster is still up and we didn't loose a single transaction...")
Slashdot Mirror
Northernlight can also be reached at nlsearch.com. Most comprehensive search engine on the web.
Er, no, Apple didn't steal a thing. GUI work was underway at Apple under the direction of Jef Raskin long before the two infamous visits to the Xerox PARC facility (for which Xerox received a chunk of Apple stock). The only real reason for those visits was to convince Jobs that a GUI was the way to go for Mac/Lisa. The SmallTalk environment which Xerox showed off bore practically no resemblance to what would become the Mac interface and had a very primative GUI. The whole "desktop" GUI metaphor, pull-down menus, icons for objects (rather than actions), and drag resizing of windows were all invented in-house at Apple.
Looks like Lee was recently arrested in Kentucky and freed on bail. More info at the following sites:
I haven't heard about him being arrested recently, but Dennis Lee certainly is a con artist.
...and for a few more in-depth journal articles on CBF from Physical Review Letters:
The idea of colliding beam fusion reactors is not new. In the early 70's Bogden Maglich came of with the idea of using a self-colliding ion beam architecture (based upon his precetron accelerator design which he created to study pion-antipion collisions in the 60's) to trigger aneutronic fusion without the plasma containment instability problems inherent in magnetic confinement fusion reactor designs. The results of his experiments over the years have been very promising, but he has had a great deal of difficulty getting funding for his research since his approach is so far outside of the "orthodox" mainstream fusion being conducted as Princeton and elsewhere. The uninformed also unfortunately tend to lump him in with crackpots such as Cold Fusion researchers and perpetual motion engine designers (and the "free energy" crackpots like to make him out to be one of their own), despite the fact that most experts in the fusion research field acknowledge that his science is sound.
For more info, here are a few links to get started. There was also an interesting article about him in Omni back in the 80's, but I don't recall the issue.
After all, HP is acquiring Compaq, and with it Tru64 Unix. Makes sense that HP would axe the lesser of the two operating systems.
Actually, "The Cage" was filmed in color, and snippets of it were used in the two-part episode "The Menagerie". For the longest time, the only known copy of "The Cage" was a B&W work print, but a full color copy was discovered several years back.
BTW, the woman who played Number One was Majel Barrett, who later played Nurse Chapel, Counselor Troi's mother, and the voice of the ship's computer, not to mention being the wife of Gene Roddenberry.
An odd claim. According to USDA statistics, Oklahoma produced 37.8 million bushels of corn in 2000. That's almost $72 million worth of corn.
Have to admit that I felt a bit uneasy hearing a popsong in the trailer. Although "Magic Carpet Ride" was used to good effect in First Contact.
However, technically, this is not the first time lyrics have been associated with a Star Trek theme song. According to Steve E. Whitfield's excellent book, The Making of Star Trek, Roddenberry penned lyrics for the original them, although they were not used.
The lyrics are as follows:
Beyond
The rim of star-light
My love
Is wand'ring in star flight
I know
He'll find in star-clustered reaches
Love,
Strange love a star woman teaches
I know
His journey end never
His star trek
Will go on forever.
But tell him
While he wanders his starry sea
Remember, remember me.
The life sentence is a MAXIMUM penalty. No judge is going to sentence someone to life for defacing a website. The penalty would be weighed against the severity of the action.
So many people in this forum seem to think that breaking into someone else's computer is not a serious matter, just a childish prank, and this attitude shocks me. This is a crime which costs our nation countless millions of dollars every year in lost revenue and time spent cleaning up the compromised systems and plugging security holes. Frankly, six months in jail seems perfectly reasonable for defacing a website (it being no different than breaking windows and spray painting grafitti over someone's home or business). A life sentence would be reserved for things like breaking into government systems and stealing classified info.
If only there were a way of getting SPAMmers (only a slightly higher form of life than bacteria and pedophiles) covered by this law. Oh wait, theft of services!
Something like playing a DVD under Linux wouldn't be covered. Read the Act.
Buy a clue, folks. The proposed legislation says nothing about HACKING. It is about computer CRIMES. Unauthorized entry into a system for stealing info. Web site defacement. Virus writing. These are CRIMES, and finally someone is coming up with legislation that has the teeth to properly punish the worthless waste-of-protein creeps who do these things.
This is a GOOD thing!
(And for the record, in the good ol' days before the proliferation of script kiddies and commercial SPAM, i.e. pre-90's, there was no distinction between hackers and crackers. That semantic distinction is a rather recent piece of revisionist computer folklore.)
It would have been ironic if "Born in the USA" had been on the list. The Arrow, a Clear Channel classic rock station in Houston, has been playing that song with a montage of soundbites from last week's tragedy superimposed upon it. Very well done and quite moving...
I'm not sure about HPUX or Tru64, but OpenVMS legally can't be dropped. Per the terms of their DII COE commitment with Uncle Sam from last year, Compaq agreed to guarantee support OpenVMS for 20 more years. With the merger, HP inherits that agreement.
I can't help but think that this merger is a good thing. HP understands high-end enterprise computing much better than Compaq, and clearly bought out the Q for the enterprise morsels they acquired from DIGITAL and Tandem...
This is incorrect. It has been experimentally verified many times over that antimatter behaves exactly like matter in a gravitational field.
That is, if they manage to convince Alpha to add PALcode support (or something equivalent) to accomodate the four memory protection modes required by OpenVMS. (Transition will take place with McKinley's successor, which is still on the drawing boards.) Plus, they'll have to add CPU lockstepping capabilities so that IA64 can replace MIPS in NSK systems (after all that work adding lockstepping to EV7).
*sigh* Switching to a slower and more expensive processor... Yeah, makes a lot of sense. Nice going, Q...
You're not giving Raskin his due. He essentially invented the GUI in 1969. Here is a brief history of the GUI as pieced together from multiple sources, including first-hand accounts by Raskin and Bruce Horn themselves:
The origins of the GUI can be traced to 1968, when MIT researcher Dr. Douglas Englebart demonstrated his newest invention, the mouse, by cutting, copying and pasting strings of text. There were no windows in this primitive system, but the characters were bitmapped rather than being produced by a character generator.
A year later, Jef Raskin finished his Masters' thesis, a complete description of the internal implementation details of a GUI. Part of the title of the thesis would later become the name of the MacOS graphics toolbox, QuickDraw, of which Raskin would lead the development.
After college, Raskin went on to work at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) on an object oriented GUI environment, programming language, and application framework known as SmallTalk. This formed the foundation of Xerox's later Star and Alto systems, which Xerox never could really figure out how to market. These early GUIs were rather primitive, with icons representing actions rather than objects, no pull-down menus, no desktop metaphor, and windows could only be resized or repositioned by typing in screen coordinates.
Raskin then went to work at Apple. Initially, only the Lisa (high-end business cousin of the Macintosh) was to have a GUI. Jobs wanted the Mac to be more like the old Apple II system, but Raskin had secretly started working on a Mac GUI anyway. Raskin arranged for Jobs and other Apple execs and engineers to go on their two famous visits to PARC, which sold Jobs on the idea of giving the Mac a GUI. By the way, Apple compensated Xerox handsomely for these visits with large chunks of Apple stock.
At Apple, the Macintosh and Lisa teams invented many of the features associated with the modern GUI: draggable windows, pull-down menus, icons representing objects (either physical or abstract), and the desktop metaphor.
As soon as Gates saw an early prototype of the Lisa, his set his programmers to work copying the interface as a graphical shell which would run atop DOS, but not so closely as to make it a blatant rip-off. Much to Jobs' chagrin, Windows v1.0 was shipping (at least in Asian markets) by the time the Mac was unveiled in 1984. Meanwhile, Microsoft and Apple had entered into a contractual agreement for Microsoft to develop applications for the MacOS and Lisa. To accommodate this, Apple loaned MS some prototypes and gave them access to portions of the OS source code.
Apple did later sue Microsoft over stealing the "look and feel" of the interface. The case was eventually dismissed due to a loophole in the aforementioned contract which essentially gave Microsoft the right to use any of the info they were given, including code, for their own products (looks like Apple had inept contract attorneys). This left MS free to produce an even more direct copy of the Mac interface, Windows 95.
As someone who used to do superconductor research as a physics grad student at U of Houston, I have one thing to say to this: What have you been smoking?
It may be intended as a joke (that is not clear from the website), but the frightening thing is that there are many gullible people in the world who actually believe this sort of nonsense, and shell out big bucks to the charlatans who perpetuate this bilge...
Not necessarily. Take those old 286 and 386 machines, install NewDeal OS on them, and donate them to schools to serve as word processing stations or internet access terminals....
Sounds like an impressive setup (and quite usefull if you are doing parallel processing), but misses the point on several items:
Your points seemed to center around the use of a specialized parallel processing API to achieve cluster functionality. Clustering isn't about parallel processing. It is about availability. ("Our cluster nodes in L.A. just got crushed in an earthquake!" "No problem, the nodes in San Jose are still running. The cluster is still up and we didn't loose a single transaction...")
Interesting. I'll definitely have to check it out. Thanks for the link.
Not familiar with this (other than the biological reference). Could you provide a URL? (Always open to new info...)