Pure-python modules are almost certain to work, unless they hit one of the few documented areas that are not backwards-compatible.
C extensions will probably require a recompile, as some fundamental data structures have changed. This is the norm for any major or minor Python release (i.e. when x or y changes in x.y.z).
C extensions used on 64-bit operating systems will need some important but fairly simple modifications. Quite a few extensions have already been fixed to work with Python 2.5 during the beta and release candidate periods.
Nope - the else block is executed if no exception is thrown in the try block. If an exception is thrown from the try block that is not handled by an except block, it propagates up the stack (executing any finally blocks) until it is caught.
The advantage of the else block (as others have pointed out) is that what is included in it is not covered by the except blocks, but is covered by the finally block. So if an exception is thrown from the else block the finally block is executed and then the exception propagates up the stack.
The else block existed on the try/except/else and try/else/finally constructs previously. Obviously it only really serves a purpose with a finally block.
Note: up the stack does not just mean stack frames - the python stack includes try/except/else/finally constructs, so propagating up the stack will execute finally blocks on nested try/finally constructs.
BTW - the "catch-all" behaviour is obtained by using a bare except:, and is highly recommended against. It will catch things that should normally be passed through, such as KeyboardException and SystemExit.
I haven't looked, but I wouldn't be shocked if someone releases a mod pretty soon that alters the leveled-lists, and uses far less of them in Oblivion.
Perhaps you should look. The major ones have been out almost since Oblivion was released...
Australian law (or NSW at any rate) is a 0.05% blood alcohol driving limit, and 0.02% for learners - L(earner) and P(rovisional) licence holders. For an average-sized man, 0.05% is reached after approximately 3 standard drinks in the first hour, and sustained with 1 standard drink per hour thereafter.
I don't drink very often these days (I drank plenty in university). After a single (Australian) beer, I can feel that I am impaired - and I fit the "average man" criteria fairly well (slightly below average height, but overweight).
I was stunned when i found out that the US is a 0.08% blood alcohol driving limit - especially as so many of your states don't allow people to drink until 21, and therefore prevent people from learning how alcohol impairs them until after they think they're competent drivers...
In my office, we use the honour system - and it works (for chips, chocolates, etc). Additionally, I would trust *any* of my co-workers not to screw me over (even my managers). I can't say the same for higher management, but they're in the USA...
Maybe that's the difference between engineers and marketing/sales/everyone else. Or maybe it's the difference between Australians and people from the USA.
It's a second-hand P3 800MHz with 256MB RAM. Somehow I don't think it's going to be running Vista...
By taking the lower resolution, I get an easier-to-read interface right now (actually, last year). Also - is Fallout (and other older games) going to magically change to be resolution-independent when Vista comes out? Or is it going to be stuck at 640x480, either unplayably scaled and blocky, or tiny tiny tiny in the middle of the screen?
GUIs are not the *only* things that get run. Sometimes I like to play (older) games on my laptop.
Fallout runs at 640x480. It's hard enough to play at that size on the laptop because either I scale (in which case it's unplayably ugly) or I reduce the screen real estate used (in which case it's tiny).
FWIW, I *really* hate the way LCD screens are going for higher and higher resolutions. I have good eyesight (never needed glasses, very very slightly short-sighted). And I don't want anything smaller than 1024x768 on a 15" LCD screen (in fact, I prefer 1024x768 on a 17" CRT).
When I bought my laptop, I had a choice between native 1440x1080 (I think) or 1024x768 on the same size screen (15") at the same price. I took the 1024x768.
2. Deadly spiders and snakes in your house Other countries have bears.
3. Long travel times to get across the country Beats unbelievable travel times to get across the CBD...
4. Inconvenient timezone Inconvenient for you perhaps. I quite like it. Only have to deal with yanks in the early morning.
5. No decent sports leagues Huh?
6. John Howard Tony Blair. No - you definitely win this one. Now if you were from the US... at least we can say Johnny acts that way because he's got his head stuck so far up Bush's arse - Bush has no excuse.
Rather than stinking up the place for everyone else (thank you for stopping BTW) - go and have a shower. Or basically, anything which relaxes you and takes your mind off the problem. I always get my best ideas in the shower.
You know, walking through a cloud of smoke to get into a building is nowhere near as bad as being stuck in a lift (elevator) with someone who's just had a smoke...
In Australia you vote for all your state's available senate positions on a single paper. All the parties are presented with a box, as is each individual prospective senator.
You have two options - either vote for a *single* party (i.e. vote above the line - just one number) or number every candidate on the paper in order of preference (vote below the line).
The rules for candidacy have been tightened since then, and I believe there is discussion to introduce optional preferential voting. If this happens, you will be able to number only as many candidates below the line as you want. Once your preferences run out, your vote is discarded entirely. This allows people to make a protest vote, but then direct their vote to a major party, without having to number every other box. I hope it gets in.
Since we only vote for a single member of the lower house, I highly doubt optional preferential voting will be introduced for that - the largest number of candidates I've personally ever seen was about 10.
No - the median is the 50% point i.e. (excluding the single exact 50% point if there is one) 50% have equal to or below the median, and 50% have equal to above the median.
I'm pretty sure that at least 50% of people have 2 legs. This actually means that in this case, no matter what other data points there are (3 legs or more) the median and mode *must* be 2 (since 2 must contain the 50% data point).
Speaking as someone who's completed both Fallout 1&2 over 40 times each (and counting...)
It is entirely possible to complete FO2 using H2H - it's lots of fun too. First thing - aimed attacks on the arms...
It's what I love about the Fallouts - you can play any way you want. Combat, diplomacy, good, evil, theft (for the most part)... I've done them all. I've completed games where I've killed every single person in every location. I've completed games where I personally haven't killed anyone directly. I've had games last as short as a few hours, and gams last over 100 hours.
I admit I'm biased - I have a gravestone in Arcanum;) And the "occasional" remark was somewhat tongue-in-cheek...
All three games are brilliant, with a few flaws that really hurt them. For ToEE, it's the severe lagging in the elemental nodes, and the fact that it's a hack-and-slash module. The overall gameplay is the best of any CRPG I've ever played (even better than Fallout 2) - in particular, the combat in ToEE is amazing, and the implementation of the radial menu is inspired. Arcanum is unbalanced (which I actually enjoy - I can play an easy game or hard game as I wish) - magic is much more powerful than tech for example - and the combat is less than perfect (esp. real-time and guns). Bloodlines has excessive requirements for "reasonable" gameplay - I had to upgrade to 768MB RAM to get hub load times down to 30 seconds (from approx 4 minutes) and a Radeon 9700 Pro to achieve 20+ FPS. And (as you noted) the game suffers in the latter stages of the game - contrast the Ocean House Hotel (or even Grout's mansion) with the endgames.
In all their projects, Troika were limited primarily by time - and as a result quality has suffered because they've tried to use the time available to fit as much in as possible. Inspiration has never really been a problem with these guys - which is why I think ToEE was actually a mistake. They would have been much better off *not* going with an established module (esp. a hack-and-slash one) but rather doing what they've always done best - develop their own strong story to build their world around.
At least with VTM:B they had a lot more creative control. For ToEE they were forced to do a hatchet job right near the end of development. They were even forced to remove a door in the temple because the module description included the phrase "faggots of wood". That's just ridiculous. Not to mention that pretty much all real options for playing as an evil party were trashed. One of the things I love most about playing Arcanum (and the Fallouts) is being able to play as a truly evil bastard - and still having the complete game available to me.
Thank goodness there are strong communities who have been willing to maintain and improve both VTM:B and ToEE (Arcanum modding never really took off, but it also didn't need it). They will never be the games they *should* have been, but I've spent many hours playing and replaying them (and just wish my video card hadn't packed it in as I want to replay Bloodlines again).
For all their flaws, I have spent more time playing the three Troika games + Fallout 1&2 than all other games combined. That's a pretty impressive record.
They all have fun and different ways of solving quests (yes - even ToEE)?
They all have extensive and loyal fan communities, both before release and after?
They all have very good gameplay (with occasional flaws)?
Ah - I've worked it out. They all had to be developed using the *publisher's* money and to the *publisher's* timeframe, because Troika didn't have enough money to independently develop these large and ambitious games themselves.
After the way they treated Troika
on
Hope Fading at Atari
·
· Score: 2, Interesting
... on The Temple of Elemental Evil, good riddance.
I've played Fallout 1&2 to completion over 40 times each. Fastest runs in a few hours, longest in over 100 hours. I've played just about every type of character possible. And I *still* occasionally find something I didn't know about (although very rarely these days).
I still remember the first time I finished Fallout with evil karma (or was it with a pistol in hand - same effect). Brilliant!
I've completed Arcanum about 10 times - definitely no sub-10-hour runs there... again, lots of different characters.
With all of them, I've played games where my sole aim was to depopulate every location (and succeeded). I've also played games where I haven't (directly) killed anyone (a chain of events resulting in a nuclear explosion does not constitute directly killing anyone...).
The amazing thing about all three games is that you can pretty much play however you like. Good, evil, melee, ranged, thief, sneaking, diplomatic, magic (Arcanum only), technological (Arcanum - obviously it's required in Fallout...). It doesn't matter what you do, you can still complete the game. But they still have strong storylines that you can (and eventually need to) follow.
Most editors that have a python mode will syntax-colour `self` as a keyword. It's not technically a keyword, but the convention of using `self` is so strong that it might as well be. `cls` as the first argument of a class method is also a strong convention, though not quite as strong yet as `self`.
__init__ is an instance method. It is called passing the instance as the first parameter. It allows the instance to set itself up.
__new__ (for new-style classes) is a class method. It is called passing the class object for which an instance is to be constructed. (The class object itself is an instance of another class - its metaclass - but you don't need to worry about that for now).
So, for a new-style class, construction and initialisation is:
There are a couple of caveats about using __del__.
1. Python has multiple implementations, using different garbage collectors. For example, the reference C python implementation uses reference counting, with periodic garbage cycle breaking, while Jython (Python on the Java VM) uses the JVM garbage collector. Whilst with CPython you can (usually) be sure that __del__ is called as soon as the last reference to the object goes away, in Jython that is not the case.
2. __del__ may not be called at all in some circumstances. For example, if you have a garbage cycle involving more than one object that implements __del__, the garbage collector cannot determine which must be called first, and so it doesn't guess.
3. By the time __del__ is called, some references it needs may have already been disposed of. There are methods for ensuring this does not happen, but it's easy to miss something.
In general, it's best not to rely on __del__, and use explicit resource deallocation. This will become much easier in Python 2.5 with the introduction of context managers and the `with` keyword.
*Instance* methods must have `self` (it can be renamed, but woe-betide any one who does so;) which is the instance upon which the method was called.
*Class* methods must have `cls` which is the *class* object upon which the method was called.
*Static* methods don't have a mandatory first parameter.
Class and static methods are called in the same way, but class methods have the class object passed to them while static methods don't. It's very rare that you'll want to use a static method, as class methods can do everything static methods can and more, but there are circumstances where you may prefer to. In any case, switching between them is transparent to calling code.
Slashdot Mirror
Pure-python modules are almost certain to work, unless they hit one of the few documented areas that are not backwards-compatible.
C extensions will probably require a recompile, as some fundamental data structures have changed. This is the norm for any major or minor Python release (i.e. when x or y changes in x.y.z).
C extensions used on 64-bit operating systems will need some important but fairly simple modifications. Quite a few extensions have already been fixed to work with Python 2.5 during the beta and release candidate periods.
Nope - the else block is executed if no exception is thrown in the try block. If an exception is thrown from the try block that is not handled by an except block, it propagates up the stack (executing any finally blocks) until it is caught.
The advantage of the else block (as others have pointed out) is that what is included in it is not covered by the except blocks, but is covered by the finally block. So if an exception is thrown from the else block the finally block is executed and then the exception propagates up the stack.
The else block existed on the try/except/else and try/else/finally constructs previously. Obviously it only really serves a purpose with a finally block.
Note: up the stack does not just mean stack frames - the python stack includes try/except/else/finally constructs, so propagating up the stack will execute finally blocks on nested try/finally constructs.
BTW - the "catch-all" behaviour is obtained by using a bare except:, and is highly recommended against. It will catch things that should normally be passed through, such as KeyboardException and SystemExit.
Perhaps you should look. The major ones have been out almost since Oblivion was released ...
token spamprob #ham #spam
'utilizes' 0.992422 1 6140
Australian law (or NSW at any rate) is a 0.05% blood alcohol driving limit, and 0.02% for learners - L(earner) and P(rovisional) licence holders. For an average-sized man, 0.05% is reached after approximately 3 standard drinks in the first hour, and sustained with 1 standard drink per hour thereafter.
...
I don't drink very often these days (I drank plenty in university). After a single (Australian) beer, I can feel that I am impaired - and I fit the "average man" criteria fairly well (slightly below average height, but overweight).
I was stunned when i found out that the US is a 0.08% blood alcohol driving limit - especially as so many of your states don't allow people to drink until 21, and therefore prevent people from learning how alcohol impairs them until after they think they're competent drivers
In my office, we use the honour system - and it works (for chips, chocolates, etc). Additionally, I would trust *any* of my co-workers not to screw me over (even my managers). I can't say the same for higher management, but they're in the USA ...
Maybe that's the difference between engineers and marketing/sales/everyone else. Or maybe it's the difference between Australians and people from the USA.
It's a second-hand P3 800MHz with 256MB RAM. Somehow I don't think it's going to be running Vista ...
By taking the lower resolution, I get an easier-to-read interface right now (actually, last year). Also - is Fallout (and other older games) going to magically change to be resolution-independent when Vista comes out? Or is it going to be stuck at 640x480, either unplayably scaled and blocky, or tiny tiny tiny in the middle of the screen?
GUIs are not the *only* things that get run. Sometimes I like to play (older) games on my laptop.
Fallout runs at 640x480. It's hard enough to play at that size on the laptop because either I scale (in which case it's unplayably ugly) or I reduce the screen real estate used (in which case it's tiny).
FWIW, I *really* hate the way LCD screens are going for higher and higher resolutions. I have good eyesight (never needed glasses, very very slightly short-sighted). And I don't want anything smaller than 1024x768 on a 15" LCD screen (in fact, I prefer 1024x768 on a 17" CRT).
When I bought my laptop, I had a choice between native 1440x1080 (I think) or 1024x768 on the same size screen (15") at the same price. I took the 1024x768.
1. Skin cancer
I'm a geek.
2. Deadly spiders and snakes in your house
Other countries have bears.
3. Long travel times to get across the country ...
Beats unbelievable travel times to get across the CBD
4. Inconvenient timezone
Inconvenient for you perhaps. I quite like it. Only have to deal with yanks in the early morning.
5. No decent sports leagues
Huh?
6. John Howard ... at least we can say Johnny acts that way because he's got his head stuck so far up Bush's arse - Bush has no excuse.
Tony Blair. No - you definitely win this one. Now if you were from the US
Rather than stinking up the place for everyone else (thank you for stopping BTW) - go and have a shower. Or basically, anything which relaxes you and takes your mind off the problem. I always get my best ideas in the shower.
...
You know, walking through a cloud of smoke to get into a building is nowhere near as bad as being stuck in a lift (elevator) with someone who's just had a smoke
That was for the senate.
For the non-Australians:
The senate is the upper house of parliament here.
In Australia you vote for all your state's available senate positions on a single paper. All the parties are presented with a box, as is each individual prospective senator.
You have two options - either vote for a *single* party (i.e. vote above the line - just one number) or number every candidate on the paper in order of preference (vote below the line).
The rules for candidacy have been tightened since then, and I believe there is discussion to introduce optional preferential voting. If this happens, you will be able to number only as many candidates below the line as you want. Once your preferences run out, your vote is discarded entirely. This allows people to make a protest vote, but then direct their vote to a major party, without having to number every other box. I hope it gets in.
Since we only vote for a single member of the lower house, I highly doubt optional preferential voting will be introduced for that - the largest number of candidates I've personally ever seen was about 10.
No - the median is the 50% point i.e. (excluding the single exact 50% point if there is one) 50% have equal to or below the median, and 50% have equal to above the median.
I'm pretty sure that at least 50% of people have 2 legs. This actually means that in this case, no matter what other data points there are (3 legs or more) the median and mode *must* be 2 (since 2 must contain the 50% data point).
Mythbusters busted that myth.
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B000 04ZBSX/sr=8-1/qid=1140553218/ref=pd_bbs_1/002-3361 972-4446416
Speaking as someone who's completed both Fallout 1&2 over 40 times each (and counting ...)
...
... I've done them all. I've completed games where I've killed every single person in every location. I've completed games where I personally haven't killed anyone directly. I've had games last as short as a few hours, and gams last over 100 hours.
It is entirely possible to complete FO2 using H2H - it's lots of fun too. First thing - aimed attacks on the arms
It's what I love about the Fallouts - you can play any way you want. Combat, diplomacy, good, evil, theft (for the most part)
You've obviously not been paying attention to any of the other posts. So I'll summarise for you:
h on (Games section).
http://wiki.python.org/moin/OrganizationsUsingPyt
You might want to read the rest of that page too.
I admit I'm biased - I have a gravestone in Arcanum ;) And the "occasional" remark was somewhat tongue-in-cheek ...
All three games are brilliant, with a few flaws that really hurt them. For ToEE, it's the severe lagging in the elemental nodes, and the fact that it's a hack-and-slash module. The overall gameplay is the best of any CRPG I've ever played (even better than Fallout 2) - in particular, the combat in ToEE is amazing, and the implementation of the radial menu is inspired. Arcanum is unbalanced (which I actually enjoy - I can play an easy game or hard game as I wish) - magic is much more powerful than tech for example - and the combat is less than perfect (esp. real-time and guns). Bloodlines has excessive requirements for "reasonable" gameplay - I had to upgrade to 768MB RAM to get hub load times down to 30 seconds (from approx 4 minutes) and a Radeon 9700 Pro to achieve 20+ FPS. And (as you noted) the game suffers in the latter stages of the game - contrast the Ocean House Hotel (or even Grout's mansion) with the endgames.
In all their projects, Troika were limited primarily by time - and as a result quality has suffered because they've tried to use the time available to fit as much in as possible. Inspiration has never really been a problem with these guys - which is why I think ToEE was actually a mistake. They would have been much better off *not* going with an established module (esp. a hack-and-slash one) but rather doing what they've always done best - develop their own strong story to build their world around.
At least with VTM:B they had a lot more creative control. For ToEE they were forced to do a hatchet job right near the end of development. They were even forced to remove a door in the temple because the module description included the phrase "faggots of wood". That's just ridiculous. Not to mention that pretty much all real options for playing as an evil party were trashed. One of the things I love most about playing Arcanum (and the Fallouts) is being able to play as a truly evil bastard - and still having the complete game available to me.
Thank goodness there are strong communities who have been willing to maintain and improve both VTM:B and ToEE (Arcanum modding never really took off, but it also didn't need it). They will never be the games they *should* have been, but I've spent many hours playing and replaying them (and just wish my video card hadn't packed it in as I want to replay Bloodlines again).
For all their flaws, I have spent more time playing the three Troika games + Fallout 1&2 than all other games combined. That's a pretty impressive record.
They're all lots of fun to play?
They all have fun and different ways of solving quests (yes - even ToEE)?
They all have extensive and loyal fan communities, both before release and after?
They all have very good gameplay (with occasional flaws)?
Ah - I've worked it out. They all had to be developed using the *publisher's* money and to the *publisher's* timeframe, because Troika didn't have enough money to independently develop these large and ambitious games themselves.
... on The Temple of Elemental Evil, good riddance.
I've played Fallout 1&2 to completion over 40 times each. Fastest runs in a few hours, longest in over 100 hours. I've played just about every type of character possible. And I *still* occasionally find something I didn't know about (although very rarely these days).
... again, lots of different characters.
...).
...). It doesn't matter what you do, you can still complete the game. But they still have strong storylines that you can (and eventually need to) follow.
I still remember the first time I finished Fallout with evil karma (or was it with a pistol in hand - same effect). Brilliant!
I've completed Arcanum about 10 times - definitely no sub-10-hour runs there
With all of them, I've played games where my sole aim was to depopulate every location (and succeeded). I've also played games where I haven't (directly) killed anyone (a chain of events resulting in a nuclear explosion does not constitute directly killing anyone
The amazing thing about all three games is that you can pretty much play however you like. Good, evil, melee, ranged, thief, sneaking, diplomatic, magic (Arcanum only), technological (Arcanum - obviously it's required in Fallout
http://www.google.com.au/search?q=python+new+style +classes
First link.
__init__ is an instance method. It is called passing the instance as the first parameter. It allows the instance to set itself up.
__new__ (for new-style classes) is a class method. It is called passing the class object for which an instance is to be constructed. (The class object itself is an instance of another class - its metaclass - but you don't need to worry about that for now).
So, for a new-style class, construction and initialisation is:__new__ receives the `klass` object as it's first (cls) argument, whilst __init__ receives the `instance` object as its first (self) argument.
Class methods are declared as:
There are a couple of caveats about using __del__.
1. Python has multiple implementations, using different garbage collectors. For example, the reference C python implementation uses reference counting, with periodic garbage cycle breaking, while Jython (Python on the Java VM) uses the JVM garbage collector. Whilst with CPython you can (usually) be sure that __del__ is called as soon as the last reference to the object goes away, in Jython that is not the case.
2. __del__ may not be called at all in some circumstances. For example, if you have a garbage cycle involving more than one object that implements __del__, the garbage collector cannot determine which must be called first, and so it doesn't guess.
3. By the time __del__ is called, some references it needs may have already been disposed of. There are methods for ensuring this does not happen, but it's easy to miss something.
In general, it's best not to rely on __del__, and use explicit resource deallocation. This will become much easier in Python 2.5 with the introduction of context managers and the `with` keyword.
Not correct.
;) which is the instance upon which the method was called.
*Instance* methods must have `self` (it can be renamed, but woe-betide any one who does so
*Class* methods must have `cls` which is the *class* object upon which the method was called.
*Static* methods don't have a mandatory first parameter.
Class and static methods are called in the same way, but class methods have the class object passed to them while static methods don't. It's very rare that you'll want to use a static method, as class methods can do everything static methods can and more, but there are circumstances where you may prefer to. In any case, switching between them is transparent to calling code.