The last election cycle was "Are Russian hackers powerful enough to make Americans vote for Orange Hair Small Hands, Esq.?" The answer is a resounding YES.
Obviously not too late to impeach TRUMP and replace him with the one true leader, Hillary R. Cliton.
More malware is circulating around. It would *not* be circulating around if RUSSIANS had not medalled in American elections and given Donald TRUMP the rightful votes which Hillary should have had. Instead of Hillary doing the right thing and putting an end to Russia once and for all, we have Russian hackers and malware on the loose. And TRUMP treats the world like his own game show, The Apprentice.
Fascinating post, article and lots of good comments on this - thank you.
With the caveat that I don't know what I'm talking about [ ! ] the article got me thinking about the way that our senses operate differently at altitude. Essentially, this means, "at a significantly different atmospheric pressure"... So obviously the first thin to think about is : what, exactly, is that pressure difference? Well, according to this calculator, at mide.com,
A "typical" air pressure at sea level might be 101.325kPa[kiloPascals], in which case the corresponding air pressure at 8,000ft would be approximately 75,250 kPa - which is approximately 75% of sea level pressure. OK, for a "starting point", I'd hope we'd agree that this delta is sufficient for physical and chemical reactions to be potentially altered.
Then I got to thinking about passengers from a physiological perspective. Essentially, the human being is a mass of semi-permiable membranes. Yes, there is plenty of chemistry going on within us - turning foods into energy, for example - but it also stands to reason that our 5 senses are going to be quite sensitive to changes in pressure... For example - a reduced atmospheric pressure will mean that inhalations bring fewer air molecules in to our lungs, which would also surely involve changes in our sense of smell. OK, I don't know how pressure differential would impact the dispersal of scent chemicals in a gas mix, but there is likely to be a difference...
Our sense of taste is going to be based on diffusion and/or osmosis, as the chemical trace signatures of what we eat are absorbed and processed by the cells in our taste buds. But of course the actual mechanics of tasting are going to be based on chemicals being transferred into saliva and then offered up to the taste processing centres on our tongues. Whether the underlying processes are osmosis or diffusion, or a mix or variation is almost secondary to the point that there will be something like this underpinning the necessary chemistry that drives the sense of taste. Mess with partial pressures, absorption rates, osmosis or diffusion rates and it rather makes sense.
If we were sensitive enough, we might even expect to witness a very slight change in the sense of touch... Just as we know that limbs can swell in low pressure, so sub-cutaneous blood capillaries are going to change and this should impact our touch. Would sight be impacted? Perhaps, if the lower atmospheric pressure caused a slight outward swelling of our eyes?
The thing that really interests me, though is the comment from TheRaven64, where they observe that Gin & Tonic is "one of the few alcoholic beverages that tastes better at low air pressure." Describing something as "tasting better" is way too subjective for us to be likely to reach a consensus upon, but the observation of the change, alone, might be enough to suggest that there could be ways of compensating for altitude-related changes to our senses by altering the composition or chemistry of what we eat...
Lastly - just as a final thought - I wonder if gravity [or the absence of it] plays a part in our senses too? OK, so the reduction in the gravity we experience between sea level and 40,000ft might not be enough of a difference, but we could theoretically extrapolate by looking at feedback from astronauts as to whether ultra-low gravity environments impact their senses... I'd be very interested to know if we've got any readers who can better explain the relationship between the change in what we sense during a flight and the environmental impact on our physiology - I've just been guessing in this post, but suspect there's some pretty interesting material here somewhere...
Agreed. Russians are subsidizing dildo manufacturers to sell dildos at far below manufacturing cost for the sole purpose of flooding the American markets with many dildos. Metrosexuals are occupied putting on make-up and stuffing themselves full of dildos. The rest of the population listens to KGB-installed DONALD TRUMP telling lies about how great America is.
Get off Slashdot. We do not like your uneducated type here. Fortunately for you you are in the minority. Go back to Info Wars or Brightbart or wherever you came from, troll.
There is ample proof because of Russian smoking of once past American tobacco brands that they purchased such brands and turned the tables against Americans to soft kill them with cancer through the vehicle of smoking current American brand tobacco. Unfortunately, Donald TRUMP has tried true to dismiss all allegations against him and has thrown up a smoke screen of anti Russian propaganda while Putin is making his next moves because Hillary's election results were hacked into by his KGB agents.
Slashdot Mirror
The last election cycle was "Are Russian hackers powerful enough to make Americans vote for Orange Hair Small Hands, Esq.?" The answer is a resounding YES.
Obviously not too late to impeach TRUMP and replace him with the one true leader, Hillary R. Cliton.
More malware is circulating around. It would *not* be circulating around if RUSSIANS had not medalled in American elections and given Donald TRUMP the rightful votes which Hillary should have had. Instead of Hillary doing the right thing and putting an end to Russia once and for all, we have Russian hackers and malware on the loose. And TRUMP treats the world like his own game show, The Apprentice.
- msmash
Fascinating post, article and lots of good comments on this - thank you.
With the caveat that I don't know what I'm talking about [ ! ] the article got me thinking about the way that our senses operate differently at altitude. Essentially, this means, "at a significantly different atmospheric pressure"... So obviously the first thin to think about is : what, exactly, is that pressure difference? Well, according to this calculator, at mide.com,
Link
A "typical" air pressure at sea level might be 101.325kPa[kiloPascals], in which case the corresponding air pressure at 8,000ft would be approximately 75,250 kPa - which is approximately 75% of sea level pressure. OK, for a "starting point", I'd hope we'd agree that this delta is sufficient for physical and chemical reactions to be potentially altered.
Then I got to thinking about passengers from a physiological perspective. Essentially, the human being is a mass of semi-permiable membranes. Yes, there is plenty of chemistry going on within us - turning foods into energy, for example - but it also stands to reason that our 5 senses are going to be quite sensitive to changes in pressure... For example - a reduced atmospheric pressure will mean that inhalations bring fewer air molecules in to our lungs, which would also surely involve changes in our sense of smell. OK, I don't know how pressure differential would impact the dispersal of scent chemicals in a gas mix, but there is likely to be a difference...
Our sense of taste is going to be based on diffusion and/or osmosis, as the chemical trace signatures of what we eat are absorbed and processed by the cells in our taste buds. But of course the actual mechanics of tasting are going to be based on chemicals being transferred into saliva and then offered up to the taste processing centres on our tongues. Whether the underlying processes are osmosis or diffusion, or a mix or variation is almost secondary to the point that there will be something like this underpinning the necessary chemistry that drives the sense of taste. Mess with partial pressures, absorption rates, osmosis or diffusion rates and it rather makes sense.
If we were sensitive enough, we might even expect to witness a very slight change in the sense of touch... Just as we know that limbs can swell in low pressure, so sub-cutaneous blood capillaries are going to change and this should impact our touch. Would sight be impacted? Perhaps, if the lower atmospheric pressure caused a slight outward swelling of our eyes?
The thing that really interests me, though is the comment from TheRaven64, where they observe that Gin & Tonic is "one of the few alcoholic beverages that tastes better at low air pressure." Describing something as "tasting better" is way too subjective for us to be likely to reach a consensus upon, but the observation of the change, alone, might be enough to suggest that there could be ways of compensating for altitude-related changes to our senses by altering the composition or chemistry of what we eat...
Lastly - just as a final thought - I wonder if gravity [or the absence of it] plays a part in our senses too? OK, so the reduction in the gravity we experience between sea level and 40,000ft might not be enough of a difference, but we could theoretically extrapolate by looking at feedback from astronauts as to whether ultra-low gravity environments impact their senses... I'd be very interested to know if we've got any readers who can better explain the relationship between the change in what we sense during a flight and the environmental impact on our physiology - I've just been guessing in this post, but suspect there's some pretty interesting material here somewhere...
Agreed. Russians are subsidizing dildo manufacturers to sell dildos at far below manufacturing cost for the sole purpose of flooding the American markets with many dildos. Metrosexuals are occupied putting on make-up and stuffing themselves full of dildos. The rest of the population listens to KGB-installed DONALD TRUMP telling lies about how great America is.
Shut up AC.
If
you
don't
have
some
thing
constructive
to
say
then
do
not
say
it
!
Get off Slashdot. We do not like your uneducated type here. Fortunately for you you are in the minority. Go back to Info Wars or Brightbart or wherever you came from, troll.
There is ample proof because of Russian smoking of once past American tobacco brands that they purchased such brands and turned the tables against Americans to soft kill them with cancer through the vehicle of smoking current American brand tobacco. Unfortunately, Donald TRUMP has tried true to dismiss all allegations against him and has thrown up a smoke screen of anti Russian propaganda while Putin is making his next moves because Hillary's election results were hacked into by his KGB agents.
Donald TRUMP has no problem with Nazism or genocide of Koreans and African Americans. Contemplate that for a while, child.