From my college-level organic chemistry II class, I can tell you that NaBH4 is frequently used as a cheap method to hydrogenate compounds, especially ones with carbonyl groups (>C=O). You take some unsaturated compound, add NaBH4, cook it up a little bit and you get the corresponding saturated compound. A compound often used in a similar way is LiAlH4 (Lithium Aluminum Hydride or LAH). Both of these compounds are widely used in the chemical industry as reagents in hydrogenation because they provide an inexpensive source of densely packed hydrogen in a form that is easy to store and use. In order to hydrogenate a compound using H2, one must apply intense heat/pressure and use a catalyst, usually nickel or platinum. This direct method is rather expensive (gotta have a well-built reaction vessel to withstand the reaction conditions). Anyway, my point is that NaBH4/LiAlH4 are both rather widely available to the chemical industry and could conceivably be used as sources of romm temperature hydrogen to power fuel cells provided someone can come up with a method to efficiently extract the hydrogen directly in the fuel cell for use as fuel without going through the whole process of
NaBH4 + unsat'd organic => sat'd organic and then extracting the H2 from the resulting saturated compound. Currently, most research into fuel cells involve extracting H2 from some hydrocarbon (such as CH3OH - methanol or CH3CH2OH - ethanol), and so there would be no benefit to creating the saturated hydrocarbon in the fuel cell only to react it later, which is why there must be a method to extract the H from NaBH4/LiAlH4 directly in order for those compounds to be useful as sources of hydrogen. If this could be found, though, potentially there could be a huge shift in the balance of power (so to speak) in the fuel cell industry.
A fluid is any material which flows. This includes both liquids which have a defined volume but not a defined shape and gases which have neither a defined volume nor a defined shape.
What about all the merchandise that *won't* be sold if AOTC sucks, much as there are still warehouses full of TPM stuff. It seems to me that a more credible source of lost revenue would be the *unsold* merchandise because *somebody* had to pay to make all of it. If they then don't sell it, they've lost money. However, as has been mentioned elsewhere, most employers have sick/vacation/personal days that are used for this sort of thing.
The unit used was tonnes, not tons. 1 tonne = 1000 kg (i.e. it's 1 metric ton), not 1 U.S. ton. You also have to realize that the British define 1 billion to be 1e12 (1 million squared), not 1e9 (1000 million), as we Americans do (Source: Elementary Principles of Chemical Engineering, Felder and Rousseau, 3rd Ed.). Therefore, it's a lot more ice than it sounds like. Using these definitions, the mass of the ice is approximately 5e23 kg of ice, which if it melted would create 5e20 m^3 of water or 1.32e23 gallons.
Actuaaly, it depends on the usage with a collective noun such as university. If the university is acting as one body then it takes a singular verb. However, if each member is acting seperately then it takes the plural form of the verb.
Even I can do it and I'm neither a computer scientist nor a math major. All you do is notice that the underlined portion is a web adress which happens to match the web address for the university. Then you can see the pattern which is a numerical representation in base 4 of the letters where a=1 and z=26. It's then only a matter of substituting the 3-digit codes for their respective letters.
This is an interesting idea, and was dealt with to an extent by Isaac Asimov in his book Foundation. It describes how a planet with no natural resources was able to protect itself and create an empire through technological, political, miliatary, economical, and religous domination of other planets.
Slashdot Mirror
From my college-level organic chemistry II class, I can tell you that NaBH4 is frequently used as a cheap method to hydrogenate compounds, especially ones with carbonyl groups (>C=O). You take some unsaturated compound, add NaBH4, cook it up a little bit and you get the corresponding saturated compound. A compound often used in a similar way is LiAlH4 (Lithium Aluminum Hydride or LAH). Both of these compounds are widely used in the chemical industry as reagents in hydrogenation because they provide an inexpensive source of densely packed hydrogen in a form that is easy to store and use. In order to hydrogenate a compound using H2, one must apply intense heat/pressure and use a catalyst, usually nickel or platinum. This direct method is rather expensive (gotta have a well-built reaction vessel to withstand the reaction conditions). Anyway, my point is that NaBH4/LiAlH4 are both rather widely available to the chemical industry and could conceivably be used as sources of romm temperature hydrogen to power fuel cells provided someone can come up with a method to efficiently extract the hydrogen directly in the fuel cell for use as fuel without going through the whole process of
NaBH4 + unsat'd organic => sat'd organic
and then extracting the H2 from the resulting saturated compound. Currently, most research into fuel cells involve extracting H2 from some hydrocarbon (such as CH3OH - methanol or CH3CH2OH - ethanol), and so there would be no benefit to creating the saturated hydrocarbon in the fuel cell only to react it later, which is why there must be a method to extract the H from NaBH4/LiAlH4 directly in order for those compounds to be useful as sources of hydrogen. If this could be found, though, potentially there could be a huge shift in the balance of power (so to speak) in the fuel cell industry.
as blackBOMB?
A fluid is any material which flows. This includes both liquids which have a defined volume but not a defined shape and gases which have neither a defined volume nor a defined shape.
As a reference, the viscosity of water is 1 centipoise (1x10^-2 poise).
Yeah, and now the three most polluting cities in the world will be destroyed.
High Price.
What about all the merchandise that *won't* be sold if AOTC sucks, much as there are still warehouses full of TPM stuff. It seems to me that a more credible source of lost revenue would be the *unsold* merchandise because *somebody* had to pay to make all of it. If they then don't sell it, they've lost money. However, as has been mentioned elsewhere, most employers have sick/vacation/personal days that are used for this sort of thing.
The unit used was tonnes, not tons. 1 tonne = 1000 kg (i.e. it's 1 metric ton), not 1 U.S. ton. You also have to realize that the British define 1 billion to be 1e12 (1 million squared), not 1e9 (1000 million), as we Americans do (Source: Elementary Principles of Chemical Engineering, Felder and Rousseau, 3rd Ed.). Therefore, it's a lot more ice than it sounds like. Using these definitions, the mass of the ice is approximately 5e23 kg of ice, which if it melted would create 5e20 m^3 of water or 1.32e23 gallons.
Actuaaly, it depends on the usage with a collective noun such as university. If the university is acting as one body then it takes a singular verb. However, if each member is acting seperately then it takes the plural form of the verb.
Even I can do it and I'm neither a computer scientist nor a math major. All you do is notice that the underlined portion is a web adress which happens to match the web address for the university. Then you can see the pattern which is a numerical representation in base 4 of the letters where a=1 and z=26. It's then only a matter of substituting the 3-digit codes for their respective letters.
This is an interesting idea, and was dealt with to an extent by Isaac Asimov in his book Foundation. It describes how a planet with no natural resources was able to protect itself and create an empire through technological, political, miliatary, economical, and religous domination of other planets.