It's considerably easier to be a straight-A student than it is to be a good doctor.
Perhaps, although I'd debate that to some extent. What about being a doctor is actually that hard? It seems like the hardest part of it is not killing patients at the end of a 16 hour shift - something that is a result of medical tradition more than the nature of medicine.
Also - when a medical school has 10,000 applicants for 300 seats, I doubt that the selection criteria really picked the only 100 people who were actually going to end up being good doctors from the pool.
The system is clearly engineered to maintain artificial scarcity. Medical schools themselves are designed to select for people who are like the people who run them - people that can come across as being competent despite working 30 hours straight, and all the other nonsense that the medical profession puts people through. I'm sure I'd make a good doctor but there is no way I'd ever sign up for that...
I think some of the objection is that Ubuntu takes 300GB of source code written by others, adds probably 10MB of source they've written, does some QA, and distributes it for a profit, giving very little back to those who wrote the original 300GB.
How much money does the guy who contributed 1000 lines to gcc get from the Ubuntu mp3 store? I doubt the store would work if it weren't for gcc building their code, or whatever.
Lots of people contribute to FOSS for the fun of it, and they don't really expect anything in return. That doesn't mean that they don't get upset when somebody else takes their work, puts it in a shiny box, and then claims virtually all the value.
It is particularly hard to Debian devs, since they provide half of the QA and packaging that ends up in Ubuntu, which is a big part of their value add.
Is this entirely fair to Ubuntu? Well, I'd say no, as creating that level of polish isn't easy - they really are doing real work and deserve a profit for it. However, it is hard when the average newbie to linux knows they run Ubuntu but has never heard of mplayer or glibc, even though they use it all the time. The guy who cleans the drums for Metallica doesn't get a share in the fame either, but at least they get paid for it.
I appreciate what Ubunutu has done. However, it is hard to really identify with a commercial distro that is about consumer polish, when most of my FOSS work is more about tinkering and technology. It is just a different world.
Your honor, I know I was caught giving a suitcase of money to a judge in exchange for his dismissing the case against me, but Haliburton gives lots of money to Senators in exchange for no-bid contracts all the time, so can't you let me get away with it too?
The point wasn't that bribery and murder were similar crimes. My point was that simply because other people get away with it, doesn't mean that it is acceptable. Even if lobbying happens to be legal right now, it doesn't mean that using government resources to influence the decisions of elected officials isn't wrong.
Maybe he figured he doesn't really have anything to lose at this point.
Maybe he's right, maybe he's wrong. He probably just reads all those headlines about some kind running gnutella or whatever and getting sued for $800k and figures there's no way he'll get off any easier than that. What's the difference if you owe somebody a million dollars or a billion dollars? Either way you have to declare bankruptcy or whatever, and your life is pretty-much lousy for a decade.
The sad thing is that if he burned down the Sony headquarters on the way to the trial about the only difference it might make is that they'd feed him three meals a day while he waits for his credit report to clear itself up. Compared to copyright violation arson is probably considered a minor offense.
Granted, this is all from a US perspective - likely in Germany things are better.
It might not be ethical, but how is this different than organizations that lobby congress?
Well, in terms of being unethical, it clearly isn't any different from organizations that lobby congress. I'm not sure how that makes it OK.
Your honor, I realize I killed that guy in cold blood, but people with more influence than I get off on technicalities all the time, so you should let me go too...
However, if it makes you feel better, I'm fine with banning lobbyists as well.
Yup, especially since LOFAR used to refer to a type of sonobouy used by the US Navy... It probably is still in use (although those were older designs even in the 80s/90s - so maybe they moved on).
So, these are all arguments for banning summer hours entirely, and not for making it two hours vs one.
I'm in full support of getting rid of summer hours / DST for all the reasons you suggest. I don't like the idea of a two-hour jump, because it still has all the costs associated with having any change at all, and yet it puts the country that much more out of sync with how everybody else does things.
Well, they wouldn't be meeting at either 10PM or 11PM - they would be meeting in the local afternoon. The suggestion was to come in an hour earlier, and my point was that if anything they'd have to stay an hour later.
The problem is that most business/etc follow the local time. Sure, having to be at work at 6AM is the same whether you call it 6AM or 8AM. However, if the bus picks up your kids at 7AM then in practice it makes a really big difference whether you need to leave at 5:30 or 7:30 to get to work, even if they're really the same physical time.
Yes, there is. It's called "channels". A channel is set such that the signal-to-noise is maximised and you can reliably tell the signal from the rest of the radio noise.
Uh, two devices cannot use the same channel at the same time without interfering. I wasn't trying to suggest that it was impossible to have more than two radio transceivers in the entire universe.
You can have 500 devices in a room communicating over a cable on a 500MHz carrier without any interference if you have 250 cable segments between them. The same is not true of wireless transmissions, and that was my point.
Ahem.
Signals sent from inside a Faraday cage get out just fine.
Uh, ever use a microwave oven without burning your face when you look through the glass?
Uh, So that he can chat with his colleagues in San Francisco at 10PM instead of 11PM at night (their time)?
If you are a consultant then you do business on your customers hours. Those are fixed by the times in the country you do business with. If your own government sets crazy DST rules you just get to be the big bad boss who schedules his employees to work until 6PM.
Agreed on this one - best of both worlds. Go ahead and reboot - and if that turns out to be a mistake just restore the snapshot and you didn't reboot after all...:)
Agreed. Utilities are supposed to be boring. The ISP should be guaranteed a few percent profit margin, on a set of services specified by the community. Prices will be set based on reasonable and customary costs - and the government sets the prices.
I'd also ban vertical integration - nobody who broadcasts any content would be allowed to own a data line. The lines should be spun off into a company that just runs pipes, period.
The content providers are then completely free of regulation and can sell consumers anything they can convince the consumers to buy. The consumers get one bill from their cable TV provider, and another bill for the number of GB of data that they streamed from the company running the wire.
Nobody is saying that it has to be flat rate. The only thing that is being argued is that the rate should not depend on the nature of the data being transmitted, or who the two parties communicating are.
If they wanted to charge by the byte, that would be fine.
But, let's remember that utilities are monopolies, and let's go ahead and regulate what that per-byte rate is so that we don't have the nonsense we have with the cell phone companies.
We know that it takes an infinite amount of time from our point of view for a piece of matter to fall one inch beyond the event horizon.
We also know that it takes a finite amount of time from our point of view for the entire black hole to evaporate into Hawking radiation.
So, doesn't it stand to reason that even internally a black hole evaporates before its interior evolves at all? If somebody fell into a very large black hole is it unreasonable for them to see the event horizon shrinking right around them as quickly as they fall in such that they just get radiated out into space as black body radiation completely at the moment they reach the center?
What I don't know is how to explain that from the point of view of the observer entering a large black hole such that both depictions describe the same reality. Mathematically can you show that the passage of time for the observer falling in results in them falling at the same rate as the contraction of the event horizon from Hawking radiation?
You're arguing extremes. You don't need to have extended sex scenes bordering on pornography to depict most of the things you describe. PG-13 movies have sex scenes all the time. You just need to be creative about what you actually show, and not go overboard on it.
Hey, I still enjoyed the movie, and occasionally watch it again on video. It just isn't any mystery to me why the average red-state American didn't show up.
Uh, why does an app store or whatever need to set up a TOS on software they distribute? Why not just distribute the software and what the user does with it is on them?
If you're afraid that they'll abuse your mobile network or whatever, you already have a remedy - you just suspend customer accounts, block traffic, or stop distributing the app - since your wireless service has its own TOS that has nothing to do with the software.
Again, I'd argue that the GPL is doing exactly what it was intended to do here. If you want to use my code in your project, then you can't place restrictions on how your users use my code (it is still my code even if you borrow some of it and add to it).
What does interference from other devices have to do with anything?
Interference has everything to do with it, although it primarily isn't from other devices in the case of this article. Interference is the reason that speeds are what they are. In this case, it is self-interference that prevents the receiver from listening to the remote transmitter when the devices own transmitter is operating.
However, you were going on about how switches allow devices to utilize the full bandwidth of a wire without fear of collisions. There is no analogue to this in the wireless world - radio waves propagate from the transmitter to the other end of the universe, always (theoretically even if they are sent from within a Faraday cage if you ever open it up later).
Most full-drive encryption systems used in corporations use TPM to secure the key. No human being knows what it is, although optionally the corporation might retain a copy on a secure server somewhere.
With TPM you can actually encrypt a hard drive such that you can boot it without any passwords normally, but if you remove the drive or boot from alternate media you cannot read the drive. The only way to circumvent it is to attack the TPM chip, which of course is specifically designed to resist any kind of attack. The TPM only gives away the key if requested by the software that generated the key, as certified by a trusted boot chain.
It cannot be perfect, but it is very strong. And, if all you have is the hard drive then the key isn't stored on the drive at all, which does make it as strong as the applied crypto (which still can have weaknesses).
Uh, what he was proposing was something like Sparkle. App registers with the OS with an RSS feed. App owner publishes to RSS feed, app gets updated, maybe with user confirmation first.
The problem with apps that update themselves, is that they can only do that when they're running, and as local admin. I don't like apps that run all the time - I don't need to have QuickTime running the 99.999% of the time that I'm using my computer and NOT watching a quicktime video. I certainly don't need to have it running to check for updates the 99.999% of the time that there is no update available.
If the OS had a central update mechanism, then once a day/hour/whatever it could check all the feeds. You would have one lightweight service running all the time, at most. Or, maybe it runs as a scheduled task with zero overhead when not running. The user could go to one place and see what his update statuses are.
MS doesn't even do this well for their own apps. I gave up on Office ages ago because figuring out if I was properly patched was a royal pain. With openoffice I just check for updates in the menus. Then again, openoffice doesn't need to make it hard to get updates in order to vet users and punish those who haven't paid for it.
There is no reason you need a linux-like package manager to do all of this. You can still do this in a decentralized way. However, you still need a central API to manage things.
Something more android-like that sandboxes apps would be even better - even without an app store. You would have guaranteed clean uninstalls that way, and would never have app conflicts.
So, clearly the triangle does. However, extended sexual activity between them isn't really necessary to advance the story.
It seems a bit out-of-place (writers having fantasies, perhaps?), but perhaps its biggest negative impact is the legions of people who wouldn't end up seeing the movie as a result of it being there.
I distribute software, with source. Court tells me I can't give away the source any more for some reason, so I don't distribute the software any more. Boom - I don't violate the law. The only issue that might come up is if somebody I distributed the software to in the past asks for the source. In that case I probably refuse their request, and I doubt anybody could do anything to me about it since I am doing so in compliance with a court order. What court is going to punish you for obeying a court order? At most they might vacate the first order and then tell you to do something else in another?
Section 12 is only an issue if somebody wants to try to find some reason to redistribute GPL software without otherwise obeying the terms of the license, or using measures like patents/etc to distribute software but not allow others to do the same. The bottom line is that if you are interested in distributing encumbered technology, then you can't make any use of GPL v3 code.
The biggest problem with GPL v3 is that there is already a ton of stuff out there under GPL v2 so people don't really have to accept the new version to get things done. Maybe in 10 years choosing to not license under GPL v3 will be more painful, much like refusing to go with GPL v2 is today. Over time quite a library of code will build up on v3+ and your choice then becomes to reinvent the wheel, or comply. Either is fine with FOSS advocates.
Wouldn't the internal structure of a black hole vary with time - and not just trivially?
After all, it takes from now until the end of the universe for something to fall into the event horizon of a black hole, from our perspective.
Doesn't that mean that right now every black hole out there is just a neutron star with one extra electron an infinitesimal distance inside the event horizon radius? Sure, it will become a singularity - but from our perspective perhaps not before it evaporates.
Now, from the perspective of somebody falling into the black hole they'd just fall and fall and hit a singularity in the middle, or maybe they would find themselves evaporating into Hawking radiation right before they get there or something - only moments later by their measure.
Is there really anything that suggests that black holes even have to have a central structure? What if they just evaporate before they even change from the moment they form?
Sure, to late teenage guys who don't have parents who forbid them from seeing it, or girlfriends. There are quite a few of them. Most won't see it more than once. Some under 25-ers might also see it.
When you're making a movie that costs tens of millions of dollars or more, it isn't great to start out by eliminating anybody with kids or a significant other from your potential audience.
Watchmen did offer more than just sex scenes, which is why it didn't absolutely crater. However, most of the elements that got it the R rating were really things that didn't advance the movie. I mean, I don't mind the odd sex scene but I really don't need a cheesy porno flick in the middle of the film that really has nothing to do with the plot.
No, all they need to do is put a field on the submission form to upload the source, or have a link to them (and just make sure the link returns something valid). They can require compliance with this in the form.
But, you ask, what keeps somebody from putting a bogus link in the form with the wrong source and getting MS in trouble. The answer is simple - the same thing that keeps somebody from uploading GPL software in the first place contrary to the legal agreement - nothing at all.
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It's considerably easier to be a straight-A student than it is to be a good doctor.
Perhaps, although I'd debate that to some extent. What about being a doctor is actually that hard? It seems like the hardest part of it is not killing patients at the end of a 16 hour shift - something that is a result of medical tradition more than the nature of medicine.
Also - when a medical school has 10,000 applicants for 300 seats, I doubt that the selection criteria really picked the only 100 people who were actually going to end up being good doctors from the pool.
The system is clearly engineered to maintain artificial scarcity. Medical schools themselves are designed to select for people who are like the people who run them - people that can come across as being competent despite working 30 hours straight, and all the other nonsense that the medical profession puts people through. I'm sure I'd make a good doctor but there is no way I'd ever sign up for that...
I think some of the objection is that Ubuntu takes 300GB of source code written by others, adds probably 10MB of source they've written, does some QA, and distributes it for a profit, giving very little back to those who wrote the original 300GB.
How much money does the guy who contributed 1000 lines to gcc get from the Ubuntu mp3 store? I doubt the store would work if it weren't for gcc building their code, or whatever.
Lots of people contribute to FOSS for the fun of it, and they don't really expect anything in return. That doesn't mean that they don't get upset when somebody else takes their work, puts it in a shiny box, and then claims virtually all the value.
It is particularly hard to Debian devs, since they provide half of the QA and packaging that ends up in Ubuntu, which is a big part of their value add.
Is this entirely fair to Ubuntu? Well, I'd say no, as creating that level of polish isn't easy - they really are doing real work and deserve a profit for it. However, it is hard when the average newbie to linux knows they run Ubuntu but has never heard of mplayer or glibc, even though they use it all the time. The guy who cleans the drums for Metallica doesn't get a share in the fame either, but at least they get paid for it.
I appreciate what Ubunutu has done. However, it is hard to really identify with a commercial distro that is about consumer polish, when most of my FOSS work is more about tinkering and technology. It is just a different world.
Ok, so we'll leave the BIOS as a standard item in PCs that come equipped with ISA or MFM drive controller cards. :)
Ok, how about this one:
Your honor, I know I was caught giving a suitcase of money to a judge in exchange for his dismissing the case against me, but Haliburton gives lots of money to Senators in exchange for no-bid contracts all the time, so can't you let me get away with it too?
The point wasn't that bribery and murder were similar crimes. My point was that simply because other people get away with it, doesn't mean that it is acceptable. Even if lobbying happens to be legal right now, it doesn't mean that using government resources to influence the decisions of elected officials isn't wrong.
Maybe he figured he doesn't really have anything to lose at this point.
Maybe he's right, maybe he's wrong. He probably just reads all those headlines about some kind running gnutella or whatever and getting sued for $800k and figures there's no way he'll get off any easier than that. What's the difference if you owe somebody a million dollars or a billion dollars? Either way you have to declare bankruptcy or whatever, and your life is pretty-much lousy for a decade.
The sad thing is that if he burned down the Sony headquarters on the way to the trial about the only difference it might make is that they'd feed him three meals a day while he waits for his credit report to clear itself up. Compared to copyright violation arson is probably considered a minor offense.
Granted, this is all from a US perspective - likely in Germany things are better.
It might not be ethical, but how is this different than organizations that lobby congress?
Well, in terms of being unethical, it clearly isn't any different from organizations that lobby congress. I'm not sure how that makes it OK.
Your honor, I realize I killed that guy in cold blood, but people with more influence than I get off on technicalities all the time, so you should let me go too...
However, if it makes you feel better, I'm fine with banning lobbyists as well.
Yup, especially since LOFAR used to refer to a type of sonobouy used by the US Navy... It probably is still in use (although those were older designs even in the 80s/90s - so maybe they moved on).
So, these are all arguments for banning summer hours entirely, and not for making it two hours vs one.
I'm in full support of getting rid of summer hours / DST for all the reasons you suggest. I don't like the idea of a two-hour jump, because it still has all the costs associated with having any change at all, and yet it puts the country that much more out of sync with how everybody else does things.
Well, they wouldn't be meeting at either 10PM or 11PM - they would be meeting in the local afternoon. The suggestion was to come in an hour earlier, and my point was that if anything they'd have to stay an hour later.
The problem is that most business/etc follow the local time. Sure, having to be at work at 6AM is the same whether you call it 6AM or 8AM. However, if the bus picks up your kids at 7AM then in practice it makes a really big difference whether you need to leave at 5:30 or 7:30 to get to work, even if they're really the same physical time.
Yes, there is. It's called "channels". A channel is set such that the signal-to-noise is maximised and you can reliably tell the signal from the rest of the radio noise.
Uh, two devices cannot use the same channel at the same time without interfering. I wasn't trying to suggest that it was impossible to have more than two radio transceivers in the entire universe.
You can have 500 devices in a room communicating over a cable on a 500MHz carrier without any interference if you have 250 cable segments between them. The same is not true of wireless transmissions, and that was my point.
Ahem.
Signals sent from inside a Faraday cage get out just fine.
Uh, ever use a microwave oven without burning your face when you look through the glass?
Uh, So that he can chat with his colleagues in San Francisco at 10PM instead of 11PM at night (their time)?
If you are a consultant then you do business on your customers hours. Those are fixed by the times in the country you do business with. If your own government sets crazy DST rules you just get to be the big bad boss who schedules his employees to work until 6PM.
Agreed on this one - best of both worlds. Go ahead and reboot - and if that turns out to be a mistake just restore the snapshot and you didn't reboot after all... :)
Agreed. Utilities are supposed to be boring. The ISP should be guaranteed a few percent profit margin, on a set of services specified by the community. Prices will be set based on reasonable and customary costs - and the government sets the prices.
I'd also ban vertical integration - nobody who broadcasts any content would be allowed to own a data line. The lines should be spun off into a company that just runs pipes, period.
The content providers are then completely free of regulation and can sell consumers anything they can convince the consumers to buy. The consumers get one bill from their cable TV provider, and another bill for the number of GB of data that they streamed from the company running the wire.
Nobody is saying that it has to be flat rate. The only thing that is being argued is that the rate should not depend on the nature of the data being transmitted, or who the two parties communicating are.
If they wanted to charge by the byte, that would be fine.
But, let's remember that utilities are monopolies, and let's go ahead and regulate what that per-byte rate is so that we don't have the nonsense we have with the cell phone companies.
Here is another way of looking at my argument:
We know that it takes an infinite amount of time from our point of view for a piece of matter to fall one inch beyond the event horizon.
We also know that it takes a finite amount of time from our point of view for the entire black hole to evaporate into Hawking radiation.
So, doesn't it stand to reason that even internally a black hole evaporates before its interior evolves at all? If somebody fell into a very large black hole is it unreasonable for them to see the event horizon shrinking right around them as quickly as they fall in such that they just get radiated out into space as black body radiation completely at the moment they reach the center?
What I don't know is how to explain that from the point of view of the observer entering a large black hole such that both depictions describe the same reality. Mathematically can you show that the passage of time for the observer falling in results in them falling at the same rate as the contraction of the event horizon from Hawking radiation?
You're arguing extremes. You don't need to have extended sex scenes bordering on pornography to depict most of the things you describe. PG-13 movies have sex scenes all the time. You just need to be creative about what you actually show, and not go overboard on it.
Hey, I still enjoyed the movie, and occasionally watch it again on video. It just isn't any mystery to me why the average red-state American didn't show up.
Uh, why does an app store or whatever need to set up a TOS on software they distribute? Why not just distribute the software and what the user does with it is on them?
If you're afraid that they'll abuse your mobile network or whatever, you already have a remedy - you just suspend customer accounts, block traffic, or stop distributing the app - since your wireless service has its own TOS that has nothing to do with the software.
Again, I'd argue that the GPL is doing exactly what it was intended to do here. If you want to use my code in your project, then you can't place restrictions on how your users use my code (it is still my code even if you borrow some of it and add to it).
What does interference from other devices have to do with anything?
Interference has everything to do with it, although it primarily isn't from other devices in the case of this article. Interference is the reason that speeds are what they are. In this case, it is self-interference that prevents the receiver from listening to the remote transmitter when the devices own transmitter is operating.
However, you were going on about how switches allow devices to utilize the full bandwidth of a wire without fear of collisions. There is no analogue to this in the wireless world - radio waves propagate from the transmitter to the other end of the universe, always (theoretically even if they are sent from within a Faraday cage if you ever open it up later).
Most full-drive encryption systems used in corporations use TPM to secure the key. No human being knows what it is, although optionally the corporation might retain a copy on a secure server somewhere.
With TPM you can actually encrypt a hard drive such that you can boot it without any passwords normally, but if you remove the drive or boot from alternate media you cannot read the drive. The only way to circumvent it is to attack the TPM chip, which of course is specifically designed to resist any kind of attack. The TPM only gives away the key if requested by the software that generated the key, as certified by a trusted boot chain.
It cannot be perfect, but it is very strong. And, if all you have is the hard drive then the key isn't stored on the drive at all, which does make it as strong as the applied crypto (which still can have weaknesses).
Uh, what he was proposing was something like Sparkle. App registers with the OS with an RSS feed. App owner publishes to RSS feed, app gets updated, maybe with user confirmation first.
The problem with apps that update themselves, is that they can only do that when they're running, and as local admin. I don't like apps that run all the time - I don't need to have QuickTime running the 99.999% of the time that I'm using my computer and NOT watching a quicktime video. I certainly don't need to have it running to check for updates the 99.999% of the time that there is no update available.
If the OS had a central update mechanism, then once a day/hour/whatever it could check all the feeds. You would have one lightweight service running all the time, at most. Or, maybe it runs as a scheduled task with zero overhead when not running. The user could go to one place and see what his update statuses are.
MS doesn't even do this well for their own apps. I gave up on Office ages ago because figuring out if I was properly patched was a royal pain. With openoffice I just check for updates in the menus. Then again, openoffice doesn't need to make it hard to get updates in order to vet users and punish those who haven't paid for it.
There is no reason you need a linux-like package manager to do all of this. You can still do this in a decentralized way. However, you still need a central API to manage things.
Something more android-like that sandboxes apps would be even better - even without an app store. You would have guaranteed clean uninstalls that way, and would never have app conflicts.
So, clearly the triangle does. However, extended sexual activity between them isn't really necessary to advance the story.
It seems a bit out-of-place (writers having fantasies, perhaps?), but perhaps its biggest negative impact is the legions of people who wouldn't end up seeing the movie as a result of it being there.
I don't see how section 12 is such a big problem.
I distribute software, with source. Court tells me I can't give away the source any more for some reason, so I don't distribute the software any more. Boom - I don't violate the law. The only issue that might come up is if somebody I distributed the software to in the past asks for the source. In that case I probably refuse their request, and I doubt anybody could do anything to me about it since I am doing so in compliance with a court order. What court is going to punish you for obeying a court order? At most they might vacate the first order and then tell you to do something else in another?
Section 12 is only an issue if somebody wants to try to find some reason to redistribute GPL software without otherwise obeying the terms of the license, or using measures like patents/etc to distribute software but not allow others to do the same. The bottom line is that if you are interested in distributing encumbered technology, then you can't make any use of GPL v3 code.
The biggest problem with GPL v3 is that there is already a ton of stuff out there under GPL v2 so people don't really have to accept the new version to get things done. Maybe in 10 years choosing to not license under GPL v3 will be more painful, much like refusing to go with GPL v2 is today. Over time quite a library of code will build up on v3+ and your choice then becomes to reinvent the wheel, or comply. Either is fine with FOSS advocates.
Wouldn't the internal structure of a black hole vary with time - and not just trivially?
After all, it takes from now until the end of the universe for something to fall into the event horizon of a black hole, from our perspective.
Doesn't that mean that right now every black hole out there is just a neutron star with one extra electron an infinitesimal distance inside the event horizon radius? Sure, it will become a singularity - but from our perspective perhaps not before it evaporates.
Now, from the perspective of somebody falling into the black hole they'd just fall and fall and hit a singularity in the middle, or maybe they would find themselves evaporating into Hawking radiation right before they get there or something - only moments later by their measure.
Is there really anything that suggests that black holes even have to have a central structure? What if they just evaporate before they even change from the moment they form?
Sure, to late teenage guys who don't have parents who forbid them from seeing it, or girlfriends. There are quite a few of them. Most won't see it more than once. Some under 25-ers might also see it.
When you're making a movie that costs tens of millions of dollars or more, it isn't great to start out by eliminating anybody with kids or a significant other from your potential audience.
Watchmen did offer more than just sex scenes, which is why it didn't absolutely crater. However, most of the elements that got it the R rating were really things that didn't advance the movie. I mean, I don't mind the odd sex scene but I really don't need a cheesy porno flick in the middle of the film that really has nothing to do with the plot.
No, all they need to do is put a field on the submission form to upload the source, or have a link to them (and just make sure the link returns something valid). They can require compliance with this in the form.
But, you ask, what keeps somebody from putting a bogus link in the form with the wrong source and getting MS in trouble. The answer is simple - the same thing that keeps somebody from uploading GPL software in the first place contrary to the legal agreement - nothing at all.