Why only respond to an AAAA DNS request if it comes from a DNS resolver whose IPv4 address is on a whitelist? Surely it would make sense to allow any connection capable to IPv6 to make use of it.
Some clients may erroneously think they have working IPv6, get an AAAA address and timeout trying to use it before falling back to IPv4. This really annoys users. It wouldn't be Google's fault that this happens, but their sites would be perceived as very slow and they'd lose users.
I am lucky in that my ISP is on the list of those providing IPv6, but I use my own DNS resolver which will not be on the Google whitelist.
It is not clear to me exactly what they're doing. They might be whitelisting networks and not individual resolvers. If so then your home resolver may work when your ISP signs up with them.
Short answer: No problem. You will have many addresses to use in your LAN, and your packets will not enter the internet to go to a local file server.
Slightly longer explanation: IPv6 routing is quite similar to IPv4 routing. I think you might be misunderstanding what is keeping your current local traffic from bouncing over the WAN link.
That's basically what 6to4 tunneling does, except that the ipv4 address defines a/64 subnet.:)
Actually with 6to4 you get a/48. Handy to know in case you need more than 2^64 IPv6 hosts behind your IPv4 address. Or if you want multiple IPv6 subnets behind an IPv4 address which seems more likely.
But the IPv6 overlords in their infinite wisdom have decided that we can't just use a 192.168.0.* equivalent, oh no. All addresses must be publicly routeable.
Others mention private alternatives; I'll summarize them here:
Site-local addressing fec0::/10 , deprecated . This is deprecated, but I don't expect these addresses to be reused for other purposes in...ever, I guess. Just pick a network address beginning with fec0: through feff: and have fun.
Unique local addressing fc00::/7 . For various reasons described elsewhere IETF would prefer all addresses be unique even if they aren't globally routable. Pick your own/48 between fc00:0:0: through fcff:ffff:ffff: and have fun. Or you can go to SixXS and have one non-authoritatively registered to you.
6to4 2002::/8 . If you have a public static IPv4 address then you automatically have a/48 starting with 2002: and then your hex-encoded IPv4 address. If not, then there should be no harm in using a private IPv4 address to make your 6to4/48. For example, if your NAT router is 192.168.1.1 then your 6to4 subnet could be anything from 2002:c0a8:0101:0::/64 through 2002:c0a8:0101:ffff::/64 . (If you want to be sure no private packets escape to the real internet then null route 2002:/8 or 2002:c0a8:/16 at your IPv6 router if you have one.)
Which is fine - after all, there should be plenty of addresses, right? So why is there nowhere that will give me, as a private individual, an IPv6 address (officially, I mean - I'm aware of that website that generates an address that should be ok to use)?
See the SixXS link above. There is no official ULA registry, but they're the only ones I know of that are trying so far. The ULA addresses are not publicly routable, so a collision is not really a problem unless your network needs to someday merge with a colliding network. I could see that happening with major corporations, but it's not likely a problem with the typical home LAN.
Helpful tinkerer hint: Whenever you get an IPv6 range you generally get a/48, but as you assign IPv6 networks and routes to your network you will want to use/64 subnets. You don't have to, but things generally tend to make more sense that way, and default settings tend to assume that setup.
Now if you want to be on the live global IPv6 network then you can go to a tunnel broker and request a tunnel and/or subnet, and then you get a live address range. I'm in North America and use the free SixXS.
Surely most of each assigned range. It is intended that each local LAN segment will have 2^64 usable addresses, half of which are intended to be globally unique and half which aren't. However this is nothing to stop someone from subnetting smaller networks than a/64; it will just break the stateless autoconfiguration ability so you need to assign static addresses or use DHCP6.
Heck, I have a/48--2^16 networks of 2^64 useable addresses--through a tunnel broker and I'm using less than a dozen addresses.
And why is it a good idea to make routing tables simple? IPv4 routing tables must be hideous if were running out of IPv4 addresses.
They are. For each packet a router has to compare the destination to a list of routes to determine where to send the packet. If all the addresses starting with 2001:0db8: by design are accessible by the same border router then your routing tables can be much simpler. That is not the case with IPv4, and the routable address space is about to increase by many orders of magnitude.
Simplified routing makes a huge difference on backbone routers.
They made it that way because it's similar in structure to IPv4 and made it long not to make 2^128 addressable devices but to make (theoretically up to) 2^64 collision domains with the possibility for 2^63 globally Unique IDentifiers and 2^63 non-globally-unique ID's. But a lot of people are going to ignore the global ID part and use (network)::1, (network)::2, etc. or have fun with hex letters with (network)::dead:beef and such. (Luckily--actually by design--these simplified IPv6 addresses will usually happen to be be in the non-globally-unique range.)
They intend to waste a lost of potential addresses to make routing tables simpler. Ideally the IPv6 network map will be a hierarchical structure of networks.
If you don't have DNS handy there are a growing number of peer-to-peer name resolution protocols that I expect will become more popular with IPv6 addressing.
So the answer is that the "horrible alphanumeric sequences" are designed to make easy-on-core-routers hierarchical routing feasible while squaring the theoretical maximum number of addressable hosts. And they really expect people to use managed or peer name resolution, anyway.
Because let's be truthful: IPv6 isn't going to be widely adopted in 5 years unless something changes (and it's best for everyone if that "something" isn't a complete lack of IP Addresses)
It's already enabled by default in Linux distributions and Windows Vista and Server 2008. The major backbones should be able to handle it. Many businesses use proxy and other gateway servers for intranet-to-internet access, so if a company is not ready to migrate the intranet to IPv6 right away they can just put it on their proxy, gateway and public servers.
I'm not saying it will happen, but I don't think the obstacles are technical at this point. I think what needs to change is to put all the porn on IPv6-only servers. Or YouTube, FaceBook, MySpace, etc.. Okay not literally, but either the customers or the service needs to be accessible by IPv6 only before it make sense for everyone to make the effort. I'm guessing it will be forced when governments or militaries have large masses of users on IPv6 and the IPv6-IPv4 gateways start getting overloaded.
What JournalSpace didn't say is that their mirrored drives are actually 30GB Zunes. Just let them run down overnight, charge them back up and everything will be fine tomorrow.
I actually worked for a company that did have a recovery plan and tested it several times a year. I was impressed. They maintained multiple DR sites and would send a small team or sometimes an entire department to work a real shift at the DR site. The backups were well organized, had daily offsite transport and were tested. Awesome. Then they laid a bunch of us off. Oh well.
Definitely. Never trust someone else with your data. I lost a VPS whose host was presumably RAID'ed and backed up. Never got my VPS or data back from them, but I only lost a few hours of data since I backed it up myself daily. After 5 days of dumb excuses I opened an account with another provider, reconfigured my name servers and got everything going again.
I didn't have to wait 5 days; it's just that my sites weren't revenue generating.
Maybe I'm trying too hard to read between the lines, but:
If you’re a Zune Pass subscriber, you may need to sync your device with your PC to refresh the rights to the subscription content you have downloaded to your device.
(emphasis mine)...Sounds to me suspiciously like the DRM component crashed the whole Zune, just like other commenters are suggesting.
1 and 2: OpenOffice 3: Firefox 4: OSS Twitter clone that surely will surpass Twitter because Twitter is popular. (?) 5, 6, 7, 8, 9: Linux. (More specifically, Fedora, Ubuntu, Suse, Suse, Ubuntu) 10: Whatever Google released recently. What, it's hardware? Meh, leave it on the list, anyway.
More in depth? Heck they couldn't even bother themselves to add a link to the products. If they're that lazy a link to Distrowatch would've covered over half the entries.
I was going to say this is the first site I've seen that has more ad and navigation space than article space, but no, I've seen that before.
I'm considering this myself. I'm wondering if there's a way for me to sign approved certificates or otherwise whitelist certs. Eh, it would probably be easier to mark individual web certs. From how many PCs do I need to access my important secure web sites, anyway?
Inkjets are better than laser for photos, but on the other hand how often do you closely inspect a photo after buying the printer? And if you do, there are photo printer services that can outdo your inkjet. I've found my color laser to be fine for snapshots and even some framed stuff, because I don't put my nose to the photo when looking at it.
Also, I expect the toner will outlast the ink (as in color fading), but I haven't really checked into that.
In response to the gp poster, last I checked LaserJets were laser and OfficeJets, DeskJets and DesignJets were ink. And JetDirect is their line of internal and external print servers.
I tried to get a Memjet, but accidentally bought Memejet instead. Now all I get are pictures from "All Your Base," "Yatta!," "Real Ultimate Power," and that guy in the homemade Tron costume.
In one of my early Civ3 games, Ghandi surprise attacked me with a nuke. For some reason that has stuck with me. (It was a bad move as I had several nukes and wasted India...he apparently had only the one.)
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Why only respond to an AAAA DNS request if it comes from a DNS resolver whose IPv4 address is on a whitelist? Surely it would make sense to allow any connection capable to IPv6 to make use of it.
Some clients may erroneously think they have working IPv6, get an AAAA address and timeout trying to use it before falling back to IPv4. This really annoys users. It wouldn't be Google's fault that this happens, but their sites would be perceived as very slow and they'd lose users.
I am lucky in that my ISP is on the list of those providing IPv6, but I use my own DNS resolver which will not be on the Google whitelist.
It is not clear to me exactly what they're doing. They might be whitelisting networks and not individual resolvers. If so then your home resolver may work when your ISP signs up with them.
Short answer: No problem. You will have many addresses to use in your LAN, and your packets will not enter the internet to go to a local file server.
Slightly longer explanation: IPv6 routing is quite similar to IPv4 routing. I think you might be misunderstanding what is keeping your current local traffic from bouncing over the WAN link.
There is RDNSS which my router advertisement daemon supposedly supports, but I haven't tried it and don't know how ubiquitous it is.
But yeah, now that you mention it DNS support isn't quite homogeneous yet on IPv6.
That's basically what 6to4 tunneling does, except that the ipv4 address defines a /64 subnet. :)
Actually with 6to4 you get a /48. Handy to know in case you need more than 2^64 IPv6 hosts behind your IPv4 address. Or if you want multiple IPv6 subnets behind an IPv4 address which seems more likely.
But the IPv6 overlords in their infinite wisdom have decided that we can't just use a 192.168.0.* equivalent, oh no. All addresses must be publicly routeable.
Others mention private alternatives; I'll summarize them here:
Site-local addressing fec0::/10 , deprecated . This is deprecated, but I don't expect these addresses to be reused for other purposes in...ever, I guess. Just pick a network address beginning with fec0: through feff: and have fun.
Unique local addressing fc00::/7 . For various reasons described elsewhere IETF would prefer all addresses be unique even if they aren't globally routable. Pick your own /48 between fc00:0:0: through fcff:ffff:ffff: and have fun. Or you can go to SixXS and have one non-authoritatively registered to you.
6to4 2002::/8 . If you have a public static IPv4 address then you automatically have a /48 starting with 2002: and then your hex-encoded IPv4 address. If not, then there should be no harm in using a private IPv4 address to make your 6to4 /48. For example, if your NAT router is 192.168.1.1 then your 6to4 subnet could be anything from 2002:c0a8:0101:0::/64 through 2002:c0a8:0101:ffff::/64 . (If you want to be sure no private packets escape to the real internet then null route 2002:/8 or 2002:c0a8:/16 at your IPv6 router if you have one.)
Which is fine - after all, there should be plenty of addresses, right? So why is there nowhere that will give me, as a private individual, an IPv6 address (officially, I mean - I'm aware of that website that generates an address that should be ok to use)?
See the SixXS link above. There is no official ULA registry, but they're the only ones I know of that are trying so far. The ULA addresses are not publicly routable, so a collision is not really a problem unless your network needs to someday merge with a colliding network. I could see that happening with major corporations, but it's not likely a problem with the typical home LAN.
Helpful tinkerer hint: Whenever you get an IPv6 range you generally get a /48, but as you assign IPv6 networks and routes to your network you will want to use /64 subnets. You don't have to, but things generally tend to make more sense that way, and default settings tend to assume that setup.
Now if you want to be on the live global IPv6 network then you can go to a tunnel broker and request a tunnel and/or subnet, and then you get a live address range. I'm in North America and use the free SixXS.
what percentage is going to be wasted?
Surely most of each assigned range. It is intended that each local LAN segment will have 2^64 usable addresses, half of which are intended to be globally unique and half which aren't. However this is nothing to stop someone from subnetting smaller networks than a /64; it will just break the stateless autoconfiguration ability so you need to assign static addresses or use DHCP6.
Heck, I have a /48--2^16 networks of 2^64 useable addresses--through a tunnel broker and I'm using less than a dozen addresses.
And why is it a good idea to make routing tables simple? IPv4 routing tables must be hideous if were running out of IPv4 addresses.
They are. For each packet a router has to compare the destination to a list of routes to determine where to send the packet. If all the addresses starting with 2001:0db8: by design are accessible by the same border router then your routing tables can be much simpler. That is not the case with IPv4, and the routable address space is about to increase by many orders of magnitude.
Simplified routing makes a huge difference on backbone routers.
They made it that way because it's similar in structure to IPv4 and made it long not to make 2^128 addressable devices but to make (theoretically up to) 2^64 collision domains with the possibility for 2^63 globally Unique IDentifiers and 2^63 non-globally-unique ID's. But a lot of people are going to ignore the global ID part and use (network)::1, (network)::2, etc. or have fun with hex letters with (network)::dead:beef and such. (Luckily--actually by design--these simplified IPv6 addresses will usually happen to be be in the non-globally-unique range.)
They intend to waste a lost of potential addresses to make routing tables simpler. Ideally the IPv6 network map will be a hierarchical structure of networks.
If you don't have DNS handy there are a growing number of peer-to-peer name resolution protocols that I expect will become more popular with IPv6 addressing.
So the answer is that the "horrible alphanumeric sequences" are designed to make easy-on-core-routers hierarchical routing feasible while squaring the theoretical maximum number of addressable hosts. And they really expect people to use managed or peer name resolution, anyway.
Because let's be truthful: IPv6 isn't going to be widely adopted in 5 years unless something changes (and it's best for everyone if that "something" isn't a complete lack of IP Addresses)
It's already enabled by default in Linux distributions and Windows Vista and Server 2008. The major backbones should be able to handle it. Many businesses use proxy and other gateway servers for intranet-to-internet access, so if a company is not ready to migrate the intranet to IPv6 right away they can just put it on their proxy, gateway and public servers.
I'm not saying it will happen, but I don't think the obstacles are technical at this point. I think what needs to change is to put all the porn on IPv6-only servers. Or YouTube, FaceBook, MySpace, etc.. Okay not literally, but either the customers or the service needs to be accessible by IPv6 only before it make sense for everyone to make the effort. I'm guessing it will be forced when governments or militaries have large masses of users on IPv6 and the IPv6-IPv4 gateways start getting overloaded.
What JournalSpace didn't say is that their mirrored drives are actually 30GB Zunes. Just let them run down overnight, charge them back up and everything will be fine tomorrow.
I actually worked for a company that did have a recovery plan and tested it several times a year. I was impressed. They maintained multiple DR sites and would send a small team or sometimes an entire department to work a real shift at the DR site. The backups were well organized, had daily offsite transport and were tested. Awesome. Then they laid a bunch of us off. Oh well.
Definitely. Never trust someone else with your data. I lost a VPS whose host was presumably RAID'ed and backed up. Never got my VPS or data back from them, but I only lost a few hours of data since I backed it up myself daily. After 5 days of dumb excuses I opened an account with another provider, reconfigured my name servers and got everything going again.
I didn't have to wait 5 days; it's just that my sites weren't revenue generating.
Maybe I'm trying too hard to read between the lines, but:
(emphasis mine) ...Sounds to me suspiciously like the DRM component crashed the whole Zune, just like other commenters are suggesting.
By the way, Shatner as Kirk expresses his opinion on the Zune in an image attached to this article.
Wait until Jan 1 and it will fix itself. And something about letting the battery run out and recharge before booting it after Jan 1. (Who RTFA's?)
http://forums.zune.net/412486/ShowPost.aspx
The coolest are:
1 and 2: OpenOffice
3: Firefox
4: OSS Twitter clone that surely will surpass Twitter because Twitter is popular. (?)
5, 6, 7, 8, 9: Linux. (More specifically, Fedora, Ubuntu, Suse, Suse, Ubuntu)
10: Whatever Google released recently. What, it's hardware? Meh, leave it on the list, anyway.
More in depth? Heck they couldn't even bother themselves to add a link to the products. If they're that lazy a link to Distrowatch would've covered over half the entries.
I was going to say this is the first site I've seen that has more ad and navigation space than article space, but no, I've seen that before.
I'm considering this myself. I'm wondering if there's a way for me to sign approved certificates or otherwise whitelist certs. Eh, it would probably be easier to mark individual web certs. From how many PCs do I need to access my important secure web sites, anyway?
Yes I can confirm from personal experience that porn sites in the mid 1990's used thumbnails.
Sorry, this patent is for right-handed previews only.
Just out of curiosity, what are you now? Or does it boil down to the lesser of two evils for you?
Linky for the lazy.
Inkjets are better than laser for photos, but on the other hand how often do you closely inspect a photo after buying the printer? And if you do, there are photo printer services that can outdo your inkjet. I've found my color laser to be fine for snapshots and even some framed stuff, because I don't put my nose to the photo when looking at it.
Also, I expect the toner will outlast the ink (as in color fading), but I haven't really checked into that.
In response to the gp poster, last I checked LaserJets were laser and OfficeJets, DeskJets and DesignJets were ink. And JetDirect is their line of internal and external print servers.
O RLY?
I also found it an odd measure. I'd much rather see an image of where the lakes/oceans might be if all of it was melted, perhaps with depth maps.
I assume they used the average radius of Mars and the water would cover 36 feet of a sphere with that radius.
I bet LaKisha could totally tear Melinda apart in a deathmatch.
In one of my early Civ3 games, Ghandi surprise attacked me with a nuke. For some reason that has stuck with me. (It was a bad move as I had several nukes and wasted India...he apparently had only the one.)