Ground effect is not a phenomenon which becomes effective at a specific point. It increases as air is blocked from flowing downward, a pressure wave reflecting off the ground, back to the wing (helicopter blade) and out horizontally.
For Ground Effect Machines (Air Cushion Vehicles) the critical factor is the area of the periphery, the height off the ground of the skirt times the skirt's circumference. The pressure differential lifting the vehicle is determined by how much air is pumped in and how fast it escapes under the skirt. This is weakly similar to more air escaping from a low helicopter blade as it gets further above the ground.
Tunneling through the mountain was a large part of the expense for the Red Line. Poor choice for the subway, worse for automobile road. The mountain pass is the one area where property prices aren't so high as exclude unlimited widening. (By the way, the access road through the pass is often faster than the 405). The congestion through the pass on the 405 is caused by the 101 intersection choke point on the north and more traffic entering the 405 going south near West L.A.
Time-sensitive pricing on the 405 probably wouldn't work. It's jammed from 6AM to 10AM and 3PM to 7PM or worse. How are you going to shift around those intervals?
LA's red line from downtown to the San Fernando Valley (dead ending in North Hollywood, never to be built out completely due to taxpayer revolt) cost $4.5 billion to cover 17.4 miles. Ridership numbers aren't trivial, but they don't indicate real success, either. The highway is a bargain by comparison.
When I lived there, I thought that more north-south highways (one between the 405 and the 5, another along the coast) would help more than either widening the existing roads or mass transit. Presently, surface streets are also a problem, crowded leading up to the limited access highway. More highways means more access points and halving the average distance to a highway.
It's fun to imagine the political uproar a new superhighway through exclusive mountain estates would cause.
It gets worse. Until the 405 gets into the mountains, it's solid city on each side. Widening means buying property, expensive property. It's an elevated freeway, so it's hideously more expensive to build than on the ground.
Sadly, it's not going to fix the problem. Twice as many lanes would still not be enough. There's a choke point where the 405 meets the 101 in the San Fernando Valley that backs at least 2 miles every workday, and has done so for at least 30 years.
It may get better, but it's not going to be fixed.
You earn that kind of money by providing value that allows you to hire people, people who make more working for you than they would otherwise. Why else would they work for you?
Private security firms would have substantially less power to abuse you, and much greater liability, both personally and on a corporate basis, if they did.
Inflation factor 1992 to now, about 1.74X. 600e6/400e6/1.74 = 0.86. Military spending, not counting war expenses, has decreased by 14% in constant dollars.
Well here's a time for businesses to step the fuck up and show us how totally great things would be if they'd weren't so restrained.
Sure... Aah... I don't see those restraints being removed. You do understand it is the government that's imposing the constraints and refusing to remove them, don't you?
Space travel and exploration is increasingly becoming private, which transcends state borders. Private institutions do disease and biological research, although Obamacare is strangling such work. New Hampshire's concern with cell phones is that the towers not be too obtrusive or ugly (as is the case in many states), furthermore, the decisions are made on a town-by-town basis though zoning regulations, and it's not a problem.
If you think a confederacy (I wish we still were) is a problem for the affairs of "a modern 21st century superpower", think how nasty US military action would be without the limitations imposed by separation of powers.
The federal government (in league with Bill Gates!) is extorting the states into implementing the inferior and indoctrinating "Common Core" program, replacing the failed federally pushed "No Child Left Behind." Although the 10% seems small, it's used with great leverage, insidiously, stupidly, and maliciously.
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Ground effect is not a phenomenon which becomes effective at a specific point. It increases as air is blocked from flowing downward, a pressure wave reflecting off the ground, back to the wing (helicopter blade) and out horizontally.
For Ground Effect Machines (Air Cushion Vehicles) the critical factor is the area of the periphery, the height off the ground of the skirt times the skirt's circumference. The pressure differential lifting the vehicle is determined by how much air is pumped in and how fast it escapes under the skirt. This is weakly similar to more air escaping from a low helicopter blade as it gets further above the ground.
20% is "far hotter" for large values of 20%.
The Earth's core is fool's gold? Hooray!
"Blacks" and "Whites" aren't races either.
In what context?
Consider the Americas and the native population vs the Spanish, English, and others.
Edwin Howard Armstrong.
Rifling was invented in 1520 in Germany. (wikipedia). It became useful for small arms with the Minie system (French) in the mid 1800s.
And the immigrants drive so well, and are licensed and insured, and drive high quality vehicles.
Tunneling through the mountain was a large part of the expense for the Red Line. Poor choice for the subway, worse for automobile road. The mountain pass is the one area where property prices aren't so high as exclude unlimited widening. (By the way, the access road through the pass is often faster than the 405). The congestion through the pass on the 405 is caused by the 101 intersection choke point on the north and more traffic entering the 405 going south near West L.A.
Time-sensitive pricing on the 405 probably wouldn't work. It's jammed from 6AM to 10AM and 3PM to 7PM or worse. How are you going to shift around those intervals?
Sorry, a route N-S between the 5 and 405 is already there. But it's crowded, too. Add another one.
LA's red line from downtown to the San Fernando Valley (dead ending in North Hollywood, never to be built out completely due to taxpayer revolt) cost $4.5 billion to cover 17.4 miles. Ridership numbers aren't trivial, but they don't indicate real success, either. The highway is a bargain by comparison.
When I lived there, I thought that more north-south highways (one between the 405 and the 5, another along the coast) would help more than either widening the existing roads or mass transit. Presently, surface streets are also a problem, crowded leading up to the limited access highway. More highways means more access points and halving the average distance to a highway.
It's fun to imagine the political uproar a new superhighway through exclusive mountain estates would cause.
It gets worse. Until the 405 gets into the mountains, it's solid city on each side. Widening means buying property, expensive property. It's an elevated freeway, so it's hideously more expensive to build than on the ground.
Sadly, it's not going to fix the problem. Twice as many lanes would still not be enough. There's a choke point where the 405 meets the 101 in the San Fernando Valley that backs at least 2 miles every workday, and has done so for at least 30 years.
It may get better, but it's not going to be fixed.
You earn that kind of money by providing value that allows you to hire people, people who make more working for you than they would otherwise. Why else would they work for you?
The dollar is worth 1.5 cents now compared to late 1800s. That $450 is equivalent to $31,000.
Private security firms would have substantially less power to abuse you, and much greater liability, both personally and on a corporate basis, if they did.
The TSA has also been caught assisting drug smugglers.
Inflation factor 1992 to now, about 1.74X. 600e6/400e6/1.74 = 0.86. Military spending, not counting war expenses, has decreased by 14% in constant dollars.
Sure... Aah... I don't see those restraints being removed. You do understand it is the government that's imposing the constraints and refusing to remove them, don't you?
And I dismiss 1:10 cyanide to water.
Cutting bus service is an athletic program.
Why do you think support for gun ownership is so strong in rural communities? One reason is to mow down a violent invasion from places like Detroit.
Space travel and exploration is increasingly becoming private, which transcends state borders. Private institutions do disease and biological research, although Obamacare is strangling such work. New Hampshire's concern with cell phones is that the towers not be too obtrusive or ugly (as is the case in many states), furthermore, the decisions are made on a town-by-town basis though zoning regulations, and it's not a problem.
Switzerland doesn't work?
If you think a confederacy (I wish we still were) is a problem for the affairs of "a modern 21st century superpower", think how nasty US military action would be without the limitations imposed by separation of powers.
The federal government (in league with Bill Gates!) is extorting the states into implementing the inferior and indoctrinating "Common Core" program, replacing the failed federally pushed "No Child Left Behind." Although the 10% seems small, it's used with great leverage, insidiously, stupidly, and maliciously.