As an owner of a Zedboard (and half a dozen others FPGA boards) I recommend other readers disregard this advice. It is not a good starting board as is has a very, very steep learning curve, much steeper than any other FPGA I've used, It is also very, very expensive (but you do however get a lot for your $). The FPGA build times are very long too, especially annoying when you are just starting out.
However, if you are interested in Programmable Logic logic, try a Papilio One from Gadget Factory - equivalent to a quarter of a million logic gates for a $37.50 + p+p. An open source AVR compatible processor core is available, so you can still develop with it as though it is an Arduino, and even make changes to the internals of the CPU.
The 2x rule of thumb comes from the requirements of big-server UNIX.
In the old days all memory in use must have the same capacity space on a swap device. That way no running process could run out of space - the application would be informed of failure to allocate more memory
This ensured that no process had to be randomly killed by the OS due to lack of memory.
I agree - but the amount of high-end hardware (and the need for it) is not expanding at the same rate as the pool of IT workers...
Long gone are the days when a departmental server would cost more than the average salary.
In the late 1990s I installed a large data warehouse for the ministry responsible for social security. It was $2M list - 4 CPUs, 12GB RAM, 2TB disk, and was used by a team of data analysts. I now have that hardware on my desktop (but without the IOPs of 2TB of 72GB spindles of course!).
It isn't how much you know, it is how much value you add. Improvements in IT are rarely creating massive improvements in productivity.
The majority of productivity gains in areas such as manufacturing have already been made a decade or so ago, before we reached this age of oversupply of CPU, RAM and disk.
I am surprised that it has take the world so long to realise that IT salaries are overpriced. Because the hardware used to be so rare and expensive the people who used it and looked after it were also rare and expensive.Now that the hardware is cheap as chips, and the labor market is approaching truly global is it a big surprise that salaries are flat?
If a bad patch breaks my two year old $500 company laptop or a $200 tablet I am not going to pay somebody to fix it. I replace it and move my data over. There was a time when PCs cost thousands, and servers cost tens of thousands. People won't pay people $100/hr to fix a $200 devices.
I also imagine that it is a heck of a lot cheaper to engage off-shore programmers than using local resources (you can't do that for a truck driver...) - supply and demand in a free market in action.
If it was, then other more powerful Arduino-like products such as Digilent's ChipKit would have taken the market by storm... Arduino IDE, Arduino form-factor, 80 Mhz 32-bit MIPS CPU, 512K Flash. 32K SRAM, 42 I/Os, works just like a really fast 3.3V Arduino for $35. I've got one, and they are all that they say they are, but somehow they just are not Arduino,
I suspect the "Due" will somehow be "just not Ardunio" too.
Maybe there is a herding mentality where the first thing people ask themselves when deciding on a controller to use in a project is "can I do it with an Arduino?", but maybe it is just that everybody has them in their box of toys...
Short answer - you can't. If I render a picture on a properly working card it will be identical on another card on the same software setup. That is the whole point of computers - given the same initial state and inputs they generate the same output.
What they must be doing is pushing the cards to working incorrectly (overclock, under voltage...), as different cards of the same model will fail differently outside of their normal operating conditions.
My guess is they overclock the GPU until it fails (in this context "fails" means stops working 100% correctly, not catch fire) , and then check what failure has occurred. Do the textures generated on CPU core 15 start dropping bit 12 when running at 933MHz? That sort of stuff.
The propagation delay between and through components is very sensitive to difference in processes, and unlike overclocking memory or CPU over-clocking a GPU will not make the whole system unstable. Of course these sorts of failures are temperature sensitive, but in general the same things should fut out first should fut out first regardless of the temperature....
I say money is more a promise for people to do work for you... Here, my ounce of gold, and give me promises that can later use to get food, clothing or housing.
The problems happen where more promises are in stored up than there are resources to fulfil... suddenly your promises are worthless, regardless of how much work has been done.
It is not as though you did less work, just that people no longer value it as much!
And as with any results of R&D work are easier to copy than develop your own from scratch, and so closing of portions of a design is needed to protect investment.
If people want to donate their time they are more than welcome to - if you can design and build an equivalent processor+GPU combo for the same per-chip cost then knock yourself out...
Just like cellphones in petrol stations... where it is about people's inattention and walking into the path of a car rather than cellphone causing a fire.
Contrast Macs with the IBM compatible PCs (or even the Apple ][).
Upgrades could be any of the following - modems - NICs - ArcNet perhaps? - Serial ports - Parallel ports - memory - Math co-processor - better graphics cards (mono, CGA, EGA, VGA) - more floppy disk drives - Maybe even a sound card (e.g. original Sound Blaster).
Bubbles exist when the market becomes disconnected from the true value (if there is such a thing!) of the asset...
I don't know much about HFT, but I am pretty sure that the HFT algos no nothing about the true value of the asset, and they are just gaming the markets.
When most of the trades in the market are traders trying to out-gaming each other, that can't be healthy.
Slashdot Mirror
The Pololu 3pi robot is sweet. Small, simple, fast (3m/s!) and fun - can even be made Arduino compatible.
If you want to play with motors and sensors you could do far worse.
As an owner of a Zedboard (and half a dozen others FPGA boards) I recommend other readers disregard this advice. It is not a good starting board as is has a very, very steep learning curve, much steeper than any other FPGA I've used, It is also very, very expensive (but you do however get a lot for your $). The FPGA build times are very long too, especially annoying when you are just starting out.
However, if you are interested in Programmable Logic logic, try a Papilio One from Gadget Factory - equivalent to a quarter of a million logic gates for a $37.50 + p+p. An open source AVR compatible processor core is available, so you can still develop with it as though it is an Arduino, and even make changes to the internals of the CPU.
Design a replacement satellite with a bigger gas tank.
The 2x rule of thumb comes from the requirements of big-server UNIX.
In the old days all memory in use must have the same capacity space on a swap device. That way no running process could run out of space - the application would be informed of failure to allocate more memory
This ensured that no process had to be randomly killed by the OS due to lack of memory.
Hey! That's the same formula for calculating swap space! Must bee something deep going on here. :-0
I agree - but the amount of high-end hardware (and the need for it) is not expanding at the same rate as the pool of IT workers...
Long gone are the days when a departmental server would cost more than the average salary.
In the late 1990s I installed a large data warehouse for the ministry responsible for social security. It was $2M list - 4 CPUs, 12GB RAM, 2TB disk, and was used by a team of data analysts. I now have that hardware on my desktop (but without the IOPs of 2TB of 72GB spindles of course!).
It isn't how much you know, it is how much value you add. Improvements in IT are rarely creating massive improvements in productivity.
The majority of productivity gains in areas such as manufacturing have already been made a decade or so ago, before we reached this age of oversupply of CPU, RAM and disk.
I am surprised that it has take the world so long to realise that IT salaries are overpriced. Because the hardware used to be so rare and expensive the people who used it and looked after it were also rare and expensive.Now that the hardware is cheap as chips, and the labor market is approaching truly global is it a big surprise that salaries are flat?
If a bad patch breaks my two year old $500 company laptop or a $200 tablet I am not going to pay somebody to fix it. I replace it and move my data over. There was a time when PCs cost thousands, and servers cost tens of thousands. People won't pay people $100/hr to fix a $200 devices.
I also imagine that it is a heck of a lot cheaper to engage off-shore programmers than using local resources (you can't do that for a truck driver...) - supply and demand in a free market in action.
That Magnetic Globe is neat! Even down to the lighting. Really neat.
Flick through to page 7.
It was most probably four weeks since wholesalers / resellers could order Win8 devices.
They were embargoed... you could order them, stock them, just not sell them until the release date.
It can't be the IDE.
If it was, then other more powerful Arduino-like products such as Digilent's ChipKit would have taken the market by storm... Arduino IDE, Arduino form-factor, 80 Mhz 32-bit MIPS CPU, 512K Flash. 32K SRAM, 42 I/Os, works just like a really fast 3.3V Arduino for $35. I've got one, and they are all that they say they are, but somehow they just are not Arduino,
I suspect the "Due" will somehow be "just not Ardunio" too.
Maybe there is a herding mentality where the first thing people ask themselves when deciding on a controller to use in a project is "can I do it with an Arduino?", but maybe it is just that everybody has them in their box of toys...
Those of us who have been around a while will remember Microsoft trumpeting Windows NT's security.
"Microsoft included security as part of the initial design specifications for Windows NT, and it is pervasive in the operating system"
The whole Orange Book / Red book, C2 security level and so on,
They would be better off improving the failings of the existing system, rather than inventing a whole new set of ways to fail.
Short answer - you can't. If I render a picture on a properly working card it will be identical on another card on the same software setup. That is the whole point of computers - given the same initial state and inputs they generate the same output.
What they must be doing is pushing the cards to working incorrectly (overclock, under voltage...), as different cards of the same model will fail differently outside of their normal operating conditions.
My guess is they overclock the GPU until it fails (in this context "fails" means stops working 100% correctly, not catch fire) , and then check what failure has occurred. Do the textures generated on CPU core 15 start dropping bit 12 when running at 933MHz? That sort of stuff.
The propagation delay between and through components is very sensitive to difference in processes, and unlike overclocking memory or CPU over-clocking a GPU will not make the whole system unstable. Of course these sorts of failures are temperature sensitive, but in general the same things should fut out first should fut out first regardless of the temperature....
More of a fingerprint than an immutable key....
I say money is more a promise for people to do work for you... Here, my ounce of gold, and give me promises that can later use to get food, clothing or housing.
The problems happen where more promises are in stored up than there are resources to fulfil... suddenly your promises are worthless, regardless of how much work has been done.
It is not as though you did less work, just that people no longer value it as much!
And as with any results of R&D work are easier to copy than develop your own from scratch, and so closing of portions of a design is needed to protect investment.
If people want to donate their time they are more than welcome to - if you can design and build an equivalent processor+GPU combo for the same per-chip cost then knock yourself out...
Mike
The title should be "We have a 50% confidence that Caloric restriction extends life"
"Calorie Restriction May No* Extend Lifespan", "works in primates suggests that". FFS! That is politician speak.
Just like cellphones in petrol stations... where it is about people's inattention and walking into the path of a car rather than cellphone causing a fire.
All crash landings tend to occur in the last 10 minutes of flight...
The author has obviously never tried to get an unsigned device driver running under Windows 7.
Having to switch the OS into "test mode" and jumping through other hoops is a real pain.
I interfaced my TI Chronos watch with my RaspPi and although it worked the results were dodgy at best - volume changes would hang the USB stack.
I tracked it down to problems in the USB stack and gave up.... one day it will be stable enough to work.
Contrast Macs with the IBM compatible PCs (or even the Apple ][).
Upgrades could be any of the following
- modems
- NICs - ArcNet perhaps?
- Serial ports
- Parallel ports
- memory
- Math co-processor
- better graphics cards (mono, CGA, EGA, VGA)
- more floppy disk drives
- Maybe even a sound card (e.g. original Sound Blaster).
Must be just you...
* When I need a hat on it's cold
* When my beer in the truck freezes overnight then it's really cold
* When the diesel in my truck freezes overnight then it's really cold.
* When my desktop maser works without any external cooling, then it's near absolute zero.
If I was a young geek I'd much rather be hacking Arduino or Lego Mindstorms...
Bubbles exist when the market becomes disconnected from the true value (if there is such a thing!) of the asset...
I don't know much about HFT, but I am pretty sure that the HFT algos no nothing about the true value of the asset, and they are just gaming the markets.
When most of the trades in the market are traders trying to out-gaming each other, that can't be healthy.