Dell will move back to AMD if they think it's worth it, and I think they are starting to feel the heat. The opteron has went down very well in nearly all sectors, and I think we should see opteron servers soon. Hopefully.
Re:True inroads to the desktop market....
on
Linux vs. Windows
·
· Score: 1
No, sorry. Pirate versions of windows is the reason these boxes are getting anywhere. I'm sure 80% of people will wipe Linux off and just use Windows XP they got from their friend/neighbor/relative.
Why not? Windows XP is a far superior OS to Linux for what they want to do. Sure, it's insecure, but SP2 has virtually fixed that with the 'turn firewall on' prompts every second. Anyway, most of these people will just give $20 Kid Joe down the street and get it re-installed.
Linux is a nice idea but I _still_ can't see it getting anywhere. The real problems have not been fixed: Software Install that works on all distro's, easy to install hardware drivers and easy to change settings afterwards.
Erm, I'm talking about the reasonably priced ones, asshat. Like the emac, imac and ibook. You try opening one of those things without a) killing yourself due to the unprotected CRTs and b) the fact it's got more screws and knobs on that fort knox.
Of course the tower ones are easy to open - they cost a fortune and Apple makes plenty of profit on them without having the user pay extreme amounts for upgrades.
Oh BTW, try replacing your graphics card, motherboard or CPU inside any sub $1200 Mac. Ooops, you can't. You can't even add an Apple bluetooth module to it without sending it back to Apple.
Exactly - and not only that, using up 128kbit/sec bandwidth (64 each way) for every call makes it seriously hard to do huge '20 million people in a day' campaigns like people with a reasonably fast connection and a good bulk email program. Not only that, it's easy for colleges and other places who might get users tempted by a few dollars a month to send these sorts of calls out to filter out VOIP with little complaints from end users, and people from other countries with fast connections (like south korea and china) to send many out due to the fact their transit connections between them and US/Europe are usually very full and as such would take years to send anything meaningful out.
So that means if you buy something from me and I need to phone you back to rectify a credit card problem or the shipment address (for example), it means I get redirected to a busy tone. Great.
BTW: why do you feel it's necessary to 'protect' yourself from all this? I get less than 1 marketing call per week since I signed up to the Do Not Call list and it's certainly not worth setting up a maze of stuff which would make my phone useless.
But technicaly when you get a fax machine and a phone line, you are authorizing anyone with your number to ring you and send a fax to you. How else would it work? You authorize each and every fax that comes in?
Go actually work in the business community then tell me that messenger service is 'useless'. Maybe for you, but a lot of networked printers/specialized industrial equipment (and a lot of other things, I'm sure) report their progress by messenger service.
But Photo and Video editing is so slow on Mac. FC4 is nice, but it requires a beast of a system to run nice when you have lots of things going on (ie: real work). Don't even get me started on Motion - it's even worse.
Photoshop is transforming itself into a Windows application with a Mac port - not a Mac app with a Windows port. PS is also noticably slower on a much more expensive mac. For a lot of people, OSX isn't a good upgrade path from OS9 - these are Apple's favourite sector, media. If apple looses that - expect it to fall over like a pack of cards.
1. For people who have a fucking clue what they are doing, 1 is not important. I know that if a hard drive fails (which is just as likley on an Apple machine since they use the same components), I can pop down to the store and have my machine back running in 30 minutes. Or I could travel miles to my nearest apple store, send it back to Apple, or open it up and ruin the warranty. And on Apple machines, since the motherboard and the CPU are not easily replaceable, you don't want to fuck that up badly.
Apple should really sell motherboards/CPUs seperate for part people who dont' want to pay $600 for a second hand part that is really, really, rare.
2. You just did the example right there. Doom3 (soon). Emphasise on 'soon'. It's not going to be out until Q3-4 (most likley 4) and when it does, everyone on the PC world will be playing HL2 and whatever new games come out. I tried to do mac gaming, but it was horrible because 1) you already knew about exactly how each game worked from others who played in months (even years!) before you, and 2, the ports suck. DirectX9 is a bitch to port with the same quality and speed because quite frankley, OpenGL just doesn't have the same standardized feature set that DX does. Oh also, Apple graphic cards suck. Hard. Overpirced and underpowered.
Blah blah blah. C# and.NET is the best dev solution for doing quick GUI apps. To me, it's like the PHP of GUI development.
The opensource community hasn't the resources to put out a dev enviroment nor langugae like C#/VS.NET (I'm sure 1,000+ people at MS are full time on it).
Quite frankly the opensource community hasn't came up with anything as quick and as newbie-friendly as Visual Basic. It needs dev enviroments like this to thrive - look at PHP and mySQL. It now has the domanince over the small to medium web app now. It's on a roll because of the amount of scripts out there and the great documentation which just results in... more scripts and better documentation.
I also think you overestimate MS here by thinking they have a whole trojan horse plot to kill off open source. I think they know if they don't kill it off this time, it will just come back over and over. OSS isn't something you can kill by throwing loads of money at it.
Oh BTW, the new MSN Web Messenger (http://webmessenger.msn.com) offically supports Mozilla 1.6. Is this a leap forward?
In the UK, public transport outside of London (where there is the tube) is virtually nil. Train makes up about 3% of travel, buses are not used very much. Something like 94% of adults have at least one car.
Maybe it's used more in mainland Europe, but in the UK at least that's not true at all. Also, you don't get mobile reception underground on the tube. You are totally wrong.
Wrong. It's based on Postscript. Replace 'most pics' with 'every widget, animation and icon' and you'll realize that Quartz Extreme is really just a marketing gimmick with a way to sidestep the problems of writing a fast 2D engine (OSX just treats each window as vectors, with all the widgets, icons, backgrounds etc as a texture on top of it, which mean's its fast for dragging windows around, but terribly slow at resizing them (because it has to redraw _everything_ on the screen)). The changes required to make OSX be a fully vectorized OS like Longhorn will be are very significant indeed, mainly because all the eyecandy is due to the amount of bitmaps it uses.
OSX used to be leet, but 'sadly' it's being tailed with Longhorn, very fast indeed. Linux is going to post a threat to it aswell, and GNOME and even KDE are starting to shape up. Slowly, but surely.
No I totally agree with you. I like Linux, and on servers I just love it. On the desktop, I try to like it but I always go back to my windows/mac land.
Microsoft's products are really getting a hell of a lot better aswell. They are also being much less 'ghey' towards the OS community overall. Most MS employees will freely admit of liking FireFox, Apache, PHP etc (I've chatted with quite a few). I'm actually quite sure the Billy Boy at the top loves OSS, but Balmer probably despises it. Ever notice how Balmer is always the one saying how OS kills jobs and flies to Munich (I know he's the CEO, but Gates has way more clout than him. IMO).
Also, some of their products just rock. Visual Studio for example - Whitby (2005) is just plain fantastic. C# is a very nice programming language also. Windows XP, if you like it or not, is a vast improvement over 98, and IMO over 2000.
Then again, GNOME 2.8 is going to be a really great release. It's starting to fall toghter, and Longhorn is not going to be able to catch up.
While doing this within one organisational unit completely screws with your TCO (now instead of sitting smugly every time there is a Linux exploit, you now have to patch servers every time there is an exploit on Windows/Linux/FreeBSD/OpenBSD/....), having different departments or different companies have different distros.
If you really need fault tolerance, having two redundant systems running different software is an excellent idea if you're willing to pay for that level of support.
You can also avoid the monoculture effect by making your "strain" subtly different, for instance prelink lets you randomise the addresses in memory of dynamically loaded libraries making automated exploits harder (since all the addresses changed), or using something like gentoo where you compile everything from scratch with subtly different USE lines, or optimisations.
Even recompiling your kernel with certain options can change the machine enough that common automated exploits won't work.
This is why the proliferation of Linux distros are a good thing, you can have some level of diversity by installing different distros without getting so much diversity that you your support costs go through the roof.
Portability of Linux means you can run Linux on intel and powerpc chips causing almost all automated exploits to fail, but only requiring a recompile as far as software is concerned. This can be a good solution for having two servers in a load balanced, failover cluster by having each server running on a different architecture.
In general, Windows doesn't have these advantages, Windows isn't portable across platforms. Windows doesn't let you recompile large chunks of the OS with different options, Windows only has a limited range of "Editions" and different editions are usually unsuitable for running the same task. Windows is often lacking equivilent software (How many replacements for exchange are there? How many Linux MTA/MDA/MAA's are there?)
Yes, but (for example) lets say a specialized CPU could do FFTs 10x faster per clock cycle than your Opertons - but usually you are looking at paying so much more, that buying 20x more CPUs (even if they are Opertons) and using them is cheaper, and you get more power.
Not only that, you can still use that cluster in the future for other jobs and not have to reinvest millions of dollars again.
It so happened that I had to buy a birthday present for somebody and also buy some new headphones today, so I had three good reasons to go to CompUSA, and I was a tad surprised that there didn't seem to be anybody in the whole store that knew what Panther was. There was one iMac (or was it an eMac? Still confused about that) that had it installed for demo purposes, and demo I did. I'll squeeze in a mini-review of what I saw so far.
Overall, I was a little surprised at how similar to Jaguar it felt... this is a good thing. We want improvements, but let's not throw the baby out with the bathwater. Speaking of bathwater, the Finder has been replaced and I'm sure the new one is awesome. It was noticeably different but I didn't see a whole lot of Gee Whiz stuff in my quick (about 30 minutes) runthrough. I probably spent about 10 of those minutes playing with the much-heralded Expos, which honestly is DAMN COOL. I only hope it runs that quickly on my 550 PowerBook... probably not, though. I also tested the quick user switching thing. I had to figure out the CompUSA password, but it only took me about three guesses. That's another great feature.
The nicest surprise is that alt-tab (yeah, yeah, command-tab on Mac) application switching has really matured. It's much, MUCH more like Windows now... with a transparent bar that appears center-screen and true stack-based app switching (to make it just as easy to go two applications back as it is to go one application back). As a former Windows keystroke nut, I absolutely had to have my alt-tab support, and I about lost my mind when I first switched to OS X and had to deal with the various incarnations of that, including some shareware that did what I wanted and was subsequently irreparably broken by Jaguar, at which point I got used to Jaguar's better-but-not-quite-there implementation. That was when they almost lost me as a customer, but I just love OS X too damn much.
I'm glad to see they've burst forth with this great upgrade. I obviously wish it wasn't so expensive, but hey, it could be worse... it could be like $400:) Highlly recommended, even though I didn't buy it quite yet. Soon, very soon. Especially now that I've touched it... I realize that I really like it but it's not so earth-shattering that I simply must have it. I'm sure many applications will soon be Panther-only (that's what happened with Jaguar), so I'll have to upgrade within the next few months. I hope to be able to do so with a good fiscal conscience within a couple of weeks.
Sorry it's so long... hope it was sort of interesting.
Sorry, but your machines will start crashing and shut down (or should do if they have half decent BIOS) before you get temps in your rack to anywhere near enough to start doing damage to a HDD.
You could keep a HDD running in 40*C-50*C for months and have no problems. A failed UPS will be noticed in a few hours, maybe a day, maximum, and you will not do any damage, unless the drives are near death anyway.
By School I thought high school. I don't know about you but at my HS kids are not allowed to touch the machines apart from the power button and keyboard/mouse.
A large proportion of what we know about gravity and other such issues which are directly needed to send people to the moon has been discovered by British scientists over the years.
I doubt it would of happened if Newton died as a child, for example.
As for the German's, read up on WW2 history. There would of been no ICBMs if it wasn't for the V1 and V2 rockets. I'm sure if the German's could of held out for another year or two in the war they would of most likely won it, they had the first jet aircraft rolling off the production lines just as the allies started invading via the beaches.
Imagine what would of happened if the Allies (and to a lesser extent, the Russians) did not have air superiority when they were attacking Berlin. They would of got 0wned, hard.
The reason this is done is because installing brand new hardware is a lot cheaper than getting 500 PCs retrofitted with RAM/HDD/burner whatever.. Say a technician costs $50/hour, and it takes 15 minutes to fit new RAM per machine (unscrew case, fit RAM, test RAM, screw case back up), it's just not worth it when you can buy brand new machines.
While I'm willing to admit that they won't get them for $500, it won't be long before they do. PC hardware is getting really, really dirt cheap now and therefore it's not worth the time for many people upgrading it.
Slashdot Mirror
Dell will move back to AMD if they think it's worth it, and I think they are starting to feel the heat. The opteron has went down very well in nearly all sectors, and I think we should see opteron servers soon. Hopefully.
No, sorry. Pirate versions of windows is the reason these boxes are getting anywhere. I'm sure 80% of people will wipe Linux off and just use Windows XP they got from their friend/neighbor/relative.
Why not? Windows XP is a far superior OS to Linux for what they want to do. Sure, it's insecure, but SP2 has virtually fixed that with the 'turn firewall on' prompts every second. Anyway, most of these people will just give $20 Kid Joe down the street and get it re-installed.
Linux is a nice idea but I _still_ can't see it getting anywhere. The real problems have not been fixed: Software Install that works on all distro's, easy to install hardware drivers and easy to change settings afterwards.
Wow! A 1.5GHz CPU for only $480. How can I refuse?!
A 1.6Ghz Duron will cost you no more than $40, brand new. Infact I think you could buy a full power Athlon XP 2000 for that.
Erm, I'm talking about the reasonably priced ones, asshat. Like the emac, imac and ibook. You try opening one of those things without a) killing yourself due to the unprotected CRTs and b) the fact it's got more screws and knobs on that fort knox.
Of course the tower ones are easy to open - they cost a fortune and Apple makes plenty of profit on them without having the user pay extreme amounts for upgrades.
Oh BTW, try replacing your graphics card, motherboard or CPU inside any sub $1200 Mac. Ooops, you can't. You can't even add an Apple bluetooth module to it without sending it back to Apple.
Exactly - and not only that, using up 128kbit/sec bandwidth (64 each way) for every call makes it seriously hard to do huge '20 million people in a day' campaigns like people with a reasonably fast connection and a good bulk email program. Not only that, it's easy for colleges and other places who might get users tempted by a few dollars a month to send these sorts of calls out to filter out VOIP with little complaints from end users, and people from other countries with fast connections (like south korea and china) to send many out due to the fact their transit connections between them and US/Europe are usually very full and as such would take years to send anything meaningful out.
So that means if you buy something from me and I need to phone you back to rectify a credit card problem or the shipment address (for example), it means I get redirected to a busy tone. Great.
BTW: why do you feel it's necessary to 'protect' yourself from all this? I get less than 1 marketing call per week since I signed up to the Do Not Call list and it's certainly not worth setting up a maze of stuff which would make my phone useless.
But technicaly when you get a fax machine and a phone line, you are authorizing anyone with your number to ring you and send a fax to you. How else would it work? You authorize each and every fax that comes in?
Go actually work in the business community then tell me that messenger service is 'useless'. Maybe for you, but a lot of networked printers/specialized industrial equipment (and a lot of other things, I'm sure) report their progress by messenger service.
But Photo and Video editing is so slow on Mac. FC4 is nice, but it requires a beast of a system to run nice when you have lots of things going on (ie: real work). Don't even get me started on Motion - it's even worse. Photoshop is transforming itself into a Windows application with a Mac port - not a Mac app with a Windows port. PS is also noticably slower on a much more expensive mac. For a lot of people, OSX isn't a good upgrade path from OS9 - these are Apple's favourite sector, media. If apple looses that - expect it to fall over like a pack of cards.
1. For people who have a fucking clue what they are doing, 1 is not important. I know that if a hard drive fails (which is just as likley on an Apple machine since they use the same components), I can pop down to the store and have my machine back running in 30 minutes. Or I could travel miles to my nearest apple store, send it back to Apple, or open it up and ruin the warranty. And on Apple machines, since the motherboard and the CPU are not easily replaceable, you don't want to fuck that up badly.
Apple should really sell motherboards/CPUs seperate for part people who dont' want to pay $600 for a second hand part that is really, really, rare.
2. You just did the example right there. Doom3 (soon). Emphasise on 'soon'. It's not going to be out until Q3-4 (most likley 4) and when it does, everyone on the PC world will be playing HL2 and whatever new games come out. I tried to do mac gaming, but it was horrible because 1) you already knew about exactly how each game worked from others who played in months (even years!) before you, and 2, the ports suck. DirectX9 is a bitch to port with the same quality and speed because quite frankley, OpenGL just doesn't have the same standardized feature set that DX does. Oh also, Apple graphic cards suck. Hard. Overpirced and underpowered.
It actually means 32^64 more heat. Which is approx. 2.1e+96 times more heat. Better get a big fan on it!
Or get an Xbox, mod that and you can get rid of your 2 DVD players, SNES (assuming you can put up with an emulator instead)
Blah blah blah. C# and .NET is the best dev solution for doing quick GUI apps. To me, it's like the PHP of GUI development.
The opensource community hasn't the resources to put out a dev enviroment nor langugae like C#/VS.NET (I'm sure 1,000+ people at MS are full time on it).
Quite frankly the opensource community hasn't came up with anything as quick and as newbie-friendly as Visual Basic. It needs dev enviroments like this to thrive - look at PHP and mySQL. It now has the domanince over the small to medium web app now. It's on a roll because of the amount of scripts out there and the great documentation which just results in... more scripts and better documentation.
I also think you overestimate MS here by thinking they have a whole trojan horse plot to kill off open source. I think they know if they don't kill it off this time, it will just come back over and over. OSS isn't something you can kill by throwing loads of money at it.
Oh BTW, the new MSN Web Messenger (http://webmessenger.msn.com) offically supports Mozilla 1.6. Is this a leap forward?
A nice generalization from America there.
In the UK, public transport outside of London (where there is the tube) is virtually nil. Train makes up about 3% of travel, buses are not used very much. Something like 94% of adults have at least one car.
Maybe it's used more in mainland Europe, but in the UK at least that's not true at all. Also, you don't get mobile reception underground on the tube. You are totally wrong.
Wrong. It's based on Postscript. Replace 'most pics' with 'every widget, animation and icon' and you'll realize that Quartz Extreme is really just a marketing gimmick with a way to sidestep the problems of writing a fast 2D engine (OSX just treats each window as vectors, with all the widgets, icons, backgrounds etc as a texture on top of it, which mean's its fast for dragging windows around, but terribly slow at resizing them (because it has to redraw _everything_ on the screen)). The changes required to make OSX be a fully vectorized OS like Longhorn will be are very significant indeed, mainly because all the eyecandy is due to the amount of bitmaps it uses.
OSX used to be leet, but 'sadly' it's being tailed with Longhorn, very fast indeed. Linux is going to post a threat to it aswell, and GNOME and even KDE are starting to shape up. Slowly, but surely.
Windows 2000... XP aswell...
No I totally agree with you. I like Linux, and on servers I just love it. On the desktop, I try to like it but I always go back to my windows/mac land.
Microsoft's products are really getting a hell of a lot better aswell. They are also being much less 'ghey' towards the OS community overall. Most MS employees will freely admit of liking FireFox, Apache, PHP etc (I've chatted with quite a few). I'm actually quite sure the Billy Boy at the top loves OSS, but Balmer probably despises it. Ever notice how Balmer is always the one saying how OS kills jobs and flies to Munich (I know he's the CEO, but Gates has way more clout than him. IMO).
Also, some of their products just rock. Visual Studio for example - Whitby (2005) is just plain fantastic. C# is a very nice programming language also. Windows XP, if you like it or not, is a vast improvement over 98, and IMO over 2000.
Then again, GNOME 2.8 is going to be a really great release. It's starting to fall toghter, and Longhorn is not going to be able to catch up.
While doing this within one organisational unit completely screws with your TCO (now instead of sitting smugly every time there is a Linux exploit, you now have to patch servers every time there is an exploit on Windows/Linux/FreeBSD/OpenBSD/....), having different departments or different companies have different distros.
If you really need fault tolerance, having two redundant systems running different software is an excellent idea if you're willing to pay for that level of support.
You can also avoid the monoculture effect by making your "strain" subtly different, for instance prelink lets you randomise the addresses in memory of dynamically loaded libraries making automated exploits harder (since all the addresses changed), or using something like gentoo where you compile everything from scratch with subtly different USE lines, or optimisations.
Even recompiling your kernel with certain options can change the machine enough that common automated exploits won't work.
This is why the proliferation of Linux distros are a good thing, you can have some level of diversity by installing different distros without getting so much diversity that you your support costs go through the roof.
Portability of Linux means you can run Linux on intel and powerpc chips causing almost all automated exploits to fail, but only requiring a recompile as far as software is concerned. This can be a good solution for having two servers in a load balanced, failover cluster by having each server running on a different architecture.
In general, Windows doesn't have these advantages, Windows isn't portable across platforms. Windows doesn't let you recompile large chunks of the OS with different options, Windows only has a limited range of "Editions" and different editions are usually unsuitable for running the same task. Windows is often lacking equivilent software (How many replacements for exchange are there? How many Linux MTA/MDA/MAA's are there?)
Yes, but (for example) lets say a specialized CPU could do FFTs 10x faster per clock cycle than your Opertons - but usually you are looking at paying so much more, that buying 20x more CPUs (even if they are Opertons) and using them is cheaper, and you get more power.
Not only that, you can still use that cluster in the future for other jobs and not have to reinvest millions of dollars again.
It so happened that I had to buy a birthday present for somebody and also buy some new headphones today, so I had three good reasons to go to CompUSA, and I was a tad surprised that there didn't seem to be anybody in the whole store that knew what Panther was. There was one iMac (or was it an eMac? Still confused about that) that had it installed for demo purposes, and demo I did. I'll squeeze in a mini-review of what I saw so far.
:) Highlly recommended, even though I didn't buy it quite yet. Soon, very soon. Especially now that I've touched it... I realize that I really like it but it's not so earth-shattering that I simply must have it. I'm sure many applications will soon be Panther-only (that's what happened with Jaguar), so I'll have to upgrade within the next few months. I hope to be able to do so with a good fiscal conscience within a couple of weeks.
Overall, I was a little surprised at how similar to Jaguar it felt... this is a good thing. We want improvements, but let's not throw the baby out with the bathwater. Speaking of bathwater, the Finder has been replaced and I'm sure the new one is awesome. It was noticeably different but I didn't see a whole lot of Gee Whiz stuff in my quick (about 30 minutes) runthrough. I probably spent about 10 of those minutes playing with the much-heralded Expos, which honestly is DAMN COOL. I only hope it runs that quickly on my 550 PowerBook... probably not, though. I also tested the quick user switching thing. I had to figure out the CompUSA password, but it only took me about three guesses. That's another great feature.
The nicest surprise is that alt-tab (yeah, yeah, command-tab on Mac) application switching has really matured. It's much, MUCH more like Windows now... with a transparent bar that appears center-screen and true stack-based app switching (to make it just as easy to go two applications back as it is to go one application back). As a former Windows keystroke nut, I absolutely had to have my alt-tab support, and I about lost my mind when I first switched to OS X and had to deal with the various incarnations of that, including some shareware that did what I wanted and was subsequently irreparably broken by Jaguar, at which point I got used to Jaguar's better-but-not-quite-there implementation. That was when they almost lost me as a customer, but I just love OS X too damn much.
I'm glad to see they've burst forth with this great upgrade. I obviously wish it wasn't so expensive, but hey, it could be worse... it could be like $400
Sorry it's so long... hope it was sort of interesting.
Sorry, but your machines will start crashing and shut down (or should do if they have half decent BIOS) before you get temps in your rack to anywhere near enough to start doing damage to a HDD.
You could keep a HDD running in 40*C-50*C for months and have no problems. A failed UPS will be noticed in a few hours, maybe a day, maximum, and you will not do any damage, unless the drives are near death anyway.
But what about you accidently deleting things? That will not solve anything - neither will a virus or a badly setup piece of software.
By School I thought high school. I don't know about you but at my HS kids are not allowed to touch the machines apart from the power button and keyboard/mouse.
A large proportion of what we know about gravity and other such issues which are directly needed to send people to the moon has been discovered by British scientists over the years.
I doubt it would of happened if Newton died as a child, for example.
As for the German's, read up on WW2 history. There would of been no ICBMs if it wasn't for the V1 and V2 rockets. I'm sure if the German's could of held out for another year or two in the war they would of most likely won it, they had the first jet aircraft rolling off the production lines just as the allies started invading via the beaches.
Imagine what would of happened if the Allies (and to a lesser extent, the Russians) did not have air superiority when they were attacking Berlin. They would of got 0wned, hard.
The reason this is done is because installing brand new hardware is a lot cheaper than getting 500 PCs retrofitted with RAM/HDD/burner whatever.. Say a technician costs $50/hour, and it takes 15 minutes to fit new RAM per machine (unscrew case, fit RAM, test RAM, screw case back up), it's just not worth it when you can buy brand new machines.
While I'm willing to admit that they won't get them for $500, it won't be long before they do. PC hardware is getting really, really dirt cheap now and therefore it's not worth the time for many people upgrading it.