Transistors are just switches, and the simplest switching is between on and off. But later there were developed trinary (aka ternary) switches (off, positive, negative) but by then the binary computer was so entrenched there was no impetuous to change.
Much of that work was done in Russia. Google "Setun".
There were some BCD hardware that was (claimed to be) much better at decimal math (even if it was faking it with binary). CDC was big into this in the 70s.
I am of the opinion that these people did not buy a license. The seller advertised the sale of the movie. The customer believed they were buying the movie. Everybody involved with the transaction referred to it as purchasing the movie. The situation where you pay for a temporary license to view a movie is called a rental, and Amazon has that as a separate transaction type.
Doesn't matter. They either reneged on the sale or they reneged on the license. Either would seem actionable in court if you ask me. For you or me, its small claims court.
Guess you missed the veto proof majority vote part. But that won't stop the "any opportunity to blame Obama" thing.
Seriously, a presidential veto on a subject like this would only be overridden if it were a pre-arranged "sweetheart deal". Had Bush or Obama had the balls to stand up and say NO, I won't sign it, their party loyalists would follow suit.
Veto proof majority is only veto proof up to the point of calling for the vote to over ride it. From then on, all bets are off.
The truth of the matter is that the administration(s) pulled out all the stops to force approval of these ridiculous laws, twisting arms, making promises, and spinning boogie-man under the bed stories. If the administration suddenly changes course, the flock would follow in lock step.
The congress was full of shit, yes, but that asshole(s) living in the white house is also full of shit !
So are the Assholes wearing black robes, and acting all pious and infallible.
We need a constitutional amendment that instructs the judiciary that their first and foremost task is to enforce the constitution, and the death penalty for violating that obligation doesn't seem unwarranted if you ask me. After all, even ONE judge agreeing to serve on a SECRET COURT empowers a whole bunch of others to do likewise, to the (potentially fatal) detriment of the country.
Its long past time to roll back any laws that allow such shenanigans, and perhaps impose some laws against re-introducing legislation to reestablish such measures. Laws with teeth. If the country can't survive without 24/7 surveillance by government, then its not worth saving.
As if a blog site posting will have any influence of the DRM imposing bean counters in big media.
One suspects that if they didn't have DRM to fall back on they would have long ago insisted on audit rights to our computers, instead of just now getting around to demanding it.
The article, however, is remarkably weak in support for the hypothesis that the people of Mangareva (the "tiny Pacific island" mentioned) actually used binary arithmetic, since in fact it doesn't give any evidence at all that they actually used binary arithmetic. What it says is they have number words for three binary powers of ten:paua for 20; tataua for 40; and varu for 80.
The article wasn't so much weak, as it was in awe of an accident of hindsight. (It only looks "special" because we settled on binary for computers.) It explicitly made the point that base 10 was used except to refer to large groups. Their "special words" took hold only after they ran out of fingers.
In fact, if you look at it as counting the number of "bodies worth of fingers and toes" it looks less like using binary and more like "We can't count that high, but there was one fish in the pond for every finger and toe of each person in our boat). After that they just counted boats.
Its really not much different than westerners counting in dozens, and grosses (something that wiki unconvincingly attributes to the convenience of 12 having many divisors. From the same article you learn there were Latin terms for groups of 15, 20, etc. It seems that special, extra ordinal counting numbers for baskets full of stuff are not that unusual.
Your typical 60 watt bulb is around 6-800. A 70watt is typically over 1000.
Your typical 3 watt LED bulb produces no more than 250 lumens. That's 25watt equivalent. You've got a lot of lumens to make up to get up to the output of 6 40watt incandescent bulbs.
When people price only LED bulbs that can deliver 800 to 1100 lumens, (equivalent to what is in most homes) you are up in the $25 dollar range. The equivalent incandescent can be had for 75 US cents.
So people substitute more bulbs. They never mention the cost of additional wiring.
Its REALLY hard to get people to compare apples to apples here. They keep tossing up bargain basement weak output LED bulbs that you can't really use in practice, unless you triple the number used.
Generating the extra power used by incandescents releases several times the amount of mercury into the air that is contained in an equivalent CFL.
Everyone seems fond of saying that, but no one can produce a single reliable source for that claim. Lets face it, you made that up. There is no argument that Coal fired plants use to emit mercury. The argument is about the marginal saving of coal use by switching to CFCs.
The marginal amount of coal burned to power a 60watt Incandescent vs a CFL for for any entire life of a CFC is hardly measurable in terms of coal volume used. If EVERY Incandescent were replaced with CFC bulbs you save at most 2.5% of generation capacity, and much of that does not come from coal.
(Mercury can be scrubbed from coal emissions. The 2011 Clean Air Act these standards requires American power plants to put in place proven and widely available pollution control technologies to cut harmful emissions of mercury, arsenic, chromium, nickel and acid gases.)
The assumption seems to be that the minute we get everyone switched over to CFL or LEDs we will shut down all the coal fired power plants.
If Google is running a standards compliant SMPT server, they do not get the body of emails with invalid addresses. The channel is closed before that is fetched. Spammers, of course, go out of their way to never directly connect to the ultimate SMPT server, preferring to route through spam friendly middle men, or compromised machines. Therefore they never see the bounce messages.
However they would see the pre-fetched urls in their web-server logs.
When someone sends a URL via Email, the content of that URL never touches Google's servers. Its exactly opposite of sending a file as an attachment, or requesting a DNS. Embedded links are meant to be fetched only by the recipient's browser. For google to play man in the middle, and pre-fetch all of these urls, may well be illegal.
That you are willing to hand over this right, without even a hint of objection is somewhat disturbing. That you are unaware of how embedded links work in html email suggests you probably aren't the best person to be commenting on this subject.
With that attitude, I can only assume you are more than a little bit dissatisfied with this government shutdown of the manufacturing or sale of incondesant bulbs? Same bunch of bungling idiots involved, right?
Of is another sharp swerve in your random hate walk on the horizon?
Grep the raw text of your UCE and SPAM mails. LOTS AND LOTS of companies use emltrk.com In fact, that's all that company does. But lots of companies don't use a service like that, they just have a bazillion random images on one of their own web servers.
Further, google can't very well decide by itself that Image A127867 sent to Joe Sixpack is the same as image B835234 sent to Martha Uptight. After all, one genital selfie might look a whole lot like another.
You need to consider setting your Gmail Account to IMAP and disabling POP.
POP is old school, and has always suffered from the problem of having to manage deletion on only one station, or risk not knowing where your mail went. SM and Thunderbird handle IMAP as can K-9, and just about every modern email program.
Slashdot Mirror
It seems clear they are saying that this guy worked on some good and interesting projects, not that Microsoft's products are the best evar.
To bad "good and interesting" mapping projects weren't on his resume.
Transistors are just switches, and the simplest switching is between on and off. But later there were developed trinary (aka ternary) switches (off, positive, negative) but by then the binary computer was so entrenched there was no impetuous to change.
Much of that work was done in Russia. Google "Setun".
There were some BCD hardware that was (claimed to be) much better at decimal math (even if it was faking it with binary). CDC was big into this in the 70s.
I am of the opinion that these people did not buy a license. The seller advertised the sale of the movie. The customer believed they were buying the movie. Everybody involved with the transaction referred to it as purchasing the movie. The situation where you pay for a temporary license to view a movie is called a rental, and Amazon has that as a separate transaction type.
Doesn't matter. They either reneged on the sale or they reneged on the license. Either would seem actionable in court if you ask me.
For you or me, its small claims court.
For 30,000 customers its civil RICO.
That horse left the barn months ago.
http://techcrunch.com/2010/04/16/riaa-mpaa-would-like-to-scan-your-hard-drive-for-infringing-content/
It would not be overridden.
If obama vetoed it, the democrats would fall in line. The same would have happened with the republicans if Bush over-rode the re-authorization.
They would not override this. Neither party would. Not 10 years after 9/11.
Guess you missed the veto proof majority vote part. But that won't stop the "any opportunity to blame Obama" thing.
Seriously, a presidential veto on a subject like this would only be overridden if it were a pre-arranged "sweetheart deal".
Had Bush or Obama had the balls to stand up and say NO, I won't sign it, their party loyalists would follow suit.
Veto proof majority is only veto proof up to the point of calling for the vote to over ride it. From then on, all bets are off.
The truth of the matter is that the administration(s) pulled out all the stops to force approval of these ridiculous laws, twisting arms, making promises, and spinning boogie-man under the bed stories. If the administration suddenly changes course, the flock would follow in lock step.
It was never veto proof. That's total fiction.
The congress was full of shit, yes, but that asshole(s) living in the white house is also full of shit !
So are the Assholes wearing black robes, and acting all pious and infallible.
We need a constitutional amendment that instructs the judiciary that their first and foremost task is to enforce the constitution, and the death penalty for violating that obligation doesn't seem unwarranted if you ask me. After all, even ONE judge agreeing to serve on a SECRET COURT empowers a whole bunch of others to do likewise, to the (potentially fatal) detriment of the country.
Its long past time to roll back any laws that allow such shenanigans, and perhaps impose some laws against re-introducing legislation to reestablish such measures. Laws with teeth. If the country can't survive without 24/7 surveillance by government, then its not worth saving.
Well, ok, but only as long as your blog posts count as "Mounting Evidence".
As if a blog site posting will have any influence of the DRM imposing bean counters in big media.
One suspects that if they didn't have DRM to fall back on they would have long ago insisted on audit rights to our computers, instead of just now getting around to demanding it.
If you are holding a 6th finger in your right hand, the left hand must be taking the selfie.
The article, however, is remarkably weak in support for the hypothesis that the people of Mangareva (the "tiny Pacific island" mentioned) actually used binary arithmetic, since in fact it doesn't give any evidence at all that they actually used binary arithmetic. What it says is they have number words for three binary powers of ten:paua for 20; tataua for 40; and varu for 80.
The article wasn't so much weak, as it was in awe of an accident of hindsight. (It only looks "special" because we settled on binary for computers.)
It explicitly made the point that base 10 was used except to refer to large groups.
Their "special words" took hold only after they ran out of fingers.
In fact, if you look at it as counting the number of "bodies worth of fingers and toes" it looks less like using binary and more like "We can't count that high, but there was one fish in the pond for every finger and toe of each person in our boat). After that they just counted boats.
Its really not much different than westerners counting in dozens, and grosses (something that wiki unconvincingly attributes to the convenience of 12 having many divisors. From the same article you learn there were Latin terms for groups of 15, 20, etc. It seems that special, extra ordinal counting numbers for baskets full of stuff are not that unusual.
If the SMTP server rejects unknown recipients, then you don't even need to go as far as using tracking images to find out if the address is valid.
You do if you are a spammer. They never connect directly to the target smtp server. They are using your mom's machine to send out emails.
250 lumens?
Your typical 60 watt bulb is around 6-800. A 70watt is typically over 1000.
Your typical 3 watt LED bulb produces no more than 250 lumens. That's 25watt equivalent.
You've got a lot of lumens to make up to get up to the output of 6 40watt incandescent bulbs.
When people price only LED bulbs that can deliver 800 to 1100 lumens, (equivalent to what is in most homes) you are up in the $25 dollar range.
The equivalent incandescent can be had for 75 US cents.
So people substitute more bulbs. They never mention the cost of additional wiring.
Its REALLY hard to get people to compare apples to apples here. They keep tossing up bargain basement weak output
LED bulbs that you can't really use in practice, unless you triple the number used.
Generating the extra power used by incandescents releases several times the amount of mercury into the air that is contained in an equivalent CFL.
Everyone seems fond of saying that, but no one can produce a single reliable source for that claim. Lets face it, you made that up.
There is no argument that Coal fired plants use to emit mercury. The argument is about the marginal saving of coal use by switching to CFCs.
The marginal amount of coal burned to power a 60watt Incandescent vs a CFL for for any entire life of a CFC is hardly measurable in terms of coal volume used. If EVERY Incandescent were replaced with CFC bulbs you save at most 2.5% of generation capacity, and much of that does not come from coal.
(Mercury can be scrubbed from coal emissions. The 2011 Clean Air Act these standards requires American power plants to put in place proven and widely available pollution control technologies to cut harmful emissions of mercury, arsenic, chromium, nickel and acid gases.)
The assumption seems to be that the minute we get everyone switched over to CFL or LEDs we will shut down all the coal fired power plants.
If Google is running a standards compliant SMPT server, they do not get the body of emails with invalid addresses. The channel is closed before that is fetched.
Spammers, of course, go out of their way to never directly connect to the ultimate SMPT server, preferring to route through spam friendly middle men, or compromised machines. Therefore they never see the bounce messages.
However they would see the pre-fetched urls in their web-server logs.
When someone sends a URL via Email, the content of that URL never touches Google's servers. Its exactly opposite of sending a file as an attachment, or requesting a DNS. Embedded links are meant to be fetched only by the recipient's browser. For google to play man in the middle, and pre-fetch all of these urls, may well be illegal.
That you are willing to hand over this right, without even a hint of objection is somewhat disturbing.
That you are unaware of how embedded links work in html email suggests you probably aren't the best person to be commenting on this subject.
With that attitude, I can only assume you are more than a little bit dissatisfied with this government shutdown of the manufacturing or sale of incondesant bulbs? Same bunch of bungling idiots involved, right?
Of is another sharp swerve in your random hate walk on the horizon?
Your argument would seem to be with the EPA, who are the ones who posted the evacuate the room upon breakage order.
Maybe you should take all of your extensive research and environmental monitoring data to them.
And with longer daylight in summer, lights will be off much more of the time. So no heat.
Your example of devious spammers using single-pixel images is a really poor one. Google probably has all those images stored somewhere already.
No, its not a poor example. I get them all the time.
Here's one for you: (it took me all of 15 seconds to find one in my spam bin)
https://q4fg3t1i.emltrk.com/q4fg3t1i?p&d=3D3215081772,F2A9FJZZ,TC05EM,CMNC04,U007
Grep the raw text of your UCE and SPAM mails. LOTS AND LOTS of companies use emltrk.com In fact, that's all that company does.
But lots of companies don't use a service like that, they just have a bazillion random images on one of their own web servers.
Further, google can't very well decide by itself that Image A127867 sent to Joe Sixpack is the same as image B835234 sent to Martha Uptight.
After all, one genital selfie might look a whole lot like another.
You need to consider setting your Gmail Account to IMAP and disabling POP.
POP is old school, and has always suffered from the problem of having to manage deletion on only one station, or risk not knowing where your mail went.
SM and Thunderbird handle IMAP as can K-9, and just about every modern email program.
First, they aren't my figures.
Second, you didn't read very well.
You totally missed this:
[You can buy] a single incandescent of this type for $0.34, so our total cost for bulbs over 30,000 hours would be $7.82.
The price of bulbs was already calculated into the numbers.
Sometimes it pays to do a little research. Personally, I have no use for 40 watt equivalents. 60 is barely adequate.
http://led-light-bulbs-review.toptenreviews.com/
http://www.technologyreview.com/view/512346/how-to-choose-an-led-light-bulb/
Son, please stay in school.
You can heat your house with incandescent light bulbs, but a heat pump is approximately 4x more efficient.
Some places maybe.