They stole that from an old Doctor Who episode. The Tardis was trapped in subspace with a ship constructed out of white dwarf metal. No matter how many times the Doctor warped, he ended up in the same place. And the whole thing was getting smaller every minute.
That's exactly why people hate Muslims. If you can't take criticism about your religion or its founder, then fuck you.
Go to Utah and talk about Joseph Smith. Talk about how Mormons were polygamists. You may get dirty looks and some people will try and debate you, but no one will kill you.
Go ask your local Catholic how many boys he fucked today. He won't demand you be put to death.
Go to DC and demand that the President be held on war crimes. No one will have you shot in the head.
I'm willing to bet that 90% of Muslims don't burn embassies or stone promiscuous women. I'd like to belive that 90% of Arabs don't thing amputation is a proper punishment for thieves. I tell myself, before bed, that 99% of Muslims don't think Christians and Jews should be put to death.
Sure, it may be the 1% or 5% or 10% that we see acting like asses. So why don't the other 90% put an end to it?
I think the only real answer is that 90% of Muslims really think that cartoons in Europe deserve burning embassies and nationwide boycotts.
>>At this point, I'm just happy with any game that doesn't want the CD/DVD in the drive. I switch games too often.
That's the ultimate answer. Game companies will begin to use publishers like Valve and systems like Steam.
Now, I'm not saying Steam is perfect; no protection system ever is. Hell, I see the "full version all steam games" torrents up at TPB. Never having tried, I can't attest to their workability.
However, as a consumer, having one central app that lists games avalable along with prices is great. I can do three clicks before bed and have the game ready to play the next morning. And that's on slow DSL. I don't have to drive to the mall or wade through Wal Mart. I don't have to dispose of 5 layers of wrapping or figure out a way to store a CD and keycode.
But, as much as I love online distros, lots of companies are going to die because of it. A perfect example is rFactor. Now, I like racing sims. I'll throw them on the PC, play them a few weeks, then go on to something new. After a month of WoW, I'll go back to the racing sim to kill some time. However, even though I bought the download edition of rFactor, I only get 5 installs. I've had it under a month and I've already used two of them. I'll never get anything from that publisher agian. Limiting installs for online distros is not a step forewards; it's a huge fucking leap backwards.
>>my right to speak my conscience or reveal information about others should be protected from government infringement
So, you wouldn't have a problem with me publishing your SSN or your bank account number? What if I published your check stubs and account balances?
You wouldn't care if someone took upskirt pics of your wife, would you? You don't think the government should stop that person from uploading them to The Hun?
What if I took pics of your kids on the playground and published what school they attend?
I'm not on ATTs side here. However, just saying that anyone can publish anything they get their hands on is ridiculous. Some information is suposed to be respected and kept private.
From their perspective, it does not matter where one person goes. They want to know where thousands of people go. They are not tracking you, they are tracking what you view. It works just like the Neilsons' Rating. They want to know how many people view/. every day as compared to Digg.
Now, you may consider that a bad thing. However, it's a lot like a Neilson rating for a web site. They are not tracking you. They are tracking where you go.
I know it's kinda fucked up. But it is useful.
Also, don't forget that Slashdot itself *is* spyware. Don't belive me? Every page has (at least) two links back to Google for tracking purposes. Look at your Adblock lists for these:
A lot of those "critical" flags are not, well, critical. Both progs seem to flag cookies as Spyware. Now, an open cookie might be bad, but it is not what I'm looking for when I run SpyBot.
Furthermore, AdAware has a really nasty habit. I run it, clean the system, and reboot. When I run it agian, it finds more problems. No matter how many times I run this, it'll still find a few "critical" spyware problems.
Just to test, I installed VMware and WinXP with SP2. I used the Autopatcher program to ensure the system was good to go. In installed AdAware and ran it with definitions I downloaded and manually coppied to the partition.
On a fresh install with zero connection to the internet, I found several hundred "critical" problems. I ren the tool 3 times to let it clean the partition. Then I rebooted. After the system came back up, it found 20 more "critical" problems.
My point? 90% of what anti-Spyware and anti-virus tools do is a complete scam.
Install and patch XP. Install and update Firefox. Install Adblock and the Filterset.G rules. You'll be 99% protected from any problems. If you surf pr0n a lot, use a Knoppix LiveCD for that. If you download warez, then use VMware or VirtualPC to test things out first.
An excellent example would be the defrag tools. Win2k and WinXp both have a defrag tool built right in. However, a lot of people still go out and grab Diskkeeper. Why? Because DK is marginally better than the built in tool.
There are a ton of people that bought and installed McAafe and Norton AV tools. They just figure that the more AV they have, the better.
Also look at spyware tools. Most geeks recommend running at least two tools. Spybot and AdAware seem to be the most popular. MS adding AV or anti-spyware won't hurt these companies too bad.
Additionally, what happend when Dell, Compaq, and Sony decide to bundle some Spyware with their distro? Will they force MS to whitelist the app? Will they disable or break the anti-spyware?
I can just imagine the hijinks when your brand new computer informs you that you have spyware before you even connect it to the Internet.
1. Install OS and drivers on testbed device. 2. Install apps and configure. 3. Apply OS and app patches. 4. Implement basic security functions like renaming admin (dumb) and removing "user" ability to write to C: drive. 5. Image the drive. 6. Upload the Image to the RIS server. 7. Boot mass devices from netboot and point them to the RIS server.
Using that system, we can get a good image in a day and deploy it over the weekend. When the user comes in on monday, they complain their wallpaper is gone and they can't find some supersecret document they stashed in some strange directory. Other than that, it's usually smooth sailing.
It's easy to look at it as a economic problem. Eventually, everything will equalize.
However, what are people suposed to do till then?
Do you really think that a NOC staff of 50 will all find work as technical writers? What are the other 49 people suposed to do for the next 20 years while the market comes around?
We cannot become a country of CEOs and fast-food employees.
Maybe we can all become plummers and mechanics and hairdressers.
Face it, we all laughed while auto workers were laid off in droves after the advent of robotic welders. Now it's our turn.
>>You can hardly get good managed services when the dude is beside the boxes
When you have to pay an entry-level tech $30k per year, service will suck. You could hire a CCIE/whatever uber MS cert for less than that in India.
>>Also, as others have pointed out if the network is truly down down down, they're powerless.
Just not true. You get good network diagrams and flowcharts. When something breaks, you call some network monitoring tech at the datacenter and tell him to reboot server 2835-1. Or, tell him to take the KVM cart and attach it to server 1805-6 and reboot. Then, he can login and do exactly what you tell him to restore whatever service has failed.
Short of a broken cable, the network outage is easily fixed remotely.
If there is some critical outage, you call a local contracting company and hire some CCIEs and MCwhatevers on an hourly basis to come in and fix it.
If you want that level of service in a US doctor, then ask your congress critter for Tort reform.
Have congress draft a universal medical contract. That contract would specify what the patient was responsible for and what the doctor was responsible for.
Any patient problems would have to be addressed by a board of doctors in the field that the accused doctor specialized in. They'd look at the case and decide if the doctor screwed up. If he screwed up, then he'd lose his license and the patient would get a full refund for any medical bill.
The reason you pay $9 for an asprin at a US hospital is because once every few years, the asprin fails to fix someone's headache. Then the person sues for $20 million.
Stop that and you'll be able to have good US health care at affordable prices.
Personally, I thing not having face time might be a good thing. I managed a small network (only 400ish workstations and a handfull of servers) that was distributed over a large area. We had a Cisco 7500 in the datacenter and Cisco 2500s at the customer locations. It was mostly linked via T-1s and some Frame Relay. The customer locations had a Cisco 1900 or 2900 switch and CAT-V distributed to the desktops. All the Cisco kit and the WinNT workstations had SNMP installed and enabled. All the desktops had VNC installed an enabled.
I had SNMP traps for things like high temp, low memory, and disk full. All the traps were caught by HP OpenView and MRTG graphs provided us with constant entertainment.
In our setup, we *rarely* had to visit customers.
On top of that, we usually knew, before the customer even called, if there was a critical problem. When links dropped, we'd flip on the answering machine, update the message that we had a problem and were fixing it, and go to work.
If a customer had a problem with "I can't find my powerpoint", we'd VNC in and watch the customer. If they did something wrong, we'd tell them to watch while we did it.
That's BS. Power in DC is based on seniority. There is no way Utah will every get rid of Hatch. There is no way Mass will ever vote out Kennedy. And do you think Alaska would ever get rid of Stephens?
Those states need those people. Mass knows that the one time every decade they need Kennedy, he'll be able to get face time on every network because he's a Kennedy. They know that his peers will listen beceuse if they don't, he'll talk to the lobyists and their campaign money will dry up.
Junior House and Senate members have no choice but to listen to the Senior members.
The President has a term limit. Why shouldn't Congress?
Politicians don't care. And maybe they shouldn't. There are bigger fish to fry right now.
I understand that in an online community, privacy is a big issue. Just like condoms in schools are a big issue with soccer moms. However, in the overall scheme of things, there are a lot of areas that need to be fixed.
If you really want to make a change, start demanding term limits on the Senate and House.
Demand a Constitutional ammendment limiting the ammount of money a single person is able to contribute to a political party. $500 sounds like a good number.
Demand that lobyists be forced to open their books on all expendatures. Make every cent that the AARP, NRA, NAACP, etc be accounted for and displayed on the web.
Demand that politicians be forced to committ to promises during their campaign. Failure to make serious headway towards campaign promises should be grounds for Impeachment.
Demand that the DoD and other government agencies reduce their budgets while maintaining manpower to accomplish their missions. Do we really need to spend $200m on the F-22 when the $40m F-16 and F-18 is still good? Sure, the F-22 is nice, but would you rather be defended by a single F-22 or 5 F-16s? Do you really think a pilot in an F-22 could take out 5 F-16s?
Privacy is *not* the problem; it's the symptom. When you start asking why our privacy is at risk, you'll eventually come to the core problem. Govenrment corruption and power grabs are the real problem.
Maybe we should let Grissom and the other CSIs analyze the tape and recover the "overscan". That should make the entire plane visible; what, with there being 90% overscan in NTSC and all.
After that, a bit of time in the video lab and we'll be able to clearly see everyone on the plane through the windows. Don't worry if their seats weren't perfectly aligned, they can just get the reflection from some dude's glasses and reconstruct the image from there.
By the end of a 45-minute episode, we'll have a complete 3D reconstruction of the crash.
Water may be natural, but it isn't limited. There is just as much water on the planet today as there was 500 years ago. 500 years from now, there will still be the same ammount of water. The water might not be potable, but it'll still be here.
It started as a virtually free service for local connections.
Then came the expensive interstate links.
After that, chaos for a while. Monopolies and a lot of people getting screwed.
Finally, phone service is virtually too cheap to meter. Unlimited long distance for $30 a month.
I remember when 5 families in my area shared one phone line. You'd pcik up, see if anyone was on it, then make your call. After that, the telco install a local exchange and gave us all seperate phone lines. Now, I have 4 seperate lines just in my house. All for under $40 a month. Not to mention cell service.
Anyway, something to consider is that the voice network is where it is because of the high prices our parents paid. Do you remember paying several dollars per minute for a call 50 miles away? I do.
But the internet never worked that way. Well, it did, sort of, but not really. We pay $20 to $40 a month and that's it. The local ISP does not get to charge more for a packet that takes 25 hops. Without the right to charge for better QoS, the ISPs (which are already running on razor thin margins) don't have the budget to upgrade.
They stole that from an old Doctor Who episode. The Tardis was trapped in subspace with a ship constructed out of white dwarf metal. No matter how many times the Doctor warped, he ended up in the same place. And the whole thing was getting smaller every minute.
One problem at a time. I think that most Americans want to see and end to *all* illegal immigration.
However, the first time soccer moms see that oranges cost $30 a pound, they'll get really quiet.
That's exactly why people hate Muslims. If you can't take criticism about your religion or its founder, then fuck you.
Go to Utah and talk about Joseph Smith. Talk about how Mormons were polygamists. You may get dirty looks and some people will try and debate you, but no one will kill you.
Go ask your local Catholic how many boys he fucked today. He won't demand you be put to death.
Go to DC and demand that the President be held on war crimes. No one will have you shot in the head.
I'm willing to bet that 90% of Muslims don't burn embassies or stone promiscuous women. I'd like to belive that 90% of Arabs don't thing amputation is a proper punishment for thieves. I tell myself, before bed, that 99% of Muslims don't think Christians and Jews should be put to death.
Sure, it may be the 1% or 5% or 10% that we see acting like asses. So why don't the other 90% put an end to it?
I think the only real answer is that 90% of Muslims really think that cartoons in Europe deserve burning embassies and nationwide boycotts.
>>At this point, I'm just happy with any game that doesn't want the CD/DVD in the drive. I switch games too often.
That's the ultimate answer. Game companies will begin to use publishers like Valve and systems like Steam.
Now, I'm not saying Steam is perfect; no protection system ever is. Hell, I see the "full version all steam games" torrents up at TPB. Never having tried, I can't attest to their workability.
However, as a consumer, having one central app that lists games avalable along with prices is great. I can do three clicks before bed and have the game ready to play the next morning. And that's on slow DSL. I don't have to drive to the mall or wade through Wal Mart. I don't have to dispose of 5 layers of wrapping or figure out a way to store a CD and keycode.
But, as much as I love online distros, lots of companies are going to die because of it. A perfect example is rFactor. Now, I like racing sims. I'll throw them on the PC, play them a few weeks, then go on to something new. After a month of WoW, I'll go back to the racing sim to kill some time. However, even though I bought the download edition of rFactor, I only get 5 installs. I've had it under a month and I've already used two of them. I'll never get anything from that publisher agian. Limiting installs for online distros is not a step forewards; it's a huge fucking leap backwards.
Have several hundred thousand caring people go to DC and sit in front of the White House till they change.
>>my right to speak my conscience or reveal information about others should be protected from government infringement
So, you wouldn't have a problem with me publishing your SSN or your bank account number? What if I published your check stubs and account balances?
You wouldn't care if someone took upskirt pics of your wife, would you? You don't think the government should stop that person from uploading them to The Hun?
What if I took pics of your kids on the playground and published what school they attend?
I'm not on ATTs side here. However, just saying that anyone can publish anything they get their hands on is ridiculous. Some information is suposed to be respected and kept private.
How many public pay phones are covered by video survalence? Any nearby buisnesses, ATMs, or traffic light cameras would have caught the leak.
The government knows it cannot use information obtained in this program to put Americans on trial.
But that does not mean that the leak won't dissappear or die in a car crash...
From their perspective, it does not matter where one person goes. They want to know where thousands of people go. They are not tracking you, they are tracking what you view. It works just like the Neilsons' Rating. They want to know how many people view /. every day as compared to Digg.
The Alexia installed with IE isn't a malicious spyware. It's main purpose is to track how much bandwidth a site gets like this:
6 5719776&utmsr=1024x768&utmsc=32-bit&utmul=en-us&ut mje=1&utmfl=8.0%20%20r22&utmdt=Spy%20Sweeper%2C%20 the%20Next%20Netscape%3F&utmhn=it.slashdot.org&utm r=0&utmp=/comments.pl?sid=186319&op=Reply&threshol d=3&commentsort=3&mode=nested&pid=15377738&utmac=U A-32013-5&utmcc=__utma%3D121224016.1653556031.1146 625095.1148006354.1148265152.18%3B%2B__utmb%3D1212 24016%3B%2B__utmc%3D121224016%3B%2B__utmz%3D121224 016.1148265152.18.16.utmccn%3D(referral)%7Cutmcsr% 3Dslashdot.org%7Cutmcct%3D%2F%7Cutmcmd%3Dreferral% 3B%2B
http://www.alexaholic.com/digg.com+slashdot.org
Now, you may consider that a bad thing. However, it's a lot like a Neilson rating for a web site. They are not tracking you. They are tracking where you go.
I know it's kinda fucked up. But it is useful.
Also, don't forget that Slashdot itself *is* spyware. Don't belive me? Every page has (at least) two links back to Google for tracking purposes. Look at your Adblock lists for these:
www.google-analytics.com/urchin.js
www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmwv=1&utmn=1
Also, there are these that look pretty bad:
a.as-us.falkag.net
an.tacoda.net
A lot of those "critical" flags are not, well, critical. Both progs seem to flag cookies as Spyware. Now, an open cookie might be bad, but it is not what I'm looking for when I run SpyBot.
Furthermore, AdAware has a really nasty habit. I run it, clean the system, and reboot. When I run it agian, it finds more problems. No matter how many times I run this, it'll still find a few "critical" spyware problems.
Just to test, I installed VMware and WinXP with SP2. I used the Autopatcher program to ensure the system was good to go. In installed AdAware and ran it with definitions I downloaded and manually coppied to the partition.
On a fresh install with zero connection to the internet, I found several hundred "critical" problems. I ren the tool 3 times to let it clean the partition. Then I rebooted. After the system came back up, it found 20 more "critical" problems.
My point? 90% of what anti-Spyware and anti-virus tools do is a complete scam.
Install and patch XP. Install and update Firefox. Install Adblock and the Filterset.G rules. You'll be 99% protected from any problems. If you surf pr0n a lot, use a Knoppix LiveCD for that. If you download warez, then use VMware or VirtualPC to test things out first.
An excellent example would be the defrag tools. Win2k and WinXp both have a defrag tool built right in. However, a lot of people still go out and grab Diskkeeper. Why? Because DK is marginally better than the built in tool.
There are a ton of people that bought and installed McAafe and Norton AV tools. They just figure that the more AV they have, the better.
Also look at spyware tools. Most geeks recommend running at least two tools. Spybot and AdAware seem to be the most popular. MS adding AV or anti-spyware won't hurt these companies too bad.
Additionally, what happend when Dell, Compaq, and Sony decide to bundle some Spyware with their distro? Will they force MS to whitelist the app? Will they disable or break the anti-spyware?
I can just imagine the hijinks when your brand new computer informs you that you have spyware before you even connect it to the Internet.
>>After all, what are you going to do?
Buy a PS3 online. Get a friend in the US to buy one for US prices and box it up. Write "DVD Player" on the customs tag and FedEx that shit to you.
Have him do the same with some of the top-rates games. Just have him send a few games every month.
You can return the favor by sending Vegemite/Marmmite back to him.
It's changed a bit. Now we:
1. Install OS and drivers on testbed device.
2. Install apps and configure.
3. Apply OS and app patches.
4. Implement basic security functions like renaming admin (dumb) and removing "user" ability to write to C: drive.
5. Image the drive.
6. Upload the Image to the RIS server.
7. Boot mass devices from netboot and point them to the RIS server.
Using that system, we can get a good image in a day and deploy it over the weekend. When the user comes in on monday, they complain their wallpaper is gone and they can't find some supersecret document they stashed in some strange directory. Other than that, it's usually smooth sailing.
It's easy to look at it as a economic problem. Eventually, everything will equalize.
However, what are people suposed to do till then?
Do you really think that a NOC staff of 50 will all find work as technical writers? What are the other 49 people suposed to do for the next 20 years while the market comes around?
We cannot become a country of CEOs and fast-food employees.
Maybe we can all become plummers and mechanics and hairdressers.
Face it, we all laughed while auto workers were laid off in droves after the advent of robotic welders. Now it's our turn.
>>You can hardly get good managed services when the dude is beside the boxes
When you have to pay an entry-level tech $30k per year, service will suck. You could hire a CCIE/whatever uber MS cert for less than that in India.
>>Also, as others have pointed out if the network is truly down down down, they're powerless.
Just not true. You get good network diagrams and flowcharts. When something breaks, you call some network monitoring tech at the datacenter and tell him to reboot server 2835-1. Or, tell him to take the KVM cart and attach it to server 1805-6 and reboot. Then, he can login and do exactly what you tell him to restore whatever service has failed.
Short of a broken cable, the network outage is easily fixed remotely.
If there is some critical outage, you call a local contracting company and hire some CCIEs and MCwhatevers on an hourly basis to come in and fix it.
If you want that level of service in a US doctor, then ask your congress critter for Tort reform.
Have congress draft a universal medical contract. That contract would specify what the patient was responsible for and what the doctor was responsible for.
Any patient problems would have to be addressed by a board of doctors in the field that the accused doctor specialized in. They'd look at the case and decide if the doctor screwed up. If he screwed up, then he'd lose his license and the patient would get a full refund for any medical bill.
The reason you pay $9 for an asprin at a US hospital is because once every few years, the asprin fails to fix someone's headache. Then the person sues for $20 million.
Stop that and you'll be able to have good US health care at affordable prices.
Personally, I thing not having face time might be a good thing. I managed a small network (only 400ish workstations and a handfull of servers) that was distributed over a large area. We had a Cisco 7500 in the datacenter and Cisco 2500s at the customer locations. It was mostly linked via T-1s and some Frame Relay. The customer locations had a Cisco 1900 or 2900 switch and CAT-V distributed to the desktops. All the Cisco kit and the WinNT workstations had SNMP installed and enabled. All the desktops had VNC installed an enabled.
I had SNMP traps for things like high temp, low memory, and disk full. All the traps were caught by HP OpenView and MRTG graphs provided us with constant entertainment.
In our setup, we *rarely* had to visit customers.
On top of that, we usually knew, before the customer even called, if there was a critical problem. When links dropped, we'd flip on the answering machine, update the message that we had a problem and were fixing it, and go to work.
If a customer had a problem with "I can't find my powerpoint", we'd VNC in and watch the customer. If they did something wrong, we'd tell them to watch while we did it.
That's BS. Power in DC is based on seniority. There is no way Utah will every get rid of Hatch. There is no way Mass will ever vote out Kennedy. And do you think Alaska would ever get rid of Stephens?
Those states need those people. Mass knows that the one time every decade they need Kennedy, he'll be able to get face time on every network because he's a Kennedy. They know that his peers will listen beceuse if they don't, he'll talk to the lobyists and their campaign money will dry up.
Junior House and Senate members have no choice but to listen to the Senior members.
The President has a term limit. Why shouldn't Congress?
Politicians don't care. And maybe they shouldn't. There are bigger fish to fry right now.
I understand that in an online community, privacy is a big issue. Just like condoms in schools are a big issue with soccer moms. However, in the overall scheme of things, there are a lot of areas that need to be fixed.
If you really want to make a change, start demanding term limits on the Senate and House.
Demand a Constitutional ammendment limiting the ammount of money a single person is able to contribute to a political party. $500 sounds like a good number.
Demand that lobyists be forced to open their books on all expendatures. Make every cent that the AARP, NRA, NAACP, etc be accounted for and displayed on the web.
Demand that politicians be forced to committ to promises during their campaign. Failure to make serious headway towards campaign promises should be grounds for Impeachment.
Demand that the DoD and other government agencies reduce their budgets while maintaining manpower to accomplish their missions. Do we really need to spend $200m on the F-22 when the $40m F-16 and F-18 is still good? Sure, the F-22 is nice, but would you rather be defended by a single F-22 or 5 F-16s? Do you really think a pilot in an F-22 could take out 5 F-16s?
Privacy is *not* the problem; it's the symptom. When you start asking why our privacy is at risk, you'll eventually come to the core problem. Govenrment corruption and power grabs are the real problem.
Maybe we should let Grissom and the other CSIs analyze the tape and recover the "overscan". That should make the entire plane visible; what, with there being 90% overscan in NTSC and all.
After that, a bit of time in the video lab and we'll be able to clearly see everyone on the plane through the windows. Don't worry if their seats weren't perfectly aligned, they can just get the reflection from some dude's glasses and reconstruct the image from there.
By the end of a 45-minute episode, we'll have a complete 3D reconstruction of the crash.
Electricity is neither limited nor natural.
Water may be natural, but it isn't limited. There is just as much water on the planet today as there was 500 years ago. 500 years from now, there will still be the same ammount of water. The water might not be potable, but it'll still be here.
Some people are into that kinda thing.
You are absolutely right about phone service.
It started as a virtually free service for local connections.
Then came the expensive interstate links.
After that, chaos for a while. Monopolies and a lot of people getting screwed.
Finally, phone service is virtually too cheap to meter. Unlimited long distance for $30 a month.
I remember when 5 families in my area shared one phone line. You'd pcik up, see if anyone was on it, then make your call. After that, the telco install a local exchange and gave us all seperate phone lines. Now, I have 4 seperate lines just in my house. All for under $40 a month. Not to mention cell service.
Anyway, something to consider is that the voice network is where it is because of the high prices our parents paid. Do you remember paying several dollars per minute for a call 50 miles away? I do.
But the internet never worked that way. Well, it did, sort of, but not really. We pay $20 to $40 a month and that's it. The local ISP does not get to charge more for a packet that takes 25 hops. Without the right to charge for better QoS, the ISPs (which are already running on razor thin margins) don't have the budget to upgrade.
My roomate's comment about my pr0n connection: "You chat with your mom on that line?"
Kinda a take on the old "you kiss your mom with that mouth" exclamation.