Cancer cells are simply human cells with damaged DNA. They do not mutate any more or less than a normal human cell... which means they're very unlikely to adapt to any treatment
I suggest you start reading "Genetic instabilites in human cancers" by Lengauer, Kinzler, and Vogelstein and most of their 95 references to find out how wrong you are. Google p53 to start with, there are hundreds of genes involved in DNA repair and checkpointing, damages to these will screw up the rate of repair so mutations will accumulate much faster (on the order of 100 times faster) than in normal cells.
and all cancer cells spread from that first cell are exactly like each other and only one mutation point different from surrounding normal cells.
For example: ONE discovered type of cancer is caused by a single mutation
You are so completely wrong, its hard to guess at what the source of your error might be
Nonetheless, most cancers have quite a large amount of genetic changes (google "gross chromosomal abnormalities in cancer cells" to start with), heterogeneity is a common feature, I can upload microarrays to my web site if you don't believe me, or you can start with Nature vol. 407 pp249-257 for an example of why heterogeneity is important and for a discussion of natural selection based on angiogenesis genes. You were saying?
A cancer colony may get started due to a point mutation in a particular cell, but there is NO reason to think that the subsequent rate of mutation is high,
You mean there's NO reason you can think of. Unfortunately there's a lot of evidence that the mutation rate is higher, try reading up on p53 to start with..
some rare mutation in the DNA replication machinery
Double digit percentages aren't usually described as "rare".
Senesence refers to cells that are no longer dividing but still metabolically active. Programmed cell death is apoptosis (from the Greek for falling leaves or something like that), "uncontrolled" cell death is necrosis. Telomerase (a protein with RNA) is a part of what cancer is about, but there are other things like genetic instability, lack of programmed cell death in general, increased replication rate, angiogenesis, etc.
Yeah, but where are the Windows users going afterwards?
Don't you listen to Cake? "Sheep go to heaven, goats go to hell". So Windows users are going to heaven, I'm going to roast in hell, thankyou very much.
but it does mean that Americans getting off the plane for the first time in Tokyo are confronted with an overwhelming feeling that this place isstrange, dammit
It's funny, but coming from Australia you'd think I'd feel right at home in both the UK and US, but there are lots of little things that make me feel slightly out of place in both countries. I think Gibson's "mirror world" term describes it best. And it's much the same with programming, not that I've explicitly programmed for windows, but it's quite a difference writing GUIs in Java or C++ as opposed to command line tools in Perl or C. Each to their own, I guess:)
Your logic is wrong in saying that just because they are geographically in the east they can't be a 'western' country
I didn't say that they can't be a 'western' country because they aren't in the Western Hemisphere. Believe it or not, there is a correlation between geopgraphy and culture.
it has nothing to do with where they are geographically.
Well China is neither in the Western Hemisphere, not in Western Europe, nor does it share much in common (using the other definition) culturally with either (though that is changing).
If you were talking only about patents, why bother mentioning the Berne convention? As I pointed out, patents are a bad example to use for reason I gave. Discussing differences in methods of copying is hardly evidence that the problem is worse in China or in SE Asia for that matter. They've been getting tougher, the problem is that unless you crack down on the poeple running the operations they just set up shop again, kind of like on P2P / IRC in the US.
The issue (and the Berne convention) is about copyright, not patents, which are something different. Confusing the two is hardly "+1 insightful". Patents have to be applied for on a nation / nation-bloc basis, and this costs extra money, so it's probably perfectly legal to make knock-off products. Also, China was in the Eastern Hemisphere last I checked, so of course they're not going to operate like a Western country.
In a new essay, information theorist Edward Tufte outlines why PowerPoint 'forces people to mutilate data beyond comprehension.' The Columbia Accident Investigation Board at NASA agrees, noting that the slides produced by engineers to report on the wing damage were so confusing that 'a senior manager might read this PowerPoint slide and not realize that it addresses a life-threatening situation.
Correct me if I'm wrong, but powerpoint doesn't have a wizard that says "it looks like you're trying to insert text saying `life threatening situation' in size 44 text, would you like to Dilbertize this slide?".
That depends on the message size - with a sufficiently large message, with any portion of it being known by the interceptor, you can eventually reverse engineer the encryption method used.
Well even if they have part of the message, they still won't be able to decipher the rest of it with a one-time pad. You mention the limitations, but there are situations where those aren't problems, eg you give the other party the one-time pad in person, then communicate only a few messages at some distance.
No, a translation of a beowulf "cluster" goes something like: while (true) {
print "So. The Spear-Danes in days gone by
and the kings who ruled them had courage and greatness.
We have heard of those princes' heroic campaigns...";
}
# props to Seamus Heaney
Slashdot Mirror
Cancer cells are simply human cells with damaged DNA. They do not mutate any more or less than a normal human cell... which means they're very unlikely to adapt to any treatment
I suggest you start reading "Genetic instabilites in human cancers" by Lengauer, Kinzler, and Vogelstein and most of their 95 references to find out how wrong you are. Google p53 to start with, there are hundreds of genes involved in DNA repair and checkpointing, damages to these will screw up the rate of repair so mutations will accumulate much faster (on the order of 100 times faster) than in normal cells.
and all cancer cells spread from that first cell are exactly like each other and only one mutation point different from surrounding normal cells. For example: ONE discovered type of cancer is caused by a single mutation You are so completely wrong, its hard to guess at what the source of your error might be
Nonetheless, most cancers have quite a large amount of genetic changes (google "gross chromosomal abnormalities in cancer cells" to start with), heterogeneity is a common feature, I can upload microarrays to my web site if you don't believe me, or you can start with Nature vol. 407 pp249-257 for an example of why heterogeneity is important and for a discussion of natural selection based on angiogenesis genes. You were saying?
A cancer colony may get started due to a point mutation in a particular cell, but there is NO reason to think that the subsequent rate of mutation is high,
You mean there's NO reason you can think of. Unfortunately there's a lot of evidence that the mutation rate is higher, try reading up on p53 to start with..
some rare mutation in the DNA replication machinery
Double digit percentages aren't usually described as "rare".
Just because it's not lysing non-cancerous cells doesn't mean it can't infect them
Yes
Senescence, rather. Just to be picky :)
Senesence refers to cells that are no longer dividing but still metabolically active. Programmed cell death is apoptosis (from the Greek for falling leaves or something like that), "uncontrolled" cell death is necrosis. Telomerase (a protein with RNA) is a part of what cancer is about, but there are other things like genetic instability, lack of programmed cell death in general, increased replication rate, angiogenesis, etc.
I mean holly of course - what did you think I meant?
;)
I thought you meant Holly, not holly.
Yeah, but where are the Windows users going afterwards?
Don't you listen to Cake? "Sheep go to heaven, goats go to hell". So Windows users are going to heaven, I'm going to roast in hell, thankyou very much.
raymond's last book? i didn't know he died;-}
;)
Switching from windows to Unix is like resurrection though, from something worldy to something spiritual
but it does mean that Americans getting off the plane for the first time in Tokyo are confronted with an overwhelming feeling that this place isstrange, dammit
:)
It's funny, but coming from Australia you'd think I'd feel right at home in both the UK and US, but there are lots of little things that make me feel slightly out of place in both countries. I think Gibson's "mirror world" term describes it best. And it's much the same with programming, not that I've explicitly programmed for windows, but it's quite a difference writing GUIs in Java or C++ as opposed to command line tools in Perl or C. Each to their own, I guess
Your logic is wrong in saying that just because they are geographically in the east they can't be a 'western' country
I didn't say that they can't be a 'western' country because they aren't in the Western Hemisphere. Believe it or not, there is a correlation between geopgraphy and culture.
the US is not in the western hemisphere
Yes, yes it is.
The point is still valid. How long will it be before we see this on Mong Kok's night market?
;)
Once they finish downloading from an American on cable internet running a P2P/IRC/Usenet client/server
western is what you name it,
Ever heard of a dictionary?
it has nothing to do with where they are geographically.
Well China is neither in the Western Hemisphere, not in Western Europe, nor does it share much in common (using the other definition) culturally with either (though that is changing).
If you were talking only about patents, why bother mentioning the Berne convention? As I pointed out, patents are a bad example to use for reason I gave. Discussing differences in methods of copying is hardly evidence that the problem is worse in China or in SE Asia for that matter. They've been getting tougher, the problem is that unless you crack down on the poeple running the operations they just set up shop again, kind of like on P2P / IRC in the US.
The issue (and the Berne convention) is about copyright, not patents, which are something different. Confusing the two is hardly "+1 insightful". Patents have to be applied for on a nation / nation-bloc basis, and this costs extra money, so it's probably perfectly legal to make knock-off products. Also, China was in the Eastern Hemisphere last I checked, so of course they're not going to operate like a Western country.
"a" swallow, to keep the grammer people happy :)
Or an swallow.
In a new essay, information theorist Edward Tufte outlines why PowerPoint 'forces people to mutilate data beyond comprehension.' The Columbia Accident Investigation Board at NASA agrees, noting that the slides produced by engineers to report on the wing damage were so confusing that 'a senior manager might read this PowerPoint slide and not realize that it addresses a life-threatening situation.
Correct me if I'm wrong, but powerpoint doesn't have a wizard that says "it looks like you're trying to insert text saying `life threatening situation' in size 44 text, would you like to Dilbertize this slide?".
I know this little hottie [madchat.org] puts me in need of a cold shower!
;)
Yes, a 404 really turns me on!
I heard they found Middle Earth.
Also see this
That depends on the message size - with a sufficiently large message, with any portion of it being known by the interceptor, you can eventually reverse engineer the encryption method used.
Well even if they have part of the message, they still won't be able to decipher the rest of it with a one-time pad. You mention the limitations, but there are situations where those aren't problems, eg you give the other party the one-time pad in person, then communicate only a few messages at some distance.
Well, there is no uncrackable code
except for a correctly used one-time pad.
The server is running pretty slowly at the moment. Perhaps it needs more power. Run Forrest, run!
No, a translation of a beowulf "cluster" goes something like:
while (true) { print "So. The Spear-Danes in days gone by and the kings who ruled them had courage and greatness. We have heard of those princes' heroic campaigns..."; }
# props to Seamus Heaney