Because there is not a single case of AIDS prior to 1959. Humans have been eating bushmeat for millions of years. Why did the disease cross over in 1959(AIDS-1) and 1960's(AIDS-2)?
Ah, yes, 1959, the well known red-letter day when the first human stuck his genitals in a chimpanzee. Citation?
The theory is that the intensive economic development of Africa, beginning at the start of the 20th century, created the only environment in which the nonvirulent SIV could make several animal-to-human transmissions, sustain itself and mutate in the human population, and then be communicated far enough to produce and epidemic. SIV didn't become HIV in the first jump, people had been getting exposed to SIV since antiquity; what was needed was for multiple people to get SIV, even non-virulent, poorly-transmissible SIV, and to very quickly pass it to a core group of dozens or hundreds of individuals, in which the virus would have a large enough group in which to mutate.
Prostitution and bushmeat existed in Africa prior to 1900, but cities did not, and dense cities, motorized transportation, and large populations of transient workers passing from city to countryside and back seems to be the critical factor.
[As to the implication of the question, I can only say that, like most "bad" things, conservatives tend to assume that there were no gay people prior to the 1960s. The conservative narrative about all social ills goes: "This thing didn't exist when I was a child, some weirdoes invented it around the time I came of age, and now we must defeat it in order to restore our culture to where it was when I was a child."
If some controversial social issue became patent in 1983, like say the "GRID"/AIDS crisis, basically every social conservative who was older than 18 in 1983 will believe to their dying day that gay people didn't exist prior to when they were children (1970). Now that homosexuality and AIDS is a completely "out" issue, social conservatives who have turned 18 in the last 5-10 years couldn't care less about gays. Nowadays all these younger conservatives talk about is the leviathan state and taxes, and predictably, they tell the story that government has become radical, authoritarian and profligate in some way that's categorically different from the previous 100 years, and we must fight to bring the state back to some Schlaraffian fairy-land that existed in the 90s (and conveniently prior to 9/11).]
Because, at the same time, we've been told HIV can't spread orally.
Whenever someone says something really flat and sorta elliptical like "orally," we gotta get clear about this too -- HIV cannot be spread by kissing. It can be spread by oral sex however, and can be spread by mouth-to-mouth contact when other factors are in play.
It's generally accepted you can't get it from kissing, but kissing, eating food, eating raw food, eating bodily fluids, oral contact in the presence of bodily fluids, and oral contact associated with cuts or open sores -- for example, florid herpes -- are all really different vectors.
complaints from users about the name (VERY unprofessional and immature, BTW)
They aren't the ones that named it "GIMP," which is a really well-known American idiom that could have been easily avoided if the developers weren't too busy smelling their own farts.
These all scream "ME DONT WANT TO RELEARN ANYTHING"
It's this presumption that everyone who doesn't use GIMP is stupid and lazy, or that making it more attractive would necessarily lead it to becoming a "Photoshop clone" exemplifies the FOSS general ignorance of creative use cases and users, and tends to explain FOSS's utter failure at even making a dent in these markets. As long as your attitude is "I'm doing this for free, so I don't have to meet you half way, art fag," people will happily pay $10 a month for CC.
[Signed, someone who drops $1k a year keeping his Pro Tools up to date and would rather not.]
3D modelers know what a vertex is, what I think he means is that, in some cases, perhaps they don't completely understand the mathematical formalism of the thing, and just have an intuitive feeling for what it is -- "the thing that's the corner of my thing."
Of course, there is the perspective that you shouldn't need to understand the "fundamentals" or nuts and bolts reifications of things, because that's what the software's for, to take all of these mathematical games and put them in a box, out of the way in a separated concern, so I can get the job done in whatever way I want. What's the point of having software if it doesn't enable people, even mathematically disinclined people, to create?
A sculptor has as much to say about 3D modeling as some voxel-counting dork from NVidia's demo team, more even, really. Saying that "vertices" or "bezier paths" form some sort of "fundamental" base for all visual art is constructivist, scientistic and naive.
No no, your boss is going to have a word with you about that:
class Greeter {
public void greet(); }
public class HelloWorld extends Greeter {
@Override
public void greet() {
System.out.println("Hello, World");
} }
public class GreeterFactory {
public static Greeter getGreeter(String type) {
if (type == "HelloWorld") {
return new HelloWorld();
} else {
return nil;
} }
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
GreeterFactory theFactory = GreeterFactory();
Greeter helloWorld = theFactory.getGreeter("HelloWorld");
helloWorld.greet();
} }
Java has a reputation as the New Cobol partly because that's how Sun marketed it, but also because it kinda has the soul of a compliance officer.
Encryption places nobody above the law all it does do is ensure that you are aware of any legal attempt to access your encrypted data because they will need to get a court order to compel you to disclose the decryption key.
The government is under no constitutional or legal obligation to inform you of a warrant on you, no such protection has ever existed in fact or de jure. They can tap your phone without you knowing, they can read your mail, they can install cameras at your home and work; indeed there's this thing called a sealed warrant, which was invented long before information technology and the whole object of which is to keep the subject from knowing about the evidence collection.
Even better, if the prosecutor has a good reason, he can even have a grand jury indict you and keep the indictment under seal until you're arraigned. If a judge thinks there's a real chance you'd destroy evidence, or flee, or your knowledge of police activity would have sufficiently negative consequences, he's completely within his prerogative to keep his orders secret.
The term "involuntary servitude" has been repeatedly interpreted by courts to pertain specifically to chattel slavery and very little else -- impressment of sailors, contract indenture and certain forms of truck farming being notable secondary examples.
People have tried to use the 14th to excuse themselves from jury duty, income taxes, selective service, alimony payments, all manner of silly things, and have failed. Do you really think evasion of subpoena would be a winner?
The difference between manslaughter and negligent homicide is a question of knowledge. Courts prove wether or not people know things all the time.
"Witness, do you know the encryption password for this phone?"... "You can't ever prove it one way or the other!"... "But witness, your girlfriend saw you decrypt your phone on Tuesday."... "o_0"
Better, the difference between manslaughter and, say, murder, is strictly an act of the mind, the question of malice. Indeed our entire criminal justice system is founded on the belief that a court can determine the existence of mens rea, an internal subjective state of mind with no falsifiable or physical basis.
From most perspectives Swift is ridiculously ugly and not very interesting.
public interface Troll {
void post(); }
public class Complaint implements Troll {
@Override
public void post() {
System.out.println("Swift is ridiculously ugly, especially compared to Java!");
} }
public class TrollFactory {
public Troll getTroll(String trollType){
if(trollType == null){
return null;
}
if(trollType.equalsIgnoreCase("COMPLAINT")){
return new Complaint();
}
return null;
} }
when Universal began offering lossless tracks, it encoded a watermark in the audio that manifested as an annoying buzzing noise, and eventually after much complaint it thankfully stopped doing that.
They just turned down the density, it's still there it can be detected with a long enough sample. It's similar tech to what they use in their film prints. I am acquainted with this issue.
Whatever you say, AC. However, I'm totally not surprised by a C-level executive and "Architect"-with-a-capital-A extolling the virtues of Java, Web UIs and giving the old song and dance about cross-platform only being about "performance."
Most future projects will be cross platform because user now don't know/care what platform your services run on...
Application vendors desperately want the platform to be a dumb pipe that disappears in order to deliver the Pure Application Experience. Platform vendors desperately want apps to distinctively convey their platform's benefits.
Can you listen to it with your headphones of choice?...
Nah you have it all wrong, it won't be about the music itself. The key word here is "interactive," there'll be some necessary server/remote component that'll respond to user interaction and implement essential logic of the user experience, which will be tailored to the individual. The trick is getting people to actually want this thing, and somehow passing this thing off as "music" or at least the sort of thing someone like Bono could really exert authorship over (as opposed to merely brand or "inspire," while designers and engineers do the actual work). You wouldn't be able to "pirate" this thing any more than you can pirate a World of Warcraft account.
It poses fundamental challenges to the concept of "recorded music" and I personally think it's a pretty stupid idea, but interactive, personalized, "streamed" experiences are the only way artists seem to be able to get paid for their work on the Internet, apart from begging for alms.
I'm uncertain of the statistics on this, but whenever I see photos of "Indy dev" conferences I always see a lot of silver laptops with glowing fruit. I think most of these people are already equipped.
They can't literally make you tell them what they want to know, but they absolutely can punish you for refusing to comply with a subpoena, unless the testimony would require you to incriminate yourself, which the disclosure of a password does not if the fact that you possess relevant, incriminating information is a foregone conclusion. That was the decision in Boucher, from your own link.
Several courts have ruled contrary to this in the last two years, but these have only been in cases where investigators didn't know what they were looking for and simply wanted the passwords on general principles. The more general the search was, the more self-incriminating disclose of passwords became, and thus unconstitutional; and contrarily, if the government can show that you received incriminating information or it's obvious or reasonable that specific, incriminating information exists on your media, they can subpoena you to decrypt it.
Thank god we have Android Dalvik, where I can use my existing Java ME codebase. Oh wait.
We're going from Obj-C to Swift, this seems like a pretty lateral move from a "cross platform" perspective. I would have thought the Great Java Wars had taught everyone that true cross-platform development is a chimera that isn't worth either the vendor or developer's effort. Platform vendors compete on features -- cross platform is antithetical to competition on features.
TFA is actually mostly a Cocoa application stack guide. Discussion of the actual distinguishing features of Swift is minimal -- in fact I think the only thing they even passingly mention is unwrapping of Optionals. Otherwise it's just "How to build an iOS app"
That's a $500 lease payment and basically in line with a BMW 3 Series, not exactly demotic pricing but there's a lot of people shopping for something in that range, particularly after tax creds and discounting gasoline.
Slashdot Mirror
"I'm in insurance."
The theory is that the intensive economic development of Africa, beginning at the start of the 20th century, created the only environment in which the nonvirulent SIV could make several animal-to-human transmissions, sustain itself and mutate in the human population, and then be communicated far enough to produce and epidemic. SIV didn't become HIV in the first jump, people had been getting exposed to SIV since antiquity; what was needed was for multiple people to get SIV, even non-virulent, poorly-transmissible SIV, and to very quickly pass it to a core group of dozens or hundreds of individuals, in which the virus would have a large enough group in which to mutate.
Prostitution and bushmeat existed in Africa prior to 1900, but cities did not, and dense cities, motorized transportation, and large populations of transient workers passing from city to countryside and back seems to be the critical factor.
[As to the implication of the question, I can only say that, like most "bad" things, conservatives tend to assume that there were no gay people prior to the 1960s. The conservative narrative about all social ills goes: "This thing didn't exist when I was a child, some weirdoes invented it around the time I came of age, and now we must defeat it in order to restore our culture to where it was when I was a child."
If some controversial social issue became patent in 1983, like say the "GRID"/AIDS crisis, basically every social conservative who was older than 18 in 1983 will believe to their dying day that gay people didn't exist prior to when they were children (1970). Now that homosexuality and AIDS is a completely "out" issue, social conservatives who have turned 18 in the last 5-10 years couldn't care less about gays. Nowadays all these younger conservatives talk about is the leviathan state and taxes, and predictably, they tell the story that government has become radical, authoritarian and profligate in some way that's categorically different from the previous 100 years, and we must fight to bring the state back to some Schlaraffian fairy-land that existed in the 90s (and conveniently prior to 9/11).]
Whenever someone says something really flat and sorta elliptical like "orally," we gotta get clear about this too -- HIV cannot be spread by kissing. It can be spread by oral sex however, and can be spread by mouth-to-mouth contact when other factors are in play.
HIV exposure from dental work is actually a really common risk factor. In fact, the very first known case of iatrogenic HIV infection was from a dental office.
It's generally accepted you can't get it from kissing, but kissing, eating food, eating raw food, eating bodily fluids, oral contact in the presence of bodily fluids, and oral contact associated with cuts or open sores -- for example, florid herpes -- are all really different vectors.
They aren't the ones that named it "GIMP," which is a really well-known American idiom that could have been easily avoided if the developers weren't too busy smelling their own farts.
It's this presumption that everyone who doesn't use GIMP is stupid and lazy, or that making it more attractive would necessarily lead it to becoming a "Photoshop clone" exemplifies the FOSS general ignorance of creative use cases and users, and tends to explain FOSS's utter failure at even making a dent in these markets. As long as your attitude is "I'm doing this for free, so I don't have to meet you half way, art fag," people will happily pay $10 a month for CC.
[Signed, someone who drops $1k a year keeping his Pro Tools up to date and would rather not.]
3D modelers know what a vertex is, what I think he means is that, in some cases, perhaps they don't completely understand the mathematical formalism of the thing, and just have an intuitive feeling for what it is -- "the thing that's the corner of my thing."
Of course, there is the perspective that you shouldn't need to understand the "fundamentals" or nuts and bolts reifications of things, because that's what the software's for, to take all of these mathematical games and put them in a box, out of the way in a separated concern, so I can get the job done in whatever way I want. What's the point of having software if it doesn't enable people, even mathematically disinclined people, to create?
A sculptor has as much to say about 3D modeling as some voxel-counting dork from NVidia's demo team, more even, really. Saying that "vertices" or "bezier paths" form some sort of "fundamental" base for all visual art is constructivist, scientistic and naive.
No no, your boss is going to have a word with you about that:
Java has a reputation as the New Cobol partly because that's how Sun marketed it, but also because it kinda has the soul of a compliance officer.
The government is under no constitutional or legal obligation to inform you of a warrant on you, no such protection has ever existed in fact or de jure. They can tap your phone without you knowing, they can read your mail, they can install cameras at your home and work; indeed there's this thing called a sealed warrant, which was invented long before information technology and the whole object of which is to keep the subject from knowing about the evidence collection.
Even better, if the prosecutor has a good reason, he can even have a grand jury indict you and keep the indictment under seal until you're arraigned. If a judge thinks there's a real chance you'd destroy evidence, or flee, or your knowledge of police activity would have sufficiently negative consequences, he's completely within his prerogative to keep his orders secret.
The term "involuntary servitude" has been repeatedly interpreted by courts to pertain specifically to chattel slavery and very little else -- impressment of sailors, contract indenture and certain forms of truck farming being notable secondary examples.
People have tried to use the 14th to excuse themselves from jury duty, income taxes, selective service, alimony payments, all manner of silly things, and have failed. Do you really think evasion of subpoena would be a winner?
See Shannon's Maxim.
The difference between manslaughter and negligent homicide is a question of knowledge. Courts prove wether or not people know things all the time.
"Witness, do you know the encryption password for this phone?" ... "You can't ever prove it one way or the other!" ... "But witness, your girlfriend saw you decrypt your phone on Tuesday." ... "o_0"
Better, the difference between manslaughter and, say, murder, is strictly an act of the mind, the question of malice. Indeed our entire criminal justice system is founded on the belief that a court can determine the existence of mens rea, an internal subjective state of mind with no falsifiable or physical basis.
That's good: With Android, you don't have to buy a new phone every 6 months, you get to buy a new phone every six months.
They just turned down the density, it's still there it can be detected with a long enough sample. It's similar tech to what they use in their film prints. I am acquainted with this issue.
Whatever you say, AC. However, I'm totally not surprised by a C-level executive and "Architect"-with-a-capital-A extolling the virtues of Java, Web UIs and giving the old song and dance about cross-platform only being about "performance."
Application vendors desperately want the platform to be a dumb pipe that disappears in order to deliver the Pure Application Experience. Platform vendors desperately want apps to distinctively convey their platform's benefits.
Nah you have it all wrong, it won't be about the music itself. The key word here is "interactive," there'll be some necessary server/remote component that'll respond to user interaction and implement essential logic of the user experience, which will be tailored to the individual. The trick is getting people to actually want this thing, and somehow passing this thing off as "music" or at least the sort of thing someone like Bono could really exert authorship over (as opposed to merely brand or "inspire," while designers and engineers do the actual work). You wouldn't be able to "pirate" this thing any more than you can pirate a World of Warcraft account.
It poses fundamental challenges to the concept of "recorded music" and I personally think it's a pretty stupid idea, but interactive, personalized, "streamed" experiences are the only way artists seem to be able to get paid for their work on the Internet, apart from begging for alms.
I'm uncertain of the statistics on this, but whenever I see photos of "Indy dev" conferences I always see a lot of silver laptops with glowing fruit. I think most of these people are already equipped.
They can't literally make you tell them what they want to know, but they absolutely can punish you for refusing to comply with a subpoena, unless the testimony would require you to incriminate yourself, which the disclosure of a password does not if the fact that you possess relevant, incriminating information is a foregone conclusion. That was the decision in Boucher, from your own link.
Several courts have ruled contrary to this in the last two years, but these have only been in cases where investigators didn't know what they were looking for and simply wanted the passwords on general principles. The more general the search was, the more self-incriminating disclose of passwords became, and thus unconstitutional; and contrarily, if the government can show that you received incriminating information or it's obvious or reasonable that specific, incriminating information exists on your media, they can subpoena you to decrypt it.
Thank god we have Android Dalvik, where I can use my existing Java ME codebase. Oh wait.
We're going from Obj-C to Swift, this seems like a pretty lateral move from a "cross platform" perspective. I would have thought the Great Java Wars had taught everyone that true cross-platform development is a chimera that isn't worth either the vendor or developer's effort. Platform vendors compete on features -- cross platform is antithetical to competition on features.
What are you, 60?
TFA is actually mostly a Cocoa application stack guide. Discussion of the actual distinguishing features of Swift is minimal -- in fact I think the only thing they even passingly mention is unwrapping of Optionals. Otherwise it's just "How to build an iOS app"
That's not how it works.
That's a $500 lease payment and basically in line with a BMW 3 Series, not exactly demotic pricing but there's a lot of people shopping for something in that range, particularly after tax creds and discounting gasoline.
That's what Neil DeGrasse Tyson said.
Umm, you realize this is a photograph and not a ray-tracing exercise?
This is a function of focal length and subject distance.