The Titan seals had a single O-ring that was manually seated on assembly. The O-ring did not depend on the ignition transient pressure wave to seat it.
As, you say, the clevis faced down on the Titan, discouraging entry of moisture into the joint - in the SRBs the clevis faced upwards.
The Titan joint was simple and reliable, the SRB field joint was anything but.
1) The first tests of the SRBs revealed a startling and unexpected effect. Ballooning of the casing under the ignition transient caused "joint rotation" - the field joints between the booster segments tended to open at just the wrong moment. This was well documented and occurred on all SRB launches. The joint rotation phenomenon worsened when the lightweight SRB casings were introduced.
Morton-Thiokol worried about it enough to have had a new field joint design on the drawing-board long before the disaster. Implementing this new design would have meant delaying the program and NASA were NOT keen.
2) Field joint rotation interfered with seating of the silicone rubber O-rings that provided the final seal. Unlike older designs, where the O-rings were hand-seated on assembly, this design depended on the ignition transient to seat the O-rings.
It was well-known that cold weather delayed O-ring seating - the lower the temperature the more "blow-by" and O-ring damage there was.
3) Attempts were made to pre-seat the O-rings by means of a compressed air "pressure-check". But this pressure check produced "blow-holes" in the packing putty that served as conduits for hot gas.
O-ring scorching and blow-by (which were never meant to be seen AT ALL!) increased after the pressure check was introduced.
4) Morton-Thiokol engineers were really worried by the persistent problems of O-ring damage and memos flew for YEARS! NASA were not that interested - after all, nothing had happened yet.
At the time of the Challenger launch MT engineers were so worried by the unprecedentedly low temperatures that an urgent telecon was arranged with Marshall/NASA. NASA were incensed by the thought of a further delay (the launch had already been delayed once by a faulty door-closed indicator light) that they insisted that Morton-Thiokol PROVE that it was unsafe to launch. MT admitted that they couldn't prove that it was unsafe and were pressurised by Marshall/NASA into approving the launch.
I don't have much sympathy, but in a way I'm sorry for the guy.
I'm an academic myself, and the pressure to publish as prolifically as possible is enormous. If you don't produce you loose your post, simple as that. Your prof's continued tenure depends on his/her department publishing XXX papers per year and beating YYY university who produced XXX+1 last year. The university's funding and prestige depends on how many papers come out of it per year.
No one really gives a fuck these days whether the paper is useful, interesting, relevant or even true. One road to success is to find a subject so recondite that only a few other people in the world know anything about it - "Determinants of tooth decay in short beaked Echidnas" and write anything you please several times a year (citing mainly yourself of course).
The peer review system has completely broken down and the review that you get is mainly determined by your (or more likely your Professor or Univerity's links to the relevant journals and the reviewers). Prof GGG is unlikely to give your paper a good review if his favourite student's thesis has just been slated by one of your sponsors. And vice versa etcaetera....
A large majority of the papers published in my field are either trivial or irrelevant or reinventing the wheel or reviews of results or eyewateringly banal or inpossibly esoteric or just plain untrue. Scarcely one article in 20 is worth reading and barely one in 50 is interesting or informative.
The "publish or perish" mentality is making a mockery of real science and encouraging moral and intellectual dishonesty among gradualtes and undergraduates alike.
Very sad. The only difference between this guy and tens of thousands of others is that he got caught.
Your friend is VERY lucky! He could well have been done for assault and if he'd hurt the feller, battery too or aggravated assault. If the shoplifter was a kid or a first-timer then he'd be off with a warning or a suspended sentence while your friend could be in jail.
Furthermore. there is an increasing trend for perps who get hurt during a job (e.g. falling down stairs) to sue the owner of the premises - and win!
Andre Breton coined the anagram AVIDA DOLLARS for Dali with good reason.
Dali was in fact one of the greatest technical painters of all time but his adored wife Gala turned him into a media circus - little of his later work is worth more than the material it is painted on (and the magical signature of course!).
Gala was originally married to the French poet Paul Eluard (very fine poet BTW) but divorced him when her rapacious instricts told her that Dali was a better bet financially.
Quite correct.
I love hacking and fooling around with the (SuSe Linux) OS, but my employees hate it - they're not interested, it makes them nervous and "It wastes our time".
Ubuntu is a small step in the right direction, despite Linus' sneers.
From my recent experiences in converting a small business to OOo - No, most of the current incompatibilities involve fairly esoteric corners of the suite that the average office drone, creating/accessing simple documents, is unlikely to meet.
Remember that current MSOffice formats are closed proprietary formats - compatibility has to be achieved by laboriously reverse engineering Microsoft's "secret sauce". That OOo have reached the current degree of compatibility is an extraordinary achievement. Winkling out the last small incompatibilites will eventually be done but MS makes it as difficult as it can.
Although the OOo interface is designed to make it easy for people to convert, it isn't a clone and this makes people nervous about switching. After a day or two of actual use they have reorientated themselves and are fine. After a week or so they've forgotten about MS.
Yes, I suspect that one reason why MS wants to keep it's own semi-open, semi-proprietary format is for backwards compatibility with it's own old documents. Okay, that's understandable and maybe not a bad idea though I appreciate that there may be other nastier reasons.
BUT I'm not asking to see MS's code, I'm not asking Ms to open it's durn format, I'm not asking MS to do anything much EXCEPT allow me to open, edit and save documents in ODF - that's all. And it would NOT be difficult for MS to add this ability.
I don't mind if trying to save a document previously created in a MS format in ODF generates a message saying "All of the features of this document may not be preserved if you save it in this format blah blah blah" (so long as I can turn off the warning).
Years ago one of my med school teachers taught us to sniff wounds for infection. He said that with a bit of practice you could quickly learn to discriminate infections and it's true.
Even now I often sniff dressings for infection and I'm right most of the time. The odour of different infections are quite characteristic and you can easily tell if it's light or heavy.
Gets some funny looks at times, but I can usually beat the labs by 24 hours. My students think I'm a bit odd, but I notice that now they too take a surreptitious sniff and then pronouce wisely!
Right on! Agree 100%. I use Paint Shop Pro for editing medical images and it is really excellent.
My only regret is upgrading from v6 to v9 - not much to show for it apart from a longer load time.
Neil Rubenking's IconEdit32 first appeared in PCMag in March 2000.
"With IconEdit32 you can create icons that can include all valid combinations of size and color depths - up to nine images. It features various drawing tools, such as a pencil, dropper, paint, line, rectangle and ellipse. You can also easily add text to your icon. The main window shows both an enlarged version of the icon, and a preview area that displays the icon against a background color of your choice. The icon can be shifted in any direction, rotated, mirrored and flipped."
Free. Dozens of places to find it on the Web.
Tho I run SuSe Linux 9.2 on my main box, my kid and my wife run XP Pro SP2 on another box (gotta have the games d'ye see) and don't end up like this.
M$ may be as full of holes as a Gruyere, but sensible precautions can keep you pretty clear. Firstly everything runs behind a Freesco firewall on a retired PII box. Then Norton looks after the viruses and updates regularly. SpyBot and AdAware run as cronjobs twice a week. The excellent Supertrick XG - http://www.filesharingplace.com/supertrickxg/main. htm - puts in a big Hosts Deny file and a few other dodges. Firefox browser and Mailwasher + Thunderbird for email. No problems - ever!
We all know Windows is insecure and that there's a lot of crap about - if a sysadmin can't take the obvious precautions then he's only got himself to blame.
From http://www.neowin.net/comments.php?id=22288&catego ry=main
"Microsoft didn't buy this company for its technology. Microsoft Research already has a very good tool called Stuff I've seen which searches Outlook mail and desktop files/ IE histroy etc.
See http://research.microsoft.com/copyright/ac...nal.p df&pub=ACM
It seems that Lookout already has some patents on desktop search technology.
Microsoft's work was independetly developed. They are just protecting their back from patent litigations."
Accents can be very difficult. I speak fluent "French" French and although most francophone Africans speak excellent and gramatically correct French I find the accent not at all easy to understand.
Dunno what 'ol Fleming has to do with it.
TB chemo started when Selman A. Waksman at the University of California in 1939 was able to isolate an effective anti-TB antibiotic, actinomycin; however, this was too toxic for use in humans or animals
Success came in 1943. In test animals, streptomycin, purified from Streptomyces griseus, combined maximal inhibition of M. tuberculosis with relatively low toxicity. On November 20, 1944, the antibiotic was administered for the first time to a critically ill TB patient. The effect was almost immediately impressive. His advanced disease was visibly arrested, the bacteria disappeared from his sputum, and he made a rapid recovery. The new drug had side effects - especially on the inner ear - but the fact remained, M. tuberculosis was no longer a bacteriological exception, it could be assailed and beaten into retreat within the human body.
t's an interesting thing. There's a huge difference between broadband and POTS (or even ISDN). It just changes the whole connected experience. More and more internet content is predicated on users having broadband access and is not accessible to us 56K'ers.
Giant apps., huge patches, streaming video and all the rest of it are just not a possibility for a vast number of internet users in much of the world (probably the majority). In my country broadband is available in some places but is prohibitively expensive for private individuals. Two days (and considerable expense) to download a new kernel versus 20 minutes or so.
It is really creating a two tier system with a 56K underclass - sort of a Two Nations scenario.
Slashdot Mirror
The Titan seals had a single O-ring that was manually seated on assembly. The O-ring did not depend on the ignition transient pressure wave to seat it.
/ docs/rogers-commission/table-of-contents.html
As, you say, the clevis faced down on the Titan, discouraging entry of moisture into the joint - in the SRBs the clevis faced upwards.
The Titan joint was simple and reliable, the SRB field joint was anything but.
The article was written by someone who hadn't bothered to read the Rogers Commission Report - http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/51-l
Pathetic.
1) The first tests of the SRBs revealed a startling and unexpected effect. Ballooning of the casing under the ignition transient caused "joint rotation" - the field joints between the booster segments tended to open at just the wrong moment. This was well documented and occurred on all SRB launches. The joint rotation phenomenon worsened when the lightweight SRB casings were introduced.
Morton-Thiokol worried about it enough to have had a new field joint design on the drawing-board long before the disaster. Implementing this new design would have meant delaying the program and NASA were NOT keen.
2) Field joint rotation interfered with seating of the silicone rubber O-rings that provided the final seal. Unlike older designs, where the O-rings were hand-seated on assembly, this design depended on the ignition transient to seat the O-rings.
It was well-known that cold weather delayed O-ring seating - the lower the temperature the more "blow-by" and O-ring damage there was.
3) Attempts were made to pre-seat the O-rings by means of a compressed air "pressure-check". But this pressure check produced "blow-holes" in the packing putty that served as conduits for hot gas.
O-ring scorching and blow-by (which were never meant to be seen AT ALL!) increased after the pressure check was introduced.
4) Morton-Thiokol engineers were really worried by the persistent problems of O-ring damage and memos flew for YEARS! NASA were not that interested - after all, nothing had happened yet.
At the time of the Challenger launch MT engineers were so worried by the unprecedentedly low temperatures that an urgent telecon was arranged with Marshall/NASA. NASA were incensed by the thought of a further delay (the launch had already been delayed once by a faulty door-closed indicator light) that they insisted that Morton-Thiokol PROVE that it was unsafe to launch. MT admitted that they couldn't prove that it was unsafe and were pressurised by Marshall/NASA into approving the launch.
Lots more.
We all know what happened next.
No need for a CD
I used FREESCO, a microlinux distro on a floppy for a long time on a PII as a router/firewall - http://www.freesco.org/
"...a free replacement for commercial routers supporting up to 10 ethernet/arcnet/token_ring/arlan network cards and up to 10 modems."
Unlike the LRP, FREESCO is still under (very) active development and has been stable for long time. Tons of add-inns if you want.
Nice (text-based) Web control panel too.
Agree. No more Sony for me either. Pity, they made some useful hardware in their time.
My old Sony reel-to-reel still works perfectly, though I can't find tapes for it anymore.
I don't have much sympathy, but in a way I'm sorry for the guy.
I'm an academic myself, and the pressure to publish as prolifically as possible is enormous. If you don't produce you loose your post, simple as that. Your prof's continued tenure depends on his/her department publishing XXX papers per year and beating YYY university who produced XXX+1 last year. The university's funding and prestige depends on how many papers come out of it per year.
No one really gives a fuck these days whether the paper is useful, interesting, relevant or even true. One road to success is to find a subject so recondite that only a few other people in the world know anything about it - "Determinants of tooth decay in short beaked Echidnas" and write anything you please several times a year (citing mainly yourself of course).
The peer review system has completely broken down and the review that you get is mainly determined by your (or more likely your Professor or Univerity's links to the relevant journals and the reviewers). Prof GGG is unlikely to give your paper a good review if his favourite student's thesis has just been slated by one of your sponsors. And vice versa etcaetera....
A large majority of the papers published in my field are either trivial or irrelevant or reinventing the wheel or reviews of results or eyewateringly banal or inpossibly esoteric or just plain untrue. Scarcely one article in 20 is worth reading and barely one in 50 is interesting or informative.
The "publish or perish" mentality is making a mockery of real science and encouraging moral and intellectual dishonesty among gradualtes and undergraduates alike.
Very sad. The only difference between this guy and tens of thousands of others is that he got caught.
Your friend is VERY lucky! He could well have been done for assault and if he'd hurt the feller, battery too or aggravated assault. If the shoplifter was a kid or a first-timer then he'd be off with a warning or a suspended sentence while your friend could be in jail.
Furthermore. there is an increasing trend for perps who get hurt during a job (e.g. falling down stairs) to sue the owner of the premises - and win!
Andre Breton coined the anagram AVIDA DOLLARS for Dali with good reason.
Dali was in fact one of the greatest technical painters of all time but his adored wife Gala turned him into a media circus - little of his later work is worth more than the material it is painted on (and the magical signature of course!).
Gala was originally married to the French poet Paul Eluard (very fine poet BTW) but divorced him when her rapacious instricts told her that Dali was a better bet financially.
Quite correct. I love hacking and fooling around with the (SuSe Linux) OS, but my employees hate it - they're not interested, it makes them nervous and "It wastes our time". Ubuntu is a small step in the right direction, despite Linus' sneers.
Taking your points in reverse order:
From my recent experiences in converting a small business to OOo - No, most of the current incompatibilities involve fairly esoteric corners of the suite that the average office drone, creating/accessing simple documents, is unlikely to meet.
Remember that current MSOffice formats are closed proprietary formats - compatibility has to be achieved by laboriously reverse engineering Microsoft's "secret sauce". That OOo have reached the current degree of compatibility is an extraordinary achievement. Winkling out the last small incompatibilites will eventually be done but MS makes it as difficult as it can.
Although the OOo interface is designed to make it easy for people to convert, it isn't a clone and this makes people nervous about switching. After a day or two of actual use they have reorientated themselves and are fine. After a week or so they've forgotten about MS.
Yes, I suspect that one reason why MS wants to keep it's own semi-open, semi-proprietary format is for backwards compatibility with it's own old documents. Okay, that's understandable and maybe not a bad idea though I appreciate that there may be other nastier reasons.
BUT I'm not asking to see MS's code, I'm not asking Ms to open it's durn format, I'm not asking MS to do anything much EXCEPT allow me to open, edit and save documents in ODF - that's all. And it would NOT be difficult for MS to add this ability.
I don't mind if trying to save a document previously created in a MS format in ODF generates a message saying "All of the features of this document may not be preserved if you save it in this format blah blah blah" (so long as I can turn off the warning).
I do wish MS would at least get THIS message
Label not found
"Most of Africa got it not from sex but from doctors reusing needles."
Rubbish.
And I'm an African doctor.
PS: Please don't tell me I'm part of the conspiracy.
Years ago one of my med school teachers taught us to sniff wounds for infection. He said that with a bit of practice you could quickly learn to discriminate infections and it's true.
Even now I often sniff dressings for infection and I'm right most of the time. The odour of different infections are quite characteristic and you can easily tell if it's light or heavy.
Gets some funny looks at times, but I can usually beat the labs by 24 hours. My students think I'm a bit odd, but I notice that now they too take a surreptitious sniff and then pronouce wisely!
Long live the Mark I nose.....
Right on! Agree 100%. I use Paint Shop Pro for editing medical images and it is really excellent. My only regret is upgrading from v6 to v9 - not much to show for it apart from a longer load time.
Amen!
C:\>sleep /?
Usage: sleep time-to-sleep-in-seconds
sleep [-m] time-to-sleep-in-milliseconds
sleep [-c] commited-memory ratio (1%-100%)
If you're going to correct folks spelling, then at least get it right...
It's "voilà"
Ever heard of interleave?
Neil Rubenking's IconEdit32 first appeared in PCMag in March 2000. "With IconEdit32 you can create icons that can include all valid combinations of size and color depths - up to nine images. It features various drawing tools, such as a pencil, dropper, paint, line, rectangle and ellipse. You can also easily add text to your icon. The main window shows both an enlarged version of the icon, and a preview area that displays the icon against a background color of your choice. The icon can be shifted in any direction, rotated, mirrored and flipped." Free. Dozens of places to find it on the Web.
That isn't the point at all.
This feller is s'posed to be a big bad sysadmin (which I'm not).
All products except Norton are free and easily downloadable - they're the first things I install on a box.
"For every complex problem, there is a solution that is simple, neat, and wrong." - H. L. Mencken
Well, I'm not too impressed.
. htm - puts in a big Hosts Deny file and a few other dodges. Firefox browser and Mailwasher + Thunderbird for email. No problems - ever!
Tho I run SuSe Linux 9.2 on my main box, my kid and my wife run XP Pro SP2 on another box (gotta have the games d'ye see) and don't end up like this.
M$ may be as full of holes as a Gruyere, but sensible precautions can keep you pretty clear.
Firstly everything runs behind a Freesco firewall on a retired PII box. Then Norton looks after the viruses and updates regularly. SpyBot and AdAware run as cronjobs twice a week. The excellent Supertrick XG - http://www.filesharingplace.com/supertrickxg/main
We all know Windows is insecure and that there's a lot of crap about - if a sysadmin can't take the obvious precautions then he's only got himself to blame.
Jeez...
From http://www.neowin.net/comments.php?id=22288&catego ry=main
p df&pub=ACM
"Microsoft didn't buy this company for its technology. Microsoft Research already has a very good tool called Stuff I've seen which searches Outlook mail and desktop files/ IE histroy etc.
See http://research.microsoft.com/copyright/ac...nal.
It seems that Lookout already has some patents on desktop search technology.
Microsoft's work was independetly developed. They are just protecting their back from patent litigations."
Promoting innovation. Yeah, right...
Accents can be very difficult. I speak fluent "French" French and although most francophone Africans speak excellent and gramatically correct French I find the accent not at all easy to understand.
Dunno what 'ol Fleming has to do with it. TB chemo started when Selman A. Waksman at the University of California in 1939 was able to isolate an effective anti-TB antibiotic, actinomycin; however, this was too toxic for use in humans or animals Success came in 1943. In test animals, streptomycin, purified from Streptomyces griseus, combined maximal inhibition of M. tuberculosis with relatively low toxicity. On November 20, 1944, the antibiotic was administered for the first time to a critically ill TB patient. The effect was almost immediately impressive. His advanced disease was visibly arrested, the bacteria disappeared from his sputum, and he made a rapid recovery. The new drug had side effects - especially on the inner ear - but the fact remained, M. tuberculosis was no longer a bacteriological exception, it could be assailed and beaten into retreat within the human body.
t's an interesting thing. There's a huge difference between broadband and POTS (or even ISDN). It just changes the whole connected experience. More and more internet content is predicated on users having broadband access and is not accessible to us 56K'ers. Giant apps., huge patches, streaming video and all the rest of it are just not a possibility for a vast number of internet users in much of the world (probably the majority). In my country broadband is available in some places but is prohibitively expensive for private individuals. Two days (and considerable expense) to download a new kernel versus 20 minutes or so. It is really creating a two tier system with a 56K underclass - sort of a Two Nations scenario.