First of all the capacity factor is not related to efficiency. If I produce 1GW with a 4GW panel because it is only 25% efficient has nothing to do with the capacity factor which is basically only the number of sun hours per year. Furthermore in your bullshit calculation it would make much more sense to use GWh produced, and not GW 'adjusted to capacity factor' because in full sunlight a 4 GW solar panel will surprisingly produce: 4GW, hence the nameplate.
Bottom line: you should stop using metrics from which you don't know how to use them properly.
Hint: when do you need most power? When does the solar plant deliver its most power? Then again: how much power do you need at night? Are you confident your gas or nuclear plant is actually utilized when most people are sleeping, or is it powered down? Just as the solar plant is? Hu?
That is the implementation of the game engine. All 'game code' is c# and/or JavaScript, AFAIK, a special c# compiler. Not one that compiles to CIL... as other posters claimed here.
Java is probably one of the best, on par with Qt, 'technologies' for GUI applications, and that since far over a decade. You must be living under a rock. (Or must have a pretty weird idea how 'good gui programming' looks like.
I think Microsoft was completely justified in doing what they were doing with Java, and Sun was confirming how dishonest and untrustworthy they were with their lawsuit. That is bollocks. M$ did the embrace, extend, extinguish tactics with Java by "adding" unportable extensions. Java programs written for the MS platform where no longer 'compile once run everywhere' hence Sun sued: rightfully, both in legal as in moral sense.
Space isn't cold. Cold isn't a concept that exists in a vacuum. The cable will be in direct sunlight, receiving energy and warming, and will be unable to cool by radiating heat. The cable will be in the shadows, so it is close to absolute zero cold. No one would build a supposedly super conducting cable in bright sun, that was a no brainer:D
Because the solar energy hitting is about 1Kw/m^2, the energy from the laser beam is an order of magnitude or so higher. That would be factor ten, so easy achieved by a solar panel 10 times bigger.
I don't need to read the link. I live in Germany. Endusers pay prices between 23 and 25 cents, not 30. And if they are smart they can change to cheaper providers. I believe I saw prices around 18 cents in the beginning of the year.
As space is relatively cold, cough cough, I would use a super conductor. Only the first few km need cooling then. Or the first few km can use ordinary cables.
However you have a point regarding the weight of the power plants/cables. OTOH, the proposed carbon nanofibres are very good conductors anyway, so probably there are no extra cables needed?
Perhaps at a certain point in height one could place one mobile power plant, basically a gondola for the payload.
Anyway: considering that beaming basically means beaming light/probably a laser, the receiver will be a solar panel. Why not using that panel for sun/solar power instead?
One for your "home country". And another one for the "country you are currently in"?
I live mostly in germany. I'm right now in Thailand. Having two SIM slots in my phone woukd mean: I only need one phone (recognizing caller ids, same contacts) regardless for calls from Germany to me or Thai to me, or germans calling my Thai number.
That Apple has no dual SIM support since years is a majour drawback... unless you are Apple. Apple is probably the only company where ppl have two or three phones just to have more than one SIM.
Pluripotent stem cells don't suffer from telomere loss, so the first generations you should be fine. Also we know which enzymes are needed to fix telomeres.
Considering that the treatment in itself basically costs nothing, it will be hard work to keep the price up so high that only the number you mention can afford it.
A space elevator does not need power beaming. A long power line and a solar plant on top of it is enough. Or as soon as we are out of the atmosphere, a smaller solar plant every 100km.
Beaming power to the "crawler/climber" is a SF concept that does not really make sense.
I did not say it is easy or cheap. I said: there is no new technology required.
But perhaps the word "technology" has for you a complete different meaning than what is written in my dictionary/lexicon?
We know perfectly well why the missions failed in almost every case. No we don't. Perhaps we know it reasonable accurate for half the failures, but I doubt it.
E.g. a parachute opening late is the last step, the reason why it opened late however is what we need to know. Or Schiaparelli not firing its trusters "long enough"... why did it not fire long enough is the open question!
The other is galactic cosmic rays from our galaxy which comes from all directions, not just the sun. So you can't just shield in the direction of the sun. So you need omnidirectional shielding and it needs to be light weight to be practical and affordable.
While the facts are true, your reasoning is nonsense. You don't shield from high energetic cosmic rays. Because: you can't. Even 10m of lead won't give a reasonable shielding. You have to accept the high energy rays, like we do on earth... here we have no particular shielding against them either (the majourity of them goes through the atmosphere and is absorbed/scattered somewhere in the ground).
The only thing you shield from is the sun, and I guess a magnetic bubble would be enough for the most part. Better shielding aka water shielding you only need during sun eruptions.
Endusers have no 30cent prices, and they have fixed prices, there is no fluctuation. Only commercial users with market or spot market related contracts have fluctuating prices.
Considering the low amount of power europeans especially germans use, 30cents would not be a big deal. What matters is what you pay at the end of the month, and that hardly hits 100EUR for a typical family.
Perhaps you should figure what is going wrong in your energy market? Germany also has "absurd high" feed in tariffs for wind and solar, but the end user prices don't sky rock through the roof.
I have no idea what the NG prices in Ontario are, in Germany we unfortunately had no "cheap gas boom", mainly because we have long term gas contracts and can not easy shift to cheaper ones.
On the other hands: like building a coal plant, building a gas plant here would cost decades from CAD to switching it on.
build a 1GW NG power plant which will pay for itself in under 10 years, it You typoed, you meant 50 years or 100 years. A gas plant has similar costs than a coal plant. It would not even pay itself in 10 years if it had no fuel costs.
The web page unfortunately is the official site of the ITER project.
"Deuterium can be distilled from all forms of water." Yes, it can, but it's energy consuming and quite expensive. No one doubted that. But that was not the topic, or was it?
Also who claimed that we achieve 100% "efficiency" in neutron reuse?
Unfortunately, even if the tritium in the lithium blanket was remotely efficient or safe to extract from the extremely toxic and dangerous lithium We are talking about a gas very close to hydrogen, right? Embedded in a salty/metal matrix in a vacuum right? There is nothing to extract...
I only checked it as I was unsure how many neutrons are left over from a T+D reaction, unfortunately only one. So you are in so far right that most certainly extra tritium must be added to the reactor.
For a non-suicide mission we currently lack radiation shielding, life support systems, a functional ship, a landing system, a return system First of all: this is not "technology". This is hardware we can built mostly from off the shelf parts.
And you are wrong on all regards anyway. When the ISS can support half a dozen astronauts for month, then we obviously have the life support system. A ship is the least problem... and the return trip only requires a ship in orbit of Mars and a landing/relaunch system. All stuff we did on the moon already. Just because the time frames and the time gap and the amount of people/astronauts involved is changed, does not change the underlying "technology". And radiation shielding is super simple: put the water tank and other stuff between the crew and the sun... done.
As I mentioned in my other post: we lack know how. We don't know why so many landings are failing (not those where we later figure a computer/software fault...)
To shoot stuff in orbit we use the exact same technology we used 50 years ago. We only changed fuels from liquid hydrogen/oxygen to petroleum and solid boosters.
Most of my Mac owning friends are software developers and/or musicians.
Those who one them "privately" still mainly use them for business. On the other hand plenty of them live in France and historically the localization of Windows was a mess, I doubt they convert soon back to Windows;D
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First of all the capacity factor is not related to efficiency.
If I produce 1GW with a 4GW panel because it is only 25% efficient has nothing to do with the capacity factor which is basically only the number of sun hours per year.
Furthermore in your bullshit calculation it would make much more sense to use GWh produced, and not GW 'adjusted to capacity factor' because in full sunlight a 4 GW solar panel will surprisingly produce: 4GW, hence the nameplate.
Bottom line: you should stop using metrics from which you don't know how to use them properly.
Hint: when do you need most power? When does the solar plant deliver its most power? Then again: how much power do you need at night? Are you confident your gas or nuclear plant is actually utilized when most people are sleeping, or is it powered down? Just as the solar plant is? Hu?
That is the implementation of the game engine. ... as other posters claimed here.
All 'game code' is c# and/or JavaScript, AFAIK, a special c# compiler. Not one that compiles to CIL
Java is probably one of the best, on par with Qt, 'technologies' for GUI applications, and that since far over a decade.
You must be living under a rock. (Or must have a pretty weird idea how 'good gui programming' looks like.
I think Microsoft was completely justified in doing what they were doing with Java, and Sun was confirming how dishonest and untrustworthy they were with their lawsuit.
That is bollocks. M$ did the embrace, extend, extinguish tactics with Java by "adding" unportable extensions. Java programs written for the MS platform where no longer 'compile once run everywhere' hence Sun sued: rightfully, both in legal as in moral sense.
Space isn't cold. Cold isn't a concept that exists in a vacuum. The cable will be in direct sunlight, receiving energy and warming, and will be unable to cool by radiating heat. :D
The cable will be in the shadows, so it is close to absolute zero cold.
No one would build a supposedly super conducting cable in bright sun, that was a no brainer
Because the solar energy hitting is about 1Kw/m^2, the energy from the laser beam is an order of magnitude or so higher.
That would be factor ten, so easy achieved by a solar panel 10 times bigger.
I don't need to read the link.
I live in Germany. Endusers pay prices between 23 and 25 cents, not 30. And if they are smart they can change to cheaper providers. I believe I saw prices around 18 cents in the beginning of the year.
Facepalm.
Here 24cents: https://www.aldi-gruenstrom.de...
Just enter my postcode (76137) and my annual consumption of 3000kw/h .... actually I use less but it is a round number.
As space is relatively cold, cough cough, I would use a super conductor. Only the first few km need cooling then. Or the first few km can use ordinary cables.
However you have a point regarding the weight of the power plants/cables. OTOH, the proposed carbon nanofibres are very good conductors anyway, so probably there are no extra cables needed?
Perhaps at a certain point in height one could place one mobile power plant, basically a gondola for the payload.
Anyway: considering that beaming basically means beaming light/probably a laser, the receiver will be a solar panel. Why not using that panel for sun/solar power instead?
One for your "home country".
And another one for the "country you are currently in"?
I live mostly in germany. I'm right now in Thailand. Having two SIM slots in my phone woukd mean: I only need one phone (recognizing caller ids, same contacts) regardless for calls from Germany to me or Thai to me, or germans calling my Thai number.
That Apple has no dual SIM support since years is a majour drawback ... unless you are Apple. Apple is probably the only company where ppl have two or three phones just to have more than one SIM.
Pluripotent stem cells don't suffer from telomere loss, so the first generations you should be fine.
Also we know which enzymes are needed to fix telomeres.
Considering that the treatment in itself basically costs nothing, it will be hard work to keep the price up so high that only the number you mention can afford it.
A space elevator does not need power beaming.
A long power line and a solar plant on top of it is enough.
Or as soon as we are out of the atmosphere, a smaller solar plant every 100km.
Beaming power to the "crawler/climber" is a SF concept that does not really make sense.
(and as a side note) strictly speaking you spelled it wrong, too!
There are two kinds of people. People that know they can not spell a word correctly, and people that don't know.
Hm, around 1995/1997 there where probably about 10 companies on the internet announcing break throughs in life extension "technologies".
Now you don't even find them with google anymore.
As we all know, the oldest profession in the (western) world, is breewing beer.
What is immoral with that?
I did not say it is easy or cheap. I said: there is no new technology required.
But perhaps the word "technology" has for you a complete different meaning than what is written in my dictionary/lexicon?
We know perfectly well why the missions failed in almost every case.
No we don't. Perhaps we know it reasonable accurate for half the failures, but I doubt it.
E.g. a parachute opening late is the last step, the reason why it opened late however is what we need to know. Or Schiaparelli not firing its trusters "long enough" ... why did it not fire long enough is the open question!
The other is galactic cosmic rays from our galaxy which comes from all directions, not just the sun. So you can't just shield in the direction of the sun. So you need omnidirectional shielding and it needs to be light weight to be practical and affordable.
... here we have no particular shielding against them either (the majourity of them goes through the atmosphere and is absorbed/scattered somewhere in the ground).
While the facts are true, your reasoning is nonsense. You don't shield from high energetic cosmic rays. Because: you can't. Even 10m of lead won't give a reasonable shielding. You have to accept the high energy rays, like we do on earth
The only thing you shield from is the sun, and I guess a magnetic bubble would be enough for the most part. Better shielding aka water shielding you only need during sun eruptions.
Endusers have no 30cent prices, and they have fixed prices, there is no fluctuation.
Only commercial users with market or spot market related contracts have fluctuating prices.
Considering the low amount of power europeans especially germans use, 30cents would not be a big deal. What matters is what you pay at the end of the month, and that hardly hits 100EUR for a typical family.
Or to go off grid and double the production you need and feed in.
Perhaps you should figure what is going wrong in your energy market?
Germany also has "absurd high" feed in tariffs for wind and solar, but the end user prices don't sky rock through the roof.
That site is a propaganda site.
But they have good links, perhaps you like to follow them and read them?
If you have problems comprehending them you likely have friends who can help you. You do have friends, right?
USA is #1 in many things ... but not energy production from wind, or growing installations of such power plants.
We talked about Coal and Nuclear, not NG.
I have no idea what the NG prices in Ontario are, in Germany we unfortunately had no "cheap gas boom", mainly because we have long term gas contracts and can not easy shift to cheaper ones.
On the other hands: like building a coal plant, building a gas plant here would cost decades from CAD to switching it on.
build a 1GW NG power plant which will pay for itself in under 10 years, it
You typoed, you meant 50 years or 100 years. A gas plant has similar costs than a coal plant. It would not even pay itself in 10 years if it had no fuel costs.
The web page unfortunately is the official site of the ITER project.
"Deuterium can be distilled from all forms of water." Yes, it can, but it's energy consuming and quite expensive.
No one doubted that. But that was not the topic, or was it?
Also who claimed that we achieve 100% "efficiency" in neutron reuse?
Unfortunately, even if the tritium in the lithium blanket was remotely efficient or safe to extract from the extremely toxic and dangerous lithium ...
We are talking about a gas very close to hydrogen, right? Embedded in a salty/metal matrix in a vacuum right? There is nothing to extract
Here is another site explaining the various reactions: https://www.euronuclear.org/in...
I only checked it as I was unsure how many neutrons are left over from a T+D reaction, unfortunately only one. So you are in so far right that most certainly extra tritium must be added to the reactor.
For a non-suicide mission we currently lack radiation shielding, life support systems, a functional ship, a landing system, a return system
First of all: this is not "technology".
This is hardware we can built mostly from off the shelf parts.
And you are wrong on all regards anyway. When the ISS can support half a dozen astronauts for month, then we obviously have the life support system. A ship is the least problem ... and the return trip only requires a ship in orbit of Mars and a landing/relaunch system. All stuff we did on the moon already. Just because the time frames and the time gap and the amount of people/astronauts involved is changed, does not change the underlying "technology". And radiation shielding is super simple: put the water tank and other stuff between the crew and the sun ... done.
As I mentioned in my other post: we lack know how. We don't know why so many landings are failing (not those where we later figure a computer/software fault ...)
To shoot stuff in orbit we use the exact same technology we used 50 years ago. We only changed fuels from liquid hydrogen/oxygen to petroleum and solid boosters.
Good game designs automatically offer all three and an easy option to change it.
Arrow keys mean: the right hand is blocked which you usually better have available for other "actions" ... if the game has them.
But I anyway was only nitpicking ...
Can only second that.
Most of my Mac owning friends are software developers and/or musicians.
Those who one them "privately" still mainly use them for business. On the other hand plenty of them live in France and historically the localization of Windows was a mess, I doubt they convert soon back to Windows ;D
What is wrong with 'WASD'? or if you want them on the right hand: 'IJKL'.