China already showed that it can destroy satellites too. They left a big mess behind, but that won't be their problem if the USA decides to block their access to space anyway.
I just searched for an answer to this question. Seems that pair generation by irradiation of matter (e.g. a mirror) is shown experimentally and can reach quite high intensities: http://journals.aps.org/prl/ab...
Generation in vacuum though seems to be shown only in models until now: http://iopscience.iop.org/0295... http://journals.aps.org/pra/ab...
Seems that the reaction rate is much lower, so maybe this is not a limiting factor for building a laser.
Normally high intensities are achieved by building a pulsed laser. This produces a beam of laser pulses, which is then focussed into a tiny spot. Intensities in this spot can be alot higher than inside the laser cavity. You could achieve higher laser intensities just by building a larger laser (like http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N...
).
Inside the laser cavity intensities are normally limited by the effects of nonlinear optics (
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N...
), which occur in all kinds of matter.
This is not only a problem for high photon energies on mirrors, but also for high energy densities in free space. If I remember correctly this starts at about 10^20 W/cm^2
Also the heat radiation from the plasma would toast your spaceship. If it surrounds the whole ship the ship will have no way to reduce its temperature. It will heat up to the temperature of the plasma, turning itself into plasma. So it can not work for a spaceship.
Hmm, to me the principle of holding a plasma in place by a magnetic field is sound. You can not block electromagnetic waves with any magnetic or electric fields, though the plasma absorbs all kinds of electromagnetic radiation.
Though both the high magnetic field strengths necessary and the energy loss due to thermal radiation probably make this impractical or impossible to build.
What bollocks. I think the actual question to ask is how it's possible to create the conditions for an very large (the size of the mine)and extremely low density (the concentration of natural ore) nuclear reactor.
In the days the preference for civilian reactors was to develop further along the design of the compact high density submarine reactors. The nuclear industry never got over that. There are prototypes of large reactors with much lower power density. It's a natural question to ask how low enrichment and low density one can go.
2 billion years ago the concentration of U-235 was still 3% of the uranium. It decreased due to the shorter half-lifes of U-235.
A pressurized heave water reactor runs with today's unenriched uranium, so we are better than that already.
Cells form by division of other cells, they are not "made".
Though over many cell divisions these inclusions should get diluted. So I guess this is only an issue for cells that do not grow and divide any more.
But these inclusions of misfolded proteins would agglomerate over the generations. The telomers do not become shorter because of telomerase. There must also be mechanisms to solve the problem of misfolded proteins.
The Indian ocean is very deep, it is a remote location and two weeks have passed already. This black box will be harder to find than that of the Air France flight which got lost over the Atlantic. Back then they said that the sender of the black box will run for a month. I don't believe that they will find it this time.
With such a massive volcanic eruption, doesn't mass extinction result mainly from dust in the atmosphere, which is blocking sunlight and stopping photosynthesis? And they still find something that can be compared to 21st century?
Under the circumstances, en interrogation in England is the best solution for every parties. If, following the interrogation, formal charges are layed and is is accused of rape, his situation will change anyway and probably won't have the choice to face the charges there, regardless where he is.
I think for some parties it is best when he stays locked into that embassy. So they are not gonna change anything and Assange must stay there until he is willing to risk to go to Sweden.
A good image merging algorithm could also do the trick, though these normally go wrong sometimes. Maybe not an alternative with this large amount of images.
From what I know these changes are to protect against credit card numbers s stolen from online trading, and to stop skimming. It is no longer enough to copy a magnetic stripe and steal a pin to get the money if no country in the world accepts magnetic stripes any more. USA is one of the last who does, a large part of the withdrawals in skimming attacks is done there now.
Ok, that makes sense. I guess they differentiate for the country where the card comes from. Because if they accept a card with only a magnetic stripe from Europe they will not get any cash from the bank if there was a fraud.
These computers are parts of botnets that exist for a long time. Send the infected customers an email about their infection, containing the offer to fix it (for a certain price) and a deadline when they will be cut off if they do not get this fixed.
The article acts as if they are wasting $350 million by completing it. But it does not say how much has been spent already. Maybe there is not that much money to save by cancelling it?
And I can't believe that the NASA will not use it in the future, the article also gives no real reason for that.
Fructose occurs naturally in fruits, but not in that large amounts and only combined with fibre. You would never eat that much fruits, and the fructose would be taken up slower.
But we can only cope with low body hair because we know ho to make clothes. Animals can't do that and will either loose to much energy keeping their body warm or cool down and become slow and easy prey.
I think this could also be a by-product. Having low amounts of body hair greatly reduces problems with parasites. It gives us most flexibility for the temperatures that we can collect fruits in.
Reducing the hair and especially increasing the number of sweet glands are probably quite simple modifications. And we had over a million years to become what we are, so only minimal selective pressure is needed.
Slashdot Mirror
China already showed that it can destroy satellites too. They left a big mess behind, but that won't be their problem if the USA decides to block their access to space anyway.
I just searched for an answer to this question. Seems that pair generation by irradiation of matter (e.g. a mirror) is shown experimentally and can reach quite high intensities:
http://journals.aps.org/prl/ab...
Generation in vacuum though seems to be shown only in models until now:
http://iopscience.iop.org/0295...
http://journals.aps.org/pra/ab...
Seems that the reaction rate is much lower, so maybe this is not a limiting factor for building a laser.
Normally high intensities are achieved by building a pulsed laser. This produces a beam of laser pulses, which is then focussed into a tiny spot. Intensities in this spot can be alot higher than inside the laser cavity. You could achieve higher laser intensities just by building a larger laser (like http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N... ).
Inside the laser cavity intensities are normally limited by the effects of nonlinear optics ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N... ), which occur in all kinds of matter.
This is not only a problem for high photon energies on mirrors, but also for high energy densities in free space. If I remember correctly this starts at about 10^20 W/cm^2
Also the heat radiation from the plasma would toast your spaceship. If it surrounds the whole ship the ship will have no way to reduce its temperature. It will heat up to the temperature of the plasma, turning itself into plasma. So it can not work for a spaceship.
Hmm, to me the principle of holding a plasma in place by a magnetic field is sound. You can not block electromagnetic waves with any magnetic or electric fields, though the plasma absorbs all kinds of electromagnetic radiation.
Though both the high magnetic field strengths necessary and the energy loss due to thermal radiation probably make this impractical or impossible to build.
What bollocks. I think the actual question to ask is how it's possible to create the conditions for an very large (the size of the mine)and extremely low density (the concentration of natural ore) nuclear reactor.
In the days the preference for civilian reactors was to develop further along the design of the compact high density submarine reactors. The nuclear industry never got over that. There are prototypes of large reactors with much lower power density. It's a natural question to ask how low enrichment and low density one can go.
2 billion years ago the concentration of U-235 was still 3% of the uranium. It decreased due to the shorter half-lifes of U-235.
A pressurized heave water reactor runs with today's unenriched uranium, so we are better than that already.
Cells form by division of other cells, they are not "made".
Though over many cell divisions these inclusions should get diluted. So I guess this is only an issue for cells that do not grow and divide any more.
But these inclusions of misfolded proteins would agglomerate over the generations. The telomers do not become shorter because of telomerase. There must also be mechanisms to solve the problem of misfolded proteins.
There must be mechanisms that can stop all these age-related degradations. Otherwise oocytes would get older with each generation of humans.
I know that the vacuum has quantum fluctuations, but they imply that the space itself is formed in these fluctuations.
The Indian ocean is very deep, it is a remote location and two weeks have passed already. This black box will be harder to find than that of the Air France flight which got lost over the Atlantic. Back then they said that the sender of the black box will run for a month. I don't believe that they will find it this time.
Ok, but if a bank operates with bitcoins it might not just loose a few millions, but everything it possesses in a hack.
What could you gain if you hacked a bank? Whatever changes you make, if they find out they will just undo them.
That is not possible with bitcoins.
With such a massive volcanic eruption, doesn't mass extinction result mainly from dust in the atmosphere, which is blocking sunlight and stopping photosynthesis? And they still find something that can be compared to 21st century?
Under the circumstances, en interrogation in England is the best solution for every parties. If, following the interrogation, formal charges are layed and is is accused of rape, his situation will change anyway and probably won't have the choice to face the charges there, regardless where he is.
I think for some parties it is best when he stays locked into that embassy. So they are not gonna change anything and Assange must stay there until he is willing to risk to go to Sweden.
A good image merging algorithm could also do the trick, though these normally go wrong sometimes. Maybe not an alternative with this large amount of images.
From what I know these changes are to protect against credit card numbers s stolen from online trading, and to stop skimming. It is no longer enough to copy a magnetic stripe and steal a pin to get the money if no country in the world accepts magnetic stripes any more. USA is one of the last who does, a large part of the withdrawals in skimming attacks is done there now.
Ok, that makes sense. I guess they differentiate for the country where the card comes from. Because if they accept a card with only a magnetic stripe from Europe they will not get any cash from the bank if there was a fraud.
Your credit cards don't even have the microprocessors yet? So you can not use them at cash machines in large parts of the world anymore?
These computers are parts of botnets that exist for a long time. Send the infected customers an email about their infection, containing the offer to fix it (for a certain price) and a deadline when they will be cut off if they do not get this fixed.
But why should this tower only be good for the A-3, and not for other rocket engines? Or did the NASA stop engine development completely?
The article acts as if they are wasting $350 million by completing it. But it does not say how much has been spent already. Maybe there is not that much money to save by cancelling it?
And I can't believe that the NASA will not use it in the future, the article also gives no real reason for that.
Fructose occurs naturally in fruits, but not in that large amounts and only combined with fibre. You would never eat that much fruits, and the fructose would be taken up slower.
But we can only cope with low body hair because we know ho to make clothes. Animals can't do that and will either loose to much energy keeping their body warm or cool down and become slow and easy prey.
I think this could also be a by-product. Having low amounts of body hair greatly reduces problems with parasites. It gives us most flexibility for the temperatures that we can collect fruits in.
Reducing the hair and especially increasing the number of sweet glands are probably quite simple modifications. And we had over a million years to become what we are, so only minimal selective pressure is needed.