Hops does not produce anywhere near the raw trichome amount necessary to make it a worthwhile host plant for the genetic code, and most of the trichomes are located at the flower, not all over the plant like a tomato.
" About 1% of the light that hits a plant is converted to useful chemical energy."
Where the hell are you getting ONE PERCENT? MINIMUM photosynthetic efficiency is roughly 3-6%. Not even cyanobacteria have photosynthetic efficiency that low.
"In absolute terms, there is about 100 watts/meter^2 of energy in sunlight"
You're off by an order of magnitude. Try again when you know what solar insolation at sea level is.
"By comparison, solar cells are around 10% efficient, and LEDs 20%, "
WRONG AGAIN. Solar cells are almost pushing 35% efficiencies for multi-junction cells, and single-wavelength LEDs are pushing 40% or higher efficiencies.
At some point in the not too distant future technology will advance enough for a grad student to transplant the gene to produce THC into some other plant. I vote for <URL:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poaceae> Glowing plants are just the beginning.
"At some point in the not too distant future technology will advance enough for a grad student to transplant the gene to produce THC into some other plant."
Umm, yea, no. You need certain structures to produce THC, and thus your chosen plant would fail pretty miserably.
The closest plant you could even remotely think of transplanting the gene into would be the Tomato, which produces capitate-stalked trichomes, a structure essential for the production of THC.
" It will be quite a while before asteroid mining will make any appreciable dent in this supply"
I think you underestimate the usefulness of metals formed in high gravity and expelled out into space while still molten, under a low-gravity field. The crystalline structure alone will bring us majorly new insights into physics in space.
Actually, I am. I know that for every 100% I go up, I'd become 1000% more asshole.
Hence, I would become a super-knowing asshole of such epic proportions that you'd be enslaved to me. After all, with that asshole attitude, I'd exceed even the sociopathic tendencies of corporations.
Author of TFS and TFA are apparently not smart enough as-is.
"Speaking of which, if the supply truly did "clamp" or "lock" to a constant voltage, it would be a pretty awful LED driver."
That pretty much proves you know nothing. We lock at voltages to avoid excessive dissipated heat across a given combined voltage drop of series-wired LEDs, in both the driver and the LED itself.
And that's basic physics and EE right there. You lose, good day, nameless coward.
I'm just going to ignore everything else you've said, you very obviously have never spent years of your time figuring out the nuances of LED and the challenges associated with the technology.
"If the barrel and/or the slide is made of even the best plastic, I wouldn't trust it to take the 35ksi of a normal 9mm round even once. That application requires properly heat treated 4130 or 4140 steel (or 316 stainless)."
We've got plastics with far higher tensile and compressive strengths. We've had them for over a decade. Kevlar, anyone?
"The European Union cannot meet its goals in agricultural policy without embracing genetically engineered crops (GMOs). That's the conclusion of scientists who write in Trends in Plant Science, a Cell Press publication, based on case studies showing that the EU is undermining its own competitiveness in the agricultural sector to its own detriment and that of its humanitarian activities in the developing world."
Pure bullshit. GMO crap is not needed, what is needed is more efficient cultivation. These 'scientists' are nothing more than goddamned shills and their tone is alarmist and designed to terrorize people into thinking their way.
I can produce in a 1/8 acre building an entire acre of crops, using far less water and fertilizer than traditional soil horticulture.
These 'scientists' are just fucking salespeople. I do real horticulture.
The hacking done in the case I'm mentioning involved a non-smartphone. The newer ones you read about today are all involving smartphones. This was on some Nokia handset or something.
"Another anecdotal complaint about service at a specific location."
Oh, look, another person that makes a complaint about an anecdote yet can't provide anything much more concrete than what I've said.
You're talking to someone that has worked on and built shortwave, FM, AM, VHF and UHF antennas, and is currently making one for a remote-controlled LED grow light, which shall operate in the 900MHz band.
I know what I'm doing, and I know that what's happening should not be happening at all. It could be part of their equipment has gone bad, it could be a poor connection to the antenna from the base, it could even be interference from possible unlicensed broadcasts, or it could be a bad ground loop making things quirky, but until it totally dies and customers can't access it period, they'll never fix it.
And that specific location, is at the base of a mountain. The antenna tower is above me, with multiple antennas pointed downwards and outwards to ensure coverage directly below the tower.
It's not just my handset, either. Everyone in or around this antenna has garbage reception. As soon as we get near the freeway, the signal pops right back up to near-maximum. Even the public wi-fi coming off the same tower has this issue.
Regardless, the tower itself belongs to T-Mobile, and it should be on them to fix it, considering this is affecting every service on that tower.
I'm not surprised in the least. T-Mobile is too busy scamming people out of their money to think about things like security (celebrity phone hacks) or actually getting a good infrastructure available (one bar in my apartment, the tower is 300 feet away, clear LOS.)
But to be fair, that same tower also carries Verizon, and they get the same service level in my apartment.
"It doesn't help having a 90+% efficiency current driver if you are then sticking a big power-dissipating resistor in series with your LED."
That's WITH the resistor included according to the circuit design software I use. Without it (single-power no-dim option on my LED panels) it's 95+% efficiency on a power factor of 0.97.
"So you honestly want the web to be a static, non-interactive system?"
I see you've never heard of a common gateway interface. This is how we used to interact with the internet, for live chats, forums, picture posting, and more, including 'interactive' sites.
"I hope you know how much of a minority you are"
Not very much of one, when you only count the people educated enough to know what they're talking about.
"and understand the web wouldn't be where it is today without JavaScript."
You mean to say, that without Javascript, the web wouldn't be the currently steaming pile of shit that heaps ads, malware, and hides content from me until I either pay or allow them to bombard me with advertisements, that it already is?
Well then, not only does JavaScript need to go away, but every person that was responsible for its invention should be killed as well.
"How do you think they make constant-current drivers that operate at high efficiency?"
Tantalum charge capacitors, carbon resistors, transformer, decoupling capacitors on the DC output, looking at all 20,000+ led drivers that are STANDARD in my panels and I designed. 90+ rating, NO FUCKING PWM, ripple is on par with that of server power supplies, and easily adjustable with a trim pot either before or after the LED in series.
"You can do lower frequencies without any flickering easily enough,"
I have the PWM drivers sitting right here. Even high frequencies cause visual distortion effects similar like keeping your hand in front of an active CRT and waving it around. Same thing with induction ballasts (and those are operating in 250K+Hz range typically.) Same thing with HFT5HO lighting and HID lighting. Same thing with CFL and CCFL lighting. If you want PWM that won't flicker, you're going to have to keep the cycle duty constantly cycling between 75-100% and never letting it drop. Those drivers don't last very long. Five years designing LED systems that can be dimmed, and everything everyone around here has said has been tested and dismissed as too short lifespan-wise. A regular potentiometer using just the wiper and one side is perfectly fine and much more reliable, your only real problem is picking the right resistance (trivial with one simple equation, but do it wrong and your only settings are minimum and maximum with practically no in-between) and thermal dissipation for dimming (not a problem with a large enough pot, or a large 1 Ohm resistor in-line before the potentiometer to handle it.)
Even better, use a large multi-turn potentiometer for that fine-grained control that PWM and Digipots can't really give you.
"A "constant current" power supply does exactly what the name implies. It is a regulated supply which tries to hold output current constant, varying the voltage across its output terminals as required to keep it constant."
Not in any of the ones I'm holding right here, out of several of my LED panels. They voltage clamp depending upon the LEDs total series voltage drop, and it LOCKS there. And several of these are the exact same power supply in my non-dimmable panels, just with a pot thrown in (exact same components + one potentiometer.)
"So: what you actually said (in electrical engineering-ese) is that you can dim a LED driven by a constant current supply by attaching the pot to the supply's output, presumably in series with the LED. Which is total nonsense, because that circuit really would just heat up the pot without actually dimming the LED. It took me quite a while (and some googling of LED lighting power supplies) to figure out exactly what you were talking about."
Except I just posted a video that proves you wrong, as a reply to the OP I was replying to. If I had a potentiometer with a helical structure instead of a typical spring, I would have had much finer control of the dimming.
"Without any other qualifiers, the phrase "constant current supply" implies a basic 3- or 4-terminal non-adjustable current regulator. AC or DC goes in, constant DC current comes out."
Ever hear of a wall wart? You know, those two conductor (terminal) plugs that take AC and output DC at constant current? You know, the things that have been around for... 40+ years, possibly longer?
"Stop calling other people idiots and making dumb youtube videos to crow about how right you are. You're all correct, more or less, but you're the one whose poor grasp of electronics technology and terminology created the misunderstanding."
Yep, such a poor understanding of tech and terminology that I build fully-equipped research and production centers, FROM SCRATCH. Such a poor understanding that I have Chinese companies begging me to let them in on my latest advances that they can utilize in their new products (and get paid for having such a poor understanding, I get paid a great deal.) Then my understanding is so poor that US-based thermal companies are coming to me for testing and approving of their thermal solutions.
I'm not entirely sure who's the one with the poor understanding here. I've been dimming LEDs on constant current and regular battery power for over half a decade, using potentiometers, PWM, raw AC current + high-resistance diode + LED + Potentiometer to act as a half-wave rectifier (with the resulting nasty 30Hz flicker) and other non-obvious methods.
They might want to check their systems themselves if they have any SecuROM shit installed.
That happened when I got Spore Creature Creator. As soon as it was installed, my display shit itself and went to 1600x1200 (it's a native 1920x1080) and refused to work properly until I wiped the system clean and re-installed Windows.
This is in fact listed in my old lawsuit against Electronic Arts.
My only flaw in this video was not using a larger potentiometer with a helical structure for more fine-grained current control, and using 200K Ohm instead of at least 500K ohm potentiometer. But I just snatched a pot right off a busted aquarium air pump just to show you that you're wrong.
What part of potentiometer do you not understand? Once you put the potentiometer on the DC side, the LED dims as resistance is changed.
This is how it's done in EVERY SINGLE LED PANEL I'VE MADE AND DISTRIBUTED that included dimming capability.
Go ask any Chinese, Japanese, or Korean manufacturer (hint: you'll find tons of them on Alibaba.com) about their dimmable power drivers for LED. The ones not using PWM use a potentiometer at the DC side to regulate current.
A potentiometer is a variable resistor or rheostat, when you only connect one end and the wiper. Voltage remains relatively the same, current gets regulated. Same way electric track cars work, the trigger/gun control being essentially a linear potentiometer - a wiper hooked to a long resistive spring.
What part of basic electronic design do you not understand? I've got a potentiometer and tons of LEDs and power supplies, and a nice high-definition video camera. Want to see how wrong you are?
Gone are the days of standardized common gateway interfaces. Gone are the days of inherently more secure by simplicity web design. Now it's so much constantly updating and broken shit that security is nothing more than a joke in the first place. Flash and JavaScript are the top causes of malware infection and transmission. They need to be shut down permanently.
I have zero issues getting a proper EDID off of my Samsung 1080p TV in either Windows or Linux. It's a problem directly with the firmware or software of the GPUs. The PS3 uses the HDMI flawlessly, as does my prosumer camera.
Slashdot Mirror
Hops does not produce anywhere near the raw trichome amount necessary to make it a worthwhile host plant for the genetic code, and most of the trichomes are located at the flower, not all over the plant like a tomato.
"A bit more than half of that reaches the earth's surface - about 750-800 W/m^2"
Try about 1,000+w/m^2/hour at sea level at full noon on a cloudless day at the equator, where solar insolation was set and measured and standardized.
" About 1% of the light that hits a plant is converted to useful chemical energy."
Where the hell are you getting ONE PERCENT? MINIMUM photosynthetic efficiency is roughly 3-6%. Not even cyanobacteria have photosynthetic efficiency that low.
"In absolute terms, there is about 100 watts/meter^2 of energy in sunlight"
You're off by an order of magnitude. Try again when you know what solar insolation at sea level is.
"By comparison, solar cells are around 10% efficient, and LEDs 20%, "
WRONG AGAIN. Solar cells are almost pushing 35% efficiencies for multi-junction cells, and single-wavelength LEDs are pushing 40% or higher efficiencies.
Who modded this bullshit informative?
At some point in the not too distant future technology will advance enough for a grad student to transplant the gene to produce THC into some other plant. I vote for <URL:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poaceae> Glowing plants are just the beginning.
"At some point in the not too distant future technology will advance enough for a grad student to transplant the gene to produce THC into some other plant."
Umm, yea, no. You need certain structures to produce THC, and thus your chosen plant would fail pretty miserably.
The closest plant you could even remotely think of transplanting the gene into would be the Tomato, which produces capitate-stalked trichomes, a structure essential for the production of THC.
Your logic circuits have failed.
Work copy vs copy POLICE AND COUNSEL received.
As in, what we gave the police was modified.
Reading comprehension is important.
" It will be quite a while before asteroid mining will make any appreciable dent in this supply"
I think you underestimate the usefulness of metals formed in high gravity and expelled out into space while still molten, under a low-gravity field. The crystalline structure alone will bring us majorly new insights into physics in space.
Actually, I am. I know that for every 100% I go up, I'd become 1000% more asshole.
Hence, I would become a super-knowing asshole of such epic proportions that you'd be enslaved to me. After all, with that asshole attitude, I'd exceed even the sociopathic tendencies of corporations.
Author of TFS and TFA are apparently not smart enough as-is.
Yes, I understand. I understand well more than I think you possibly know. (Hint, global research.)
"Speaking of which, if the supply truly did "clamp" or "lock" to a constant voltage, it would be a pretty awful LED driver."
That pretty much proves you know nothing. We lock at voltages to avoid excessive dissipated heat across a given combined voltage drop of series-wired LEDs, in both the driver and the LED itself.
And that's basic physics and EE right there. You lose, good day, nameless coward.
I'm just going to ignore everything else you've said, you very obviously have never spent years of your time figuring out the nuances of LED and the challenges associated with the technology.
"If the barrel and/or the slide is made of even the best plastic, I wouldn't trust it to take the 35ksi of a normal 9mm round even once. That application requires properly heat treated 4130 or 4140 steel (or 316 stainless)."
We've got plastics with far higher tensile and compressive strengths. We've had them for over a decade. Kevlar, anyone?
"The European Union cannot meet its goals in agricultural policy without embracing genetically engineered crops (GMOs). That's the conclusion of scientists who write in Trends in Plant Science, a Cell Press publication, based on case studies showing that the EU is undermining its own competitiveness in the agricultural sector to its own detriment and that of its humanitarian activities in the developing world."
Pure bullshit. GMO crap is not needed, what is needed is more efficient cultivation. These 'scientists' are nothing more than goddamned shills and their tone is alarmist and designed to terrorize people into thinking their way.
I can produce in a 1/8 acre building an entire acre of crops, using far less water and fertilizer than traditional soil horticulture.
These 'scientists' are just fucking salespeople. I do real horticulture.
The hacking done in the case I'm mentioning involved a non-smartphone. The newer ones you read about today are all involving smartphones. This was on some Nokia handset or something.
"Another anecdotal complaint about service at a specific location."
Oh, look, another person that makes a complaint about an anecdote yet can't provide anything much more concrete than what I've said.
You're talking to someone that has worked on and built shortwave, FM, AM, VHF and UHF antennas, and is currently making one for a remote-controlled LED grow light, which shall operate in the 900MHz band.
I know what I'm doing, and I know that what's happening should not be happening at all. It could be part of their equipment has gone bad, it could be a poor connection to the antenna from the base, it could even be interference from possible unlicensed broadcasts, or it could be a bad ground loop making things quirky, but until it totally dies and customers can't access it period, they'll never fix it.
And that specific location, is at the base of a mountain. The antenna tower is above me, with multiple antennas pointed downwards and outwards to ensure coverage directly below the tower.
It's not just my handset, either. Everyone in or around this antenna has garbage reception. As soon as we get near the freeway, the signal pops right back up to near-maximum. Even the public wi-fi coming off the same tower has this issue.
Regardless, the tower itself belongs to T-Mobile, and it should be on them to fix it, considering this is affecting every service on that tower.
Certainly not a problem for anyone with any rudimentary electronics skill.
I'm not surprised in the least. T-Mobile is too busy scamming people out of their money to think about things like security (celebrity phone hacks) or actually getting a good infrastructure available (one bar in my apartment, the tower is 300 feet away, clear LOS.)
But to be fair, that same tower also carries Verizon, and they get the same service level in my apartment.
"It doesn't help having a 90+% efficiency current driver if you are then sticking a big power-dissipating resistor in series with your LED."
That's WITH the resistor included according to the circuit design software I use. Without it (single-power no-dim option on my LED panels) it's 95+% efficiency on a power factor of 0.97.
"So you honestly want the web to be a static, non-interactive system?"
I see you've never heard of a common gateway interface. This is how we used to interact with the internet, for live chats, forums, picture posting, and more, including 'interactive' sites.
"I hope you know how much of a minority you are"
Not very much of one, when you only count the people educated enough to know what they're talking about.
"and understand the web wouldn't be where it is today without JavaScript."
You mean to say, that without Javascript, the web wouldn't be the currently steaming pile of shit that heaps ads, malware, and hides content from me until I either pay or allow them to bombard me with advertisements, that it already is?
Well then, not only does JavaScript need to go away, but every person that was responsible for its invention should be killed as well.
"How do you think they make constant-current drivers that operate at high efficiency?"
Tantalum charge capacitors, carbon resistors, transformer, decoupling capacitors on the DC output, looking at all 20,000+ led drivers that are STANDARD in my panels and I designed. 90+ rating, NO FUCKING PWM, ripple is on par with that of server power supplies, and easily adjustable with a trim pot either before or after the LED in series.
"You can do lower frequencies without any flickering easily enough,"
I have the PWM drivers sitting right here. Even high frequencies cause visual distortion effects similar like keeping your hand in front of an active CRT and waving it around. Same thing with induction ballasts (and those are operating in 250K+Hz range typically.) Same thing with HFT5HO lighting and HID lighting. Same thing with CFL and CCFL lighting. If you want PWM that won't flicker, you're going to have to keep the cycle duty constantly cycling between 75-100% and never letting it drop. Those drivers don't last very long. Five years designing LED systems that can be dimmed, and everything everyone around here has said has been tested and dismissed as too short lifespan-wise. A regular potentiometer using just the wiper and one side is perfectly fine and much more reliable, your only real problem is picking the right resistance (trivial with one simple equation, but do it wrong and your only settings are minimum and maximum with practically no in-between) and thermal dissipation for dimming (not a problem with a large enough pot, or a large 1 Ohm resistor in-line before the potentiometer to handle it.)
Even better, use a large multi-turn potentiometer for that fine-grained control that PWM and Digipots can't really give you.
"A "constant current" power supply does exactly what the name implies. It is a regulated supply which tries to hold output current constant, varying the voltage across its output terminals as required to keep it constant."
Not in any of the ones I'm holding right here, out of several of my LED panels. They voltage clamp depending upon the LEDs total series voltage drop, and it LOCKS there. And several of these are the exact same power supply in my non-dimmable panels, just with a pot thrown in (exact same components + one potentiometer.)
"So: what you actually said (in electrical engineering-ese) is that you can dim a LED driven by a constant current supply by attaching the pot to the supply's output, presumably in series with the LED. Which is total nonsense, because that circuit really would just heat up the pot without actually dimming the LED. It took me quite a while (and some googling of LED lighting power supplies) to figure out exactly what you were talking about."
Except I just posted a video that proves you wrong, as a reply to the OP I was replying to. If I had a potentiometer with a helical structure instead of a typical spring, I would have had much finer control of the dimming.
"Without any other qualifiers, the phrase "constant current supply" implies a basic 3- or 4-terminal non-adjustable current regulator. AC or DC goes in, constant DC current comes out."
Ever hear of a wall wart? You know, those two conductor (terminal) plugs that take AC and output DC at constant current? You know, the things that have been around for... 40+ years, possibly longer?
"Stop calling other people idiots and making dumb youtube videos to crow about how right you are. You're all correct, more or less, but you're the one whose poor grasp of electronics technology and terminology created the misunderstanding."
Yep, such a poor understanding of tech and terminology that I build fully-equipped research and production centers, FROM SCRATCH. Such a poor understanding that I have Chinese companies begging me to let them in on my latest advances that they can utilize in their new products (and get paid for having such a poor understanding, I get paid a great deal.) Then my understanding is so poor that US-based thermal companies are coming to me for testing and approving of their thermal solutions.
I'm not entirely sure who's the one with the poor understanding here. I've been dimming LEDs on constant current and regular battery power for over half a decade, using potentiometers, PWM, raw AC current + high-resistance diode + LED + Potentiometer to act as a half-wave rectifier (with the resulting nasty 30Hz flicker) and other non-obvious methods.
" In that case, you can either find businesses that don't require javascript on their sites, or stop using the web for those types of tasks."
Impossible and impossible again, for both statements.
They might want to check their systems themselves if they have any SecuROM shit installed.
That happened when I got Spore Creature Creator. As soon as it was installed, my display shit itself and went to 1600x1200 (it's a native 1920x1080) and refused to work properly until I wiped the system clean and re-installed Windows.
This is in fact listed in my old lawsuit against Electronic Arts.
Hell I went ahead and recorded the video. There you go, prepare to be proven wrong.
My only flaw in this video was not using a larger potentiometer with a helical structure for more fine-grained current control, and using 200K Ohm instead of at least 500K ohm potentiometer. But I just snatched a pot right off a busted aquarium air pump just to show you that you're wrong.
What part of potentiometer do you not understand? Once you put the potentiometer on the DC side, the LED dims as resistance is changed.
This is how it's done in EVERY SINGLE LED PANEL I'VE MADE AND DISTRIBUTED that included dimming capability.
Go ask any Chinese, Japanese, or Korean manufacturer (hint: you'll find tons of them on Alibaba.com) about their dimmable power drivers for LED. The ones not using PWM use a potentiometer at the DC side to regulate current.
A potentiometer is a variable resistor or rheostat, when you only connect one end and the wiper. Voltage remains relatively the same, current gets regulated. Same way electric track cars work, the trigger/gun control being essentially a linear potentiometer - a wiper hooked to a long resistive spring.
What part of basic electronic design do you not understand? I've got a potentiometer and tons of LEDs and power supplies, and a nice high-definition video camera. Want to see how wrong you are?
You know what's a better layer of security?
Not having Javascript at ALL.
Gone are the days of standardized common gateway interfaces. Gone are the days of inherently more secure by simplicity web design. Now it's so much constantly updating and broken shit that security is nothing more than a joke in the first place. Flash and JavaScript are the top causes of malware infection and transmission. They need to be shut down permanently.
I have zero issues getting a proper EDID off of my Samsung 1080p TV in either Windows or Linux. It's a problem directly with the firmware or software of the GPUs. The PS3 uses the HDMI flawlessly, as does my prosumer camera.