What the parent was referring to was that the upper middle class parents encouraged Summer activities like camp, music lessons, etc... You are right and that lower class parents can achieve the same thing if they valued education
I am suggesting that activities during the summer aren't that significant. Intelligence is positively correlated with income, so perhaps it's the higher average intelligence of upper middle class parents that cause this effect.
3) Studies consistently show that the biggest factor in kids doing better in school is parental involvement. If their parents care, the kids do better. A simple measure of this is books. The more books parents have in their house when they have kids, the better the kids do. Not because the kids read the books, but because owning the books is heavily correlated with bright, involved parents and THAT produces better achieving kids. So what seems to be needed isn't more school, but more parental involvement.
I would expect the presence of books in the home to be correlated with parent intelligence, not necessarily parental involvement. Parent intelligene is strongly correlated with child intelligence. I suspect that student intelligence is actually the biggest factor, but this factor is either not studied or not published in the results, because it goes against widely held politically correct ideals.
If malcolm gladwell's data is to be believed, the efficacy of extended schooling has everything to do with social class. It turns out that the upper end of the income scale actually do things with their kids during the summer increases their performance, because they're doing things like going to camp or participating in other enriching activities. The kids that don't have these opportunities by and large regress, intellectually speaking, over the summer break.
How does general intelligence factor in? Could it be that those at "the upper end of the income scale" are on average more intelligent?
I was never at "the upper end of the income scale" but I spent a significant time of my summers during elementary/middle school reading. Using a public library isn't what I would consider an upper-class activity.
Its important to those of us that know by not including extra stuff on the machine, that extra stuff can not possibly be exploited, cause problems, waste resources or any number of other reasons that don't come to mind right at the moment. Including extra stuff is almost always a bad idea when you're doing a server.
Just how much extra software is included in a base server installation of RHEL or Ubuntu?
You are of the same mentality as MS. Disk space and memory is cheap, who cares if we waste space with unneeded stuff!
It is not a Microsoft mentality. It's simple economics.
Personally, I'd rather you give me a ton of options and sane defaults rather than an installer that basically just copies everything from the cd/dvd/nfs mount to the drive and reboots.
Did you ever consider looking for a server installation image?
However, its certainly doable with Ubuntu, it just takes more work than with FBSD. The difference is really in the installer. Ubuntu is far more ignorant-user-friendly than FreeBSD
It doesn't seem like you've used Ubuntu besides of the desktop live CD. Ubuntu has separate server installation images with the Debian installer; it does not install desktop components. The desktop live CD basically copies the contents of the CD to disk.
I've been using FBSD since 2.2.x and with the exception of a minor change allowing for selection of your X desktop environment the FBSD installer hasn't changed since then and I still made a mistake and wasted an install during an install of an 8 preview. Entirely my fault for not paying attention, but its one of those things that the Ubuntu installer most certainly would have red flagged or just not allowed at all.
The Ubuntu server installer does not force you to install X at all.
Does Ubuntu provide a stable platform to build a server? No. It, like most linux distros, changes whole versions during updates. That isn't stable.
Ubuntu has LTS (long-term support) releases which are supported for 5 years on the server side. The last was 8.04 and the next will be 10.04.
I prefer RHEL/CentOS, however. I wonder how many people use Ubuntu LTS instead of using RHEL or SLES instead.
Does Ubuntu provide a way to strip itself down to the bare metal? Ain't as easy as the BSD's.
How often is this important? I can think only of a few situations, such as when fitting a system into a small/cheap flash.
But really, Comparing FreeBSD to Ubuntu is like comparing OpenSolaris to Windows 7. FreeBSD is largely a server operating system were as Ubuntu is an end user operating system. And if you are comparing server operating systems, there are far more important criteria than "speed". Things like version stability are vastly more important.
Ubuntu has a separate 'server' version (which really just includes a different set of packages and a different kernel build.)
No, the problem is with USB 2's ridiculous overhead requirements. With Firewire or eSATA or other well-designed fast connector types, I can finish transferring a whole ton of tiny files long before the USB-connected drive has even finished counting up the number of files it'll need to transfer (that's not including the actual transfer of those small files). For larger files, it fares better, but USB 2 seriously chokes on small files.
With an iPhone, the host does not directly access the device filesystem. And large transfers are slower than with other USB 2.0 devices, including hard disk based iPods.
Even if that's correct (which I doubt), do you suppose that the next iteration of pretty much every device might have faster memory in it? Or will if there's an interconnect that can take advantage of it?
The iPhone uses cheap MLC NAND flash. If Apple wanted faster flash memory, they could have installed more expensive and faster SLC flash. But it will be a while before Apple puts something the iPhone that will even saturate USB 2.0.
I estimate the flash write speed on my 16GB iPhone 3G to be around 5 megabytes/sec. The iPhone takes at least twice as long to sync the same music as does my old iPod (5G 60 GB, three and a half years old), both using USB 2.0.
Lets say I have a video that is....lets say H264 in a.mkv format. Now will any hardware accelerators actually recognize what it is through the mkv "wrapper" and accelerate it?
Hardware accelerators don't know what a mkv "wrapper" is. They don't care about the container format at all, and don't know anything about an AVI file, a MPEG transport or program stream, RTSP, etc. The software just reads the H.264 bitstream from the container and feeds only the H.264 stream to the decoder.
This is why various set-top boxes can play video from a combination of sources - satellite, Internet, Blu-ray, LAN, USB, internal HD, etc. And if the software on these devices supports the MKV container format and the file contains a compatible video stream, they will play the file.
On Windows 7, mkv files containing H.264 will work with hardware acceleration once you install a mkv splitter, even using Microsoft's built-in H.264 decoder.
Of course, the term "wakefulness promoting agent" is used to distinguish drugs like modafinil from traditional stimulants like caffeine.
I figured the phrase "wakefulness promoting agent" is used mainly to distinguish drugs like modafinil from the traditional US Schedule II stimulants amphetamine and methylphenidate, possibly to avoid any negative connotations associated with the word stimulant and these drugs. I've seen claims that modafinil isn't even a stimulant at all.
Calling it a "wakefulness promoting agent" probably helps get modafinil prescribed instead of significantly cheaper stimulants like methylphenidate (which is even part of some pharmacies' $4/30 days generic program.)
The mixed-vendor implementation apparently requires Windows 7 to get the card's drivers to work properly (the article was light on details on this point)
In Vista, multiple adapters can only be used with Aero and the new graphics features if they all used the same driver. (The Windows XP drivers still support this, and you can still use them in Vista.)
Maybe it's a competitive advantage and they don't want to advertise all the details of what lets them produce a device cheaper and faster than their competitors.
In any case, if they include GPL software (Linux), they will likely be including a copy of the license with the device.
Aside from being rather impressed that such is possible without dedicated XOR chips, that is.
XOR chips really aren't that special. A Core 2 can perform RAID6 calculations in excess of 6000 megabytes/sec. The difficulty is getting enough bandwidth from the drives to the CPU (for example, placing more than 2-4 drives on a PCI-e x1 controller will limit performance.)
Linux software RAID on (PCI-e based) commodity desktop hardware can saturate gigabit ethernet rather easily.
Did you read the entire page, or just a single sentence? That core is much less complex than the ARM cores found in mobile phones. Nor does it claim operation of 85 mW per GHz - this implies that the CPU can actually run at 1 GHz, and there is no such claim other than.085 mW per MHz on the page.
From the press release:
The new processor extends the company's MCU roadmap into ultra low-power MCU and SoC applications such as medical devices, e-metering, lighting, smart control, gaming accessories, compact power supply, power and motor control, precision analog and IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee) and Z-Wave systems.
The GMA950, and the associated chipset to go with it, found in atom systems is capable of using up significantly more power than the Atom processor itself. Adding in yet another chip is not the answer.
And the chipset combination in Atom systems provides: Serial ATA, support for graphics output for two displays up to 2048x1536 each (with 3D acceleration), many USB 2.0 host ports, PCI Express, support for up to 2GB DDR2, and a 533 MHz FSB.
Ever wonder why there aren't any Atom smartphones, but tons of ARM based ones?
No, because Atom+945GSE+ICH7M has plenty of features not needed on smartphones. And this combination is significantly faster and more powerful than any smartphone I've used.
The Cortex A9 looks very promising, and may trounce the Atom in all ways
How much power will an ARM-based netbook need to provide a similar feature set and similar performance?
If they can make sure there's an HD supporting graphics chipset with drivers, this will be an interesting chip.
The GMA 950 found in Atom systems is capable of outputting at 1080p60, and with a hardware decoder, can play HD H.264/VC1/MPEG2 content (such as Blu-ray). Broadcom makes such a decoder in PCI Express Mini Card form.
Note that I didn't make a judgment on whether this is a good idea; I just stated that it would tax the use of hybrid/electric vehicles in the same way that gas taxes currently tax the use of gas vehicles.
From my point of view, funding the highways is a separate issue from promoting the use of hybrid or electric vehicles. These vehicles don't fly and they don't hover above the surface of roads, so they still cause wear and they still can contribute to congestion on highways. (In other words, roads still need to be maintained and new roads constructed in areas with increasing traffic.)
You can find out how highways are funded in the US: See more.
I should think the answer is obvious. If you live in a building there is already a meter attached to your house. There also is one attached to nearly every business in the country. Virtually all electricity used in the US is generated by the grid and is ALREADY metered and taxed.
In which case all electricity is taxed to pay for roads, not just the electricity used to power vehicles. The gas tax is one of the few instances where the users of government services (roads) pay for the use of roads, and in (rough) proportion to how much they use.
You tax electricity. MUCH easier and the metering infrastructure already exists.
How? This seems like it would be very easy to evade, especially if the electricity is not coming from a public utility... unless there's a sophisticated DRM system that only allows charging from a taxed power source and detects if the batteries have been charged by bypassing the DRM system.
This would likely be worse than using a simple mileage counter in the vehicle.
Since this does nothing relevant that gasoline taxation doesn't already do
It would tax hybrids and electric vehicles more fairly, as these vehicles currently pay less or no gasoline tax compared to a gas-only vehicle of the same weight.
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I am suggesting that activities during the summer aren't that significant. Intelligence is positively correlated with income, so perhaps it's the higher average intelligence of upper middle class parents that cause this effect.
I would expect the presence of books in the home to be correlated with parent intelligence, not necessarily parental involvement. Parent intelligene is strongly correlated with child intelligence. I suspect that student intelligence is actually the biggest factor, but this factor is either not studied or not published in the results, because it goes against widely held politically correct ideals.
Are you arguing against general intelligence, which has been found to be significantly heritable (50-80%)?
How does general intelligence factor in? Could it be that those at "the upper end of the income scale" are on average more intelligent?
I was never at "the upper end of the income scale" but I spent a significant time of my summers during elementary/middle school reading. Using a public library isn't what I would consider an upper-class activity.
Just how much extra software is included in a base server installation of RHEL or Ubuntu?
It is not a Microsoft mentality. It's simple economics.
Did you ever consider looking for a server installation image?
It doesn't seem like you've used Ubuntu besides of the desktop live CD. Ubuntu has separate server installation images with the Debian installer; it does not install desktop components. The desktop live CD basically copies the contents of the CD to disk.
The Ubuntu server installer does not force you to install X at all.
Ubuntu has LTS (long-term support) releases which are supported for 5 years on the server side. The last was 8.04 and the next will be 10.04.
I prefer RHEL/CentOS, however. I wonder how many people use Ubuntu LTS instead of using RHEL or SLES instead.
How often is this important? I can think only of a few situations, such as when fitting a system into a small/cheap flash.
Ubuntu has a separate 'server' version (which really just includes a different set of packages and a different kernel build.)
A card reader that is probably connected via USB 2.0.
With an iPhone, the host does not directly access the device filesystem. And large transfers are slower than with other USB 2.0 devices, including hard disk based iPods.
The iPhone uses cheap MLC NAND flash. If Apple wanted faster flash memory, they could have installed more expensive and faster SLC flash. But it will be a while before Apple puts something the iPhone that will even saturate USB 2.0.
I estimate the flash write speed on my 16GB iPhone 3G to be around 5 megabytes/sec. The iPhone takes at least twice as long to sync the same music as does my old iPod (5G 60 GB, three and a half years old), both using USB 2.0.
That's not USB 2.0's fault. The bottleneck is almost certainly the slow/cheap flash memory in the iPhone. Fast flash is expensive.
Hardware accelerators don't know what a mkv "wrapper" is. They don't care about the container format at all, and don't know anything about an AVI file, a MPEG transport or program stream, RTSP, etc. The software just reads the H.264 bitstream from the container and feeds only the H.264 stream to the decoder.
This is why various set-top boxes can play video from a combination of sources - satellite, Internet, Blu-ray, LAN, USB, internal HD, etc. And if the software on these devices supports the MKV container format and the file contains a compatible video stream, they will play the file.
On Windows 7, mkv files containing H.264 will work with hardware acceleration once you install a mkv splitter, even using Microsoft's built-in H.264 decoder.
I figured the phrase "wakefulness promoting agent" is used mainly to distinguish drugs like modafinil from the traditional US Schedule II stimulants amphetamine and methylphenidate, possibly to avoid any negative connotations associated with the word stimulant and these drugs. I've seen claims that modafinil isn't even a stimulant at all.
Calling it a "wakefulness promoting agent" probably helps get modafinil prescribed instead of significantly cheaper stimulants like methylphenidate (which is even part of some pharmacies' $4/30 days generic program.)
No; libertarians think the government shouldn't be responsible for fixing everything.
Windows 7 includes a new version of the display driver model. One of the new features: "Support multiple drivers in a multi-adapter, multi-monitor setup".
In Vista, multiple adapters can only be used with Aero and the new graphics features if they all used the same driver. (The Windows XP drivers still support this, and you can still use them in Vista.)
In any case, if they include GPL software (Linux), they will likely be including a copy of the license with the device.
XOR chips really aren't that special. A Core 2 can perform RAID6 calculations in excess of 6000 megabytes/sec. The difficulty is getting enough bandwidth from the drives to the CPU (for example, placing more than 2-4 drives on a PCI-e x1 controller will limit performance.)
Linux software RAID on (PCI-e based) commodity desktop hardware can saturate gigabit ethernet rather easily.
There are functioning societies that do not use juries extensively, or do not use them at all.
Did you read the entire page, or just a single sentence? That core is much less complex than the ARM cores found in mobile phones. Nor does it claim operation of 85 mW per GHz - this implies that the CPU can actually run at 1 GHz, and there is no such claim other than .085 mW per MHz on the page.
From the press release:
And the chipset combination in Atom systems provides: Serial ATA, support for graphics output for two displays up to 2048x1536 each (with 3D acceleration), many USB 2.0 host ports, PCI Express, support for up to 2GB DDR2, and a 533 MHz FSB.
No, because Atom+945GSE+ICH7M has plenty of features not needed on smartphones. And this combination is significantly faster and more powerful than any smartphone I've used.
How much power will an ARM-based netbook need to provide a similar feature set and similar performance?
The GMA 950 found in Atom systems is capable of outputting at 1080p60, and with a hardware decoder, can play HD H.264/VC1/MPEG2 content (such as Blu-ray). Broadcom makes such a decoder in PCI Express Mini Card form.
But this is exactly what the gas tax does, and as a result, fuel taxes accounted for 53% of federal highway disbursements in 2006, with more coming. This is better than mass transportation - only 34% of operating costs are paid using passenger fares. To move to a system where road users fund less of the costs would be a shame.
I don't think arbitrarily taxing energy to encourage efficiency is a good thing.
And if you do: the road to hell is paved with good intentions.
Note that I didn't make a judgment on whether this is a good idea; I just stated that it would tax the use of hybrid/electric vehicles in the same way that gas taxes currently tax the use of gas vehicles.
From my point of view, funding the highways is a separate issue from promoting the use of hybrid or electric vehicles. These vehicles don't fly and they don't hover above the surface of roads, so they still cause wear and they still can contribute to congestion on highways. (In other words, roads still need to be maintained and new roads constructed in areas with increasing traffic.)
You can find out how highways are funded in the US: See more.
In which case all electricity is taxed to pay for roads, not just the electricity used to power vehicles. The gas tax is one of the few instances where the users of government services (roads) pay for the use of roads, and in (rough) proportion to how much they use.
How? This seems like it would be very easy to evade, especially if the electricity is not coming from a public utility... unless there's a sophisticated DRM system that only allows charging from a taxed power source and detects if the batteries have been charged by bypassing the DRM system.
This would likely be worse than using a simple mileage counter in the vehicle.
It would tax hybrids and electric vehicles more fairly, as these vehicles currently pay less or no gasoline tax compared to a gas-only vehicle of the same weight.