Some of the energy is "lost" as light reflection, while some is lost as heat. Anyway, once a photon starts to go away from the cell, the reflective walls will direct it outwards
It might be so - however, I don't know the costs of a ground-source heat pump. Did any digging recently? Also, you can get hot water at a higher efficiency than electricity from solar power, and the costs of installations are lower to boot. What a solar water heating system can't give you (but a PV panel/ground pump could easily) is cooling
Assuming your car has 20 square meters of surface, all of it oriented towards the sun. In Ecuador. With 100% efficient solar panels.
You can get at most 20 HP of power from that. In your real situation, with maybe 5 square meters of surface available in the morning, and lower solar power, and the 40% efficiency solar cells, you get 2HP (or 1.5KW). Does it help? A bit, yes. If your car can load itself all day with energy, and know when she will reach destination, she could bleed the electricity storage battery (and reload it later). This way, you could get 10 square meters of max power, 8 hours a day, and with perfect efficiency in rest (charge, discharge, motor) you get 80 HP hours - or two hours at 40HP. Good enough for a commute... but...
Now, you could buy solar panels at $5000 per kW (and 20 pounds). Assuming double efficiency is treble the price - you need $15,000 per square meter, so you'll pay $150,000 for solar on your car. Is it worth to drop your fuel consumption 50%? Or completely?
The wind turbines convert some of the wind power in electricity, some of it goes in vortexes, and some goes into sound. A small wind turbine will spin at higher rpm in wind, and the noise might become unpleasant.
As for solar power from blades' surface - the tower where the turbine is seated has more surface area than the blades, extra mass is not usually a problem, and you have a sun-facing side - the blades don't always have a sun-facing side (so you'll need to put panels on both sides), the shape of the blades is critical for efficiency, and mass in a fast rotating, very long blade is always a problem
Peak solar power is around 750W per square meter of installation. With those new panels, you could get - let's say - 1000W per 4 square meters (40 square feet).
Assuming you are going at work using 10kW (14 HP) average for two hours (both ways), and assuming 6 hours a day peak power, and your losses are zero, you need less than 15 square meters (160 square feet).
Now, if you add 50% losses in the recharge system (car and house), you need to double that - 30 square meters, or some 300+ square feet of solar installation, inclined to an angle equal to your location's latitude (equator- flat roof top, Alaska - sharp roof)
Some cars already have a small solar panel in order to cope with the parasitic loads when the car is shut off (alarm, remote key, and other things). However, the solar power you could produce from the surface of a car is not enough to give you mobility. Look at the solar races, they reach maybe 100km/h during the day, using lots of solar panels, on a car that's worth hundred of thousands of dollars. And no air conditioning, it seems.
The most efficient use of solar power is the water heating system. Solar panels are a distant second for now - as they are very costly for the power they can produce (we assume your house needs heating or hot water). Depending on conditions, wind power might be a cheaper overall choice than solar panels.
But in places like California, solar panels indeed pay for themselves
It seems the cells uses three different solar receptors (low, mid and high energy light), and doesn't need precise tracking devices.
A satellite-based solar panel could easily have the solar tracking device - however, tracking devices are expensive, could be affected by strong winds (for big installations), and use some power by themselves. Such a kit could bring higher efficiency in stationary panels, or (as suggested in article) could be used by the army as recharge packs for and instead of batteries.
You must actively use and defend a trademark.
However, a patent is a completely different beast - you have it, and can sleep on it. The so-called submarine patents appear from time to time, and in some cases the infringing company pays (Microsoft and its Internet Explorer versus some company with a patent for active content in browsers ended with Microsoft paying)
If you have a 4 tons Hummer and a 1 ton car. Each runs at 30 mph.
After collision, you will have a (Hummer+car) construction, going 18 mph in the direction the Hummer went (assuming the cars lock in accident, and won't jump back).
So, the Hummer just hit a wall at 12 mph, while the other car hit the same wall at 48 mph.
And the victim of a rape should be compensated according to the duration of the rape? Maybe overtime and double the wage if the rape took place at night?
An hour of the time, double for overtime and again double for night shift? For $200 a rape, there would be plenty of takers.
There should be some sort of "punitive damages" which will make the guilty think again before doing the same again
(In Romania, not in USA)
If you go to the movie in one of the days after the weekend opening (like Wednesday), in one of the big cinema (the biggest in the city), you'll see the movie in the same week as the launch in Paris. You will also NOT have air conditioning, cramped seats, your reserved seat will go to someone else too, have plenty of promo (whether you want it or not), not so awesome sound, and clarity and fuzziness (not all the projectors are always perfectly in focus). Also, an extra would be a missing sequence (maybe several seconds long, but plenty to make you think "!@#$%^&&** them"
I went a couple weeks ago at the launch of "Harry Potter and the order of Phoenix", and the experience was not good
The Geneva convention refers also to the rights of the "prisoners of war". A prisoner of war is an uniformed soldier, captured while fighting for its country.
The freedom fighters from Iraq, or the ones from Afghanistan, or others, are not technically protected by those regulations - they are not uniformed, and they are not fighting for their country (the government recognized at the international level).
Apple could choke Microsoft only if it would run all the software MS Windows runs. If not, then big corporations won't switch (because their legacy applications won't work), small corporations won't switch because their in-house developed applications/macros/... won't work on a different platform, and so on. And I really don't think Microsoft will develop Office for Mac as an equally functional Office.
Taking the big share of the market (especially desktop market) I could see, but Microsoft choked in a year? Microsoft could run in its form, without selling anything, for several years
You can ran geologic applications on supercomputers - but remember that the computer a geologist takes to work must survive to very harsh conditions (dust, heat, cold, maybe rain), and as such is a low configuration built for the task. So, their applications really must run on low-grade computers.
Apache is free. BSD is free. Linux is free. PHP/Python/Perl is free. MySQL is free
then why Apache running on one of the operating systems above, using other applications above, have a market share?
If Apple and Microsoft goes bankrupt tomorrow, then you can be sure plenty of servers will run Linux or BSD based operating systems of the Enterprise variety - that means paid, and with support contracts (as many do right now). Also, I am sure some companies offer BSD support, and if not, some will. Also, Sun's applications which are now free might be free in that future but could come with support.
There are plenty of money to be had from a free product
A very small bank once had a PC running as data server. Every end of month, the end-of-month report was started at three o'clock in the day, and ended early in the morning (after more than 12 hours), with people sitting there to supervise (it was in the 1999). Their so-called data server was just a fast PC.
Now, an upgrade was desired. They moved to a configuration about 5 times more expensive than anything I've seen until then - I mean it was expensive as hell - SCSI, dual processor, Intel chassis and mainboard, tons of RAM. Well, they moved to the new machine, and the reports took a bit over one hour.
Well, the idea is: if you want your performance only at end-of-month, and there is a monopoly, you are happy for everything that reduce your costs.
(for a company which runs its core software on a single type of mainframe, moving to another supplier is not an option)
Slashdot Mirror
Some of the energy is "lost" as light reflection, while some is lost as heat. Anyway, once a photon starts to go away from the cell, the reflective walls will direct it outwards
For when a starlight cell?
It might be so - however, I don't know the costs of a ground-source heat pump. Did any digging recently? Also, you can get hot water at a higher efficiency than electricity from solar power, and the costs of installations are lower to boot. What a solar water heating system can't give you (but a PV panel/ground pump could easily) is cooling
Assuming your car has 20 square meters of surface, all of it oriented towards the sun. In Ecuador. With 100% efficient solar panels.
You can get at most 20 HP of power from that. In your real situation, with maybe 5 square meters of surface available in the morning, and lower solar power, and the 40% efficiency solar cells, you get 2HP (or 1.5KW). Does it help? A bit, yes. If your car can load itself all day with energy, and know when she will reach destination, she could bleed the electricity storage battery (and reload it later). This way, you could get 10 square meters of max power, 8 hours a day, and with perfect efficiency in rest (charge, discharge, motor) you get 80 HP hours - or two hours at 40HP. Good enough for a commute... but...
Now, you could buy solar panels at $5000 per kW (and 20 pounds). Assuming double efficiency is treble the price - you need $15,000 per square meter, so you'll pay $150,000 for solar on your car. Is it worth to drop your fuel consumption 50%? Or completely?
The wind turbines convert some of the wind power in electricity, some of it goes in vortexes, and some goes into sound. A small wind turbine will spin at higher rpm in wind, and the noise might become unpleasant.
As for solar power from blades' surface - the tower where the turbine is seated has more surface area than the blades, extra mass is not usually a problem, and you have a sun-facing side - the blades don't always have a sun-facing side (so you'll need to put panels on both sides), the shape of the blades is critical for efficiency, and mass in a fast rotating, very long blade is always a problem
Peak solar power is around 750W per square meter of installation. With those new panels, you could get - let's say - 1000W per 4 square meters (40 square feet).
Assuming you are going at work using 10kW (14 HP) average for two hours (both ways), and assuming 6 hours a day peak power, and your losses are zero, you need less than 15 square meters (160 square feet).
Now, if you add 50% losses in the recharge system (car and house), you need to double that - 30 square meters, or some 300+ square feet of solar installation, inclined to an angle equal to your location's latitude (equator- flat roof top, Alaska - sharp roof)
Some cars already have a small solar panel in order to cope with the parasitic loads when the car is shut off (alarm, remote key, and other things). However, the solar power you could produce from the surface of a car is not enough to give you mobility. Look at the solar races, they reach maybe 100km/h during the day, using lots of solar panels, on a car that's worth hundred of thousands of dollars. And no air conditioning, it seems.
The most efficient use of solar power is the water heating system. Solar panels are a distant second for now - as they are very costly for the power they can produce (we assume your house needs heating or hot water). Depending on conditions, wind power might be a cheaper overall choice than solar panels.
But in places like California, solar panels indeed pay for themselves
It seems the cells uses three different solar receptors (low, mid and high energy light), and doesn't need precise tracking devices.
A satellite-based solar panel could easily have the solar tracking device - however, tracking devices are expensive, could be affected by strong winds (for big installations), and use some power by themselves. Such a kit could bring higher efficiency in stationary panels, or (as suggested in article) could be used by the army as recharge packs for and instead of batteries.
Yeah, looking forward to hear simulated moans in all their BluRay audio glory
You must actively use and defend a trademark.
However, a patent is a completely different beast - you have it, and can sleep on it. The so-called submarine patents appear from time to time, and in some cases the infringing company pays (Microsoft and its Internet Explorer versus some company with a patent for active content in browsers ended with Microsoft paying)
If you have a 4 tons Hummer and a 1 ton car. Each runs at 30 mph.
After collision, you will have a (Hummer+car) construction, going 18 mph in the direction the Hummer went (assuming the cars lock in accident, and won't jump back).
So, the Hummer just hit a wall at 12 mph, while the other car hit the same wall at 48 mph.
Better to be in the Hummer
And the victim of a rape should be compensated according to the duration of the rape? Maybe overtime and double the wage if the rape took place at night?
An hour of the time, double for overtime and again double for night shift? For $200 a rape, there would be plenty of takers.
There should be some sort of "punitive damages" which will make the guilty think again before doing the same again
(In Romania, not in USA)
If you go to the movie in one of the days after the weekend opening (like Wednesday), in one of the big cinema (the biggest in the city), you'll see the movie in the same week as the launch in Paris. You will also NOT have air conditioning, cramped seats, your reserved seat will go to someone else too, have plenty of promo (whether you want it or not), not so awesome sound, and clarity and fuzziness (not all the projectors are always perfectly in focus). Also, an extra would be a missing sequence (maybe several seconds long, but plenty to make you think "!@#$%^&&** them"
I went a couple weeks ago at the launch of "Harry Potter and the order of Phoenix", and the experience was not good
I've found that funny, not trollish... but to everyone its own
Self-titled freedom fighters, then. Or people who consider themselves so (or at least declares themselves)
The Geneva convention refers also to the rights of the "prisoners of war". A prisoner of war is an uniformed soldier, captured while fighting for its country.
The freedom fighters from Iraq, or the ones from Afghanistan, or others, are not technically protected by those regulations - they are not uniformed, and they are not fighting for their country (the government recognized at the international level).
So, the Geneva convention is not perfect
Poor bees die by the thousands trying to pollinate species genetically engineered to be insect resistant (in fact insect killers)
They are as clean as possible - until passengers board them.
Apple could choke Microsoft only if it would run all the software MS Windows runs. If not, then big corporations won't switch (because their legacy applications won't work), small corporations won't switch because their in-house developed applications/macros/... won't work on a different platform, and so on. And I really don't think Microsoft will develop Office for Mac as an equally functional Office.
Taking the big share of the market (especially desktop market) I could see, but Microsoft choked in a year? Microsoft could run in its form, without selling anything, for several years
You can ran geologic applications on supercomputers - but remember that the computer a geologist takes to work must survive to very harsh conditions (dust, heat, cold, maybe rain), and as such is a low configuration built for the task. So, their applications really must run on low-grade computers.
You mean a Beowulf committee?
Apache is free. BSD is free. Linux is free.
PHP/Python/Perl is free. MySQL is free
then why Apache running on one of the operating systems above, using other applications above, have a market share?
If Apple and Microsoft goes bankrupt tomorrow, then you can be sure plenty of servers will run Linux or BSD based operating systems of the Enterprise variety - that means paid, and with support contracts (as many do right now). Also, I am sure some companies offer BSD support, and if not, some will. Also, Sun's applications which are now free might be free in that future but could come with support.
There are plenty of money to be had from a free product
A very small bank once had a PC running as data server. Every end of month, the end-of-month report was started at three o'clock in the day, and ended early in the morning (after more than 12 hours), with people sitting there to supervise (it was in the 1999). Their so-called data server was just a fast PC.
Now, an upgrade was desired. They moved to a configuration about 5 times more expensive than anything I've seen until then - I mean it was expensive as hell - SCSI, dual processor, Intel chassis and mainboard, tons of RAM. Well, they moved to the new machine, and the reports took a bit over one hour.
Well, the idea is: if you want your performance only at end-of-month, and there is a monopoly, you are happy for everything that reduce your costs.
(for a company which runs its core software on a single type of mainframe, moving to another supplier is not an option)
Calin
They don't have to prove guilt without the shadow of a doubt. They just need to prove the most probable guilt.
But they do need to prove you guilty beyond circumstantial evidence