Whoa whoa whoa, folks! When I posted this story, I certainly didn't intend to spark a discussion of various means of violating 17 USC 1201(a). I expect you all to (a) call your lawyers, and (b) consult your nearest spiritual adviser for immediate legal and moral correction. (In all seriousness, thanks to Unknown Lamer for crediting me with the link to freecode. It's a way more diverse and cross-platform list of rippers than I would have included. I just figured that nobody needed my help.) Also, don't forget to tune in to hear the results from the triennial DMCA exemption proceedings, as administered by the Copyright Office. As PK notes in their post, they've filed for an exemption to make it legal when end users rip DVDs for personal use. While the process has been better in recent rounds, don't hold your breath. When Oscar Gandy and I did an analysis of the first two rounds, we condemned the process as a Kafka-esque exercise (pdf) administered by a captured agency. (OK, that's enough of a self-promotional victory lap.)
The copyright fundamentalists should have taken the OPEN Act (which itself still needs some tweaks; see the EFF write-up) and called it a day. It really says something that the voices for fair use—Ron Wyden, Zoe Lofgren, Jared Polis, etc.—were the ones introducing a bill to create a mechanism to starve allegedly infringing sites of funding.
Previous legislative processes, e.g. the development of the ideas that became the anticircumvention proceedings in the DMCA, showed at least some willingness to compromise and listen to critical input—hardly done in a good-faith effort to craft good legislation for the 21st Century, but at least willing to hold multiple hearings and actually hear from all of the critics. That at a time when there weren't nearly as many critics!
This time around, the copyright zealots and their allies in Congress decided on a fingers-in-the-ears, ram-it-through-ASAP strategy. That is, until January 18. Now, suddenly, they're claiming that the tech industry and civil society groups need to be more willing to sit down and talk. This while Chris Dodd won't even make time for lunch with Gary Shapiro—the head of the Consumer Electronics Association, not exactly Richard f'ing Stallman.
The gall these folks have shown in the last two years, the pure nerve, is amazing—even in the context of the copyright debate for the previous 25+ years, a time when they've some real chutzpah.
I don't even think they were trying the door-in-the-face technique. Their ideas really are just that crazy! The **AAs are such fundamentalists in their beliefs they make Rick Santorum look like a flip-flopper. If their goal was to get something more reasonable through, e.g. the OPEN Act, they would have jumped on it between the first day of action (November), which itself drew a million people to contact Congress, and the second (January).
Don't be shocked if this follows the pattern laid out in the case of the WIPO anticircumvention treaty. It did not require anything nearly as strong as the DMCA, but the content industry kept waiving it in congressional faces, demanding that we pass something far too draconian to be justified by the treaty we had actually signed. In principle, this is set up to be in line with extant US law, thus not requiring a full Senate confirmation, but I wouldn't be shocked if (a) the content industries rammed down much stronger interpretations down other countries' throats, and (b) they then came back to the US and demanded that we "harmonize" with these stronger interpretations.
This is a much, much more thoughtful response. Thanks! Sorry I called you a jerk, glad you apologized. (Travel has a significant crankiness effect, even when controlling for other variables, though effect size depends on the scale used.) You're clearly a thoughtful researcher.
I don't have time at the moment to read the articles or write an extended response, but I'll try to do so and reply here. Also, please do look me up (Bill Herman, pleasure to curse you out online) and send me a private email. I'd like to see your CV.
One note, though, that made lead the 3.5 people still reading at this point astray: You and I both know the peer review process is double blind. The authors don't know who reviewed the manuscript, and in principle the reviewers don't know who authored the paper. Thus, Anderson and company don't have an obvious benefit from being established authorities in the field--however that field is defined. (I assume you mean that reviewers often recognize famous authors' work and that does shape their evaluations. This can happen, but it's less common than one might think. Further, if I think your work is bullocks, my anonymity allows me to say so without repercussions, which I've done repeatedly--although I try to be polite about it. That most of their peers think it's sound research says they're doing at least a respectable job.)
Having served on both ends of that process, I know for a fact that most journal editors try to find reviewers who are experts in a paper's subject as well as its methods. If I were editing a journal and got any of these papers, I'd look for an expert on game effects to read it--and one not closely associated with the author(s). As you note, there aren't a lot of people who are gamers and media effects researchers, which definitely limits the pool, but every editor who's assigned reviewers has almost certainly tried hard to find them all. Are you an untapped resource here? If so, start publishing--even a more formalized version of what you're saying here is a good start.
Thank you for the cites. I'll look into them at some point. Hopefully you will have been in touch by then.
I forgot to mention: really and truly, I have no dog in this fight--and I'd happily relinquish the dissonance that comes with being anti-censorship despite my belief that violent media lead to real violence. Thus, I'm willing to be wrong here (or at least concede that there's a valid contrast between credible scientific studies), but you have to prove it with sound evidence, not resort to nitpicking.
OK, I've been stuck in a crap airport for 8 hours because of a cancelled flight by a crap airline (airport and airline needing not to be specified), and I'm not even capable of being polite or coherent right now. But let's start with the foul language I'm keeping to myself but which you totally, totally deserve. Because you baited me (with, by your own admission, a trollishly innocent-sounding question), I wasted an hour I should have spent doing work on my own research or teaching prep--or just reading or relaxing. What you just did was 100% awful and shameful.
Before I even think of responding, though, I'll put the burden on you. Produce a cite to a sound meta-analysis--that isn't by one of the hacks Huessman & Taylor diss and that uses sound meta-analytic methods--and comes to the opposite conclusion. You do research in this area? Great! Post some and let me tear it apart. Don't hide behind a bunch of two-sentence attacks on established research. (If this is all such obviously flawed work, why do the best journals keep accepting it?)
I have more to say here (note how I'm not trolling you, jerk), but until you make more constructive contributions to this discussion, I'll hold off. Until then, put up or shut up.
By video game tech standards, it's pretty dated (2003), and
they suspect that's part of the limited effect size. Looking for violence
effects from games that involve killing the grey blob with your blue blob (a
not-too-uncharitable description of 8-bit gaming) created a lot of earlier
studies with a more limited effect size. It's less obviously relevant to real
life than film or TV footage of real people committing much more
realistic-looking violence. That's NOT the same thing as finding no
effect--just a diminished effect. They provide citations to the best, most
relevant lit to that point.
I'm not a violence effects researcher specifically (though I
did my PhD at a school where everyone learns a lot about this work, and I’ve
done a good bit of reading since then), so I'm not sure how estimates of effect
size have changed over time. That said, the quality research in the last decade
has only cemented findings of a causal effect with real-world significance. The
experiments continue to provide further evidence of a causal link, and the
correlational and longitudinal studies continue to find that these effects take
place in the real worldnot just in laboratories.
Here is a not-necessarily-definitive list of a few more
recent studies that are video game specific and come to the same conclusions:
1. Anderson, C. A., Gentile, D. A., & Buckley, K. E.
(2007). Violent video game effects on
children and adolescents. New York: Oxford University Press.
Obviously, buying or borrowing and reading a whole book is
overkill. This contains a shortened version of the same findings:
2. Video Game EffectsConfirmed, Suspected, and
Speculative: A Review of the Evidence
Bartlett, Anderson, & Spring (2008), Simulation & Gaming 42(1).
Aggressive behavior. Many methods and tools are used to
measure aggressive behavior (see Bushman & Anderson, 1998; Ritter &
Eslea, 2005, for a review of laboratory-based methods). Methods used to assess
aggressive behavior range from observations of children at play (e.g., Schutte, Malouff,
Post-Gordon-Joan, & Rodasta, 1988) to reports by
oneself, teachers, parents, and peers (e.g., Anderson et al., 2007, Studies 2
and 3), to standard laboratory paradigms (e.g., Konijn,
Nije, & Bushman, 2007). Results using these and
other measures show strong support for the causal relationship between violent
video game exposure and aggressive behavior. Overall, experimental,
cross-sectional, and longitudinal studies have all found that exposure to
violent video games leads to increased physical aggression (for comprehensive reviews, see Anderson, Berkowitz, et al., 2003;
Anderson & Bushman, 2001; Anderson et al., 2004; Anderson et al., 2007).
(p. 382)
3. Longitudinal Effects of Violent Video Games on Aggression
in Japan and the United States
Anderson et al. (2008), Pediatrics
122(5). [Speaking of publication quality, the 2009 ISI citation analysis
ranked Pediatrics as the 3rd
most-cited of the 94 included journals in the pediatrics category.]
This is a longitudinal study of both US and Japanese youth.
A significant result was found in these real-world conditions (for those of you
who would dismiss experimental studies as failing to establish results that
matter in the real world).
4.Correlates
and Consequences of Exposure to Video Game Violence: Hostile Personality,
Empathy, and Aggressive Behavior
Bartholow, Sestir,
& Davis (2005), Personality and
Social Psychology Bulletin 31 (11).
I know/. is pro-game and anti-censorship. SO AM I. That said, I'm really disappointed by the proliferation of anti-scientific misunderstandings propagated by the OP and commenters. (For instance: OP needs to RTFA. The study measures both quantity AND quality.) As a media studies scholar, I've studied the evidence, and there really is a statistically significant correlation (which DOES NOT equal an effect 100% of the time or anywhere near that often) between consuming violent media and engaging in real-world violence.
I'd say more, but these folks do a MUCH better job:
Read this chapter, read some more of the evidence, then share your thoughts based on the actual data. Don't oppose scientific findings based on policy preferences.
Wrong dept. More like, "From the who-needs-online-freedom-when-we-have-Sen.-Lieberman dept." or the "these-are-not-the-censorship-droids-you're-looking-for dept."
Apparently it's now illegal to do things online with which Sen. Droopy Dog disagrees, but never you mind that. Our immigrations department has become a rogue IP cop, declaring themselves judge, jury, and online executioner to dozens of websites, but don't worry about that. Our Senate Judiciary Committee just unanimously voted to give the same process a slightly more legal sheen, disregarding an open letter from virtually every major figure in the history of the internet, and it's going to be tucked into an appropriations bill under the cover of night before the end of the year, but set that aside. The same committee and their House brethren are practically forcing ISPs to implement filtering, on penalty of repeal of the DMCA safe harbors, but look elsewhere.
Instead, let's talk about how little respect OTHER COUNTRIES have for press freedom. After all, none of those other countries are the freest, fairest, most just-est countries in history! That title is all ours, baby!
The implicit assumption here is that, as long as Big Brother doesn't see the content of the messages, there's nothing to worry about. Of course that's total bullocks. The AOL search data scandal of 2006 shows that one's search history alone can reveal far, far more about a person than an unwarranted government search should be able to see. Amp that up to a list of every site visit, plus everyone I email, call, or text, and this represents the government demanding the right to dig very deep into Brits' communication.
I hope Britons go ballistic in opposition to this proposal.
I agree with jellomizer; most users won't hit their caps in a given period in the near term. We just switched from T-Mobile to VZ (I've gone from zero to 4 bars in parts of my building at work), but we seriously considered AT&T--which was off the table until they switched to cheaper but limited data. Price matters. My wife would be fine on 200 MB/mo, and with a little restraint I would be, too. I'd be comfortable with the 2 GB cap as much as 3-5 years out.
I think most consumers can rest assured that they won't outgrow these caps over the course of a 2-year contract, but this trend highlights the broader problem that spectrum is scarce and getting tighter. (I'm not an engineer, but my understanding is that AT&T can't possibly build enough towers under current constraints to fully service lower Manhattan on a Saturday night.) What happens when this year's 1 GHz Snapdragon processor seems like your old 486? Consumer demand for mobile bandwidth is going to keep growing exponentially.
If the mobile carriers don't increase caps at a corresponding (albeit halting) rate, they'll get some dissatisfied customers. The only solution is going to be more spectrum. I hope the unregulated TV white spaces ruling yesterday (yippee!!!) is just part of a continuing trend of freeing spectrum for IP-based (rather than dumb radio) uses, but at this rate, the mobile wireless industry is going to be hungry for more auctioned space soon.
I generally think telco lobbyists cry wolf at policymakers' doors all the time, but in this case, I think they're right.
While I love Wired, Public Knowledge actually broke this story. The Wired blogger even credits Art Brodsky for the tip. The original blog post, with the MP3 (to which Wired hotlinked), is available here: Stevens on Network Neutrality. Maybe this detail got lost in the tubes, which are all stopped up with video.
Slashdot Mirror
Yes, second this request.
Whoa whoa whoa, folks! When I posted this story, I certainly didn't intend to spark a discussion of various means of violating 17 USC 1201(a). I expect you all to (a) call your lawyers, and (b) consult your nearest spiritual adviser for immediate legal and moral correction. (In all seriousness, thanks to Unknown Lamer for crediting me with the link to freecode. It's a way more diverse and cross-platform list of rippers than I would have included. I just figured that nobody needed my help.) Also, don't forget to tune in to hear the results from the triennial DMCA exemption proceedings, as administered by the Copyright Office. As PK notes in their post, they've filed for an exemption to make it legal when end users rip DVDs for personal use. While the process has been better in recent rounds, don't hold your breath. When Oscar Gandy and I did an analysis of the first two rounds, we condemned the process as a Kafka-esque exercise (pdf) administered by a captured agency. (OK, that's enough of a self-promotional victory lap.)
The copyright fundamentalists should have taken the OPEN Act (which itself still needs some tweaks; see the EFF write-up) and called it a day. It really says something that the voices for fair use—Ron Wyden, Zoe Lofgren, Jared Polis, etc.—were the ones introducing a bill to create a mechanism to starve allegedly infringing sites of funding.
Previous legislative processes, e.g. the development of the ideas that became the anticircumvention proceedings in the DMCA, showed at least some willingness to compromise and listen to critical input—hardly done in a good-faith effort to craft good legislation for the 21st Century, but at least willing to hold multiple hearings and actually hear from all of the critics. That at a time when there weren't nearly as many critics!
This time around, the copyright zealots and their allies in Congress decided on a fingers-in-the-ears, ram-it-through-ASAP strategy. That is, until January 18. Now, suddenly, they're claiming that the tech industry and civil society groups need to be more willing to sit down and talk. This while Chris Dodd won't even make time for lunch with Gary Shapiro—the head of the Consumer Electronics Association, not exactly Richard f'ing Stallman.
The gall these folks have shown in the last two years, the pure nerve, is amazing—even in the context of the copyright debate for the previous 25+ years, a time when they've some real chutzpah.
I don't even think they were trying the door-in-the-face technique. Their ideas really are just that crazy! The **AAs are such fundamentalists in their beliefs they make Rick Santorum look like a flip-flopper. If their goal was to get something more reasonable through, e.g. the OPEN Act, they would have jumped on it between the first day of action (November), which itself drew a million people to contact Congress, and the second (January).
Don't be shocked if this follows the pattern laid out in the case of the WIPO anticircumvention treaty. It did not require anything nearly as strong as the DMCA, but the content industry kept waiving it in congressional faces, demanding that we pass something far too draconian to be justified by the treaty we had actually signed. In principle, this is set up to be in line with extant US law, thus not requiring a full Senate confirmation, but I wouldn't be shocked if (a) the content industries rammed down much stronger interpretations down other countries' throats, and (b) they then came back to the US and demanded that we "harmonize" with these stronger interpretations.
This is a much, much more thoughtful response. Thanks! Sorry I called you a jerk, glad you apologized. (Travel has a significant crankiness effect, even when controlling for other variables, though effect size depends on the scale used.) You're clearly a thoughtful researcher.
I don't have time at the moment to read the articles or write an extended response, but I'll try to do so and reply here. Also, please do look me up (Bill Herman, pleasure to curse you out online) and send me a private email. I'd like to see your CV.
One note, though, that made lead the 3.5 people still reading at this point astray: You and I both know the peer review process is double blind. The authors don't know who reviewed the manuscript, and in principle the reviewers don't know who authored the paper. Thus, Anderson and company don't have an obvious benefit from being established authorities in the field--however that field is defined. (I assume you mean that reviewers often recognize famous authors' work and that does shape their evaluations. This can happen, but it's less common than one might think. Further, if I think your work is bullocks, my anonymity allows me to say so without repercussions, which I've done repeatedly--although I try to be polite about it. That most of their peers think it's sound research says they're doing at least a respectable job.)
Having served on both ends of that process, I know for a fact that most journal editors try to find reviewers who are experts in a paper's subject as well as its methods. If I were editing a journal and got any of these papers, I'd look for an expert on game effects to read it--and one not closely associated with the author(s). As you note, there aren't a lot of people who are gamers and media effects researchers, which definitely limits the pool, but every editor who's assigned reviewers has almost certainly tried hard to find them all. Are you an untapped resource here? If so, start publishing--even a more formalized version of what you're saying here is a good start.
Thank you for the cites. I'll look into them at some point. Hopefully you will have been in touch by then.
I forgot to mention: really and truly, I have no dog in this fight--and I'd happily relinquish the dissonance that comes with being anti-censorship despite my belief that violent media lead to real violence. Thus, I'm willing to be wrong here (or at least concede that there's a valid contrast between credible scientific studies), but you have to prove it with sound evidence, not resort to nitpicking.
OK, I've been stuck in a crap airport for 8 hours because of a cancelled flight by a crap airline (airport and airline needing not to be specified), and I'm not even capable of being polite or coherent right now. But let's start with the foul language I'm keeping to myself but which you totally, totally deserve. Because you baited me (with, by your own admission, a trollishly innocent-sounding question), I wasted an hour I should have spent doing work on my own research or teaching prep--or just reading or relaxing. What you just did was 100% awful and shameful.
Before I even think of responding, though, I'll put the burden on you. Produce a cite to a sound meta-analysis--that isn't by one of the hacks Huessman & Taylor diss and that uses sound meta-analytic methods--and comes to the opposite conclusion. You do research in this area? Great! Post some and let me tear it apart. Don't hide behind a bunch of two-sentence attacks on established research. (If this is all such obviously flawed work, why do the best journals keep accepting it?)
I have more to say here (note how I'm not trolling you, jerk), but until you make more constructive contributions to this discussion, I'll hold off. Until then, put up or shut up.
Glad you read the chapter!
By video game tech standards, it's pretty dated (2003), and they suspect that's part of the limited effect size. Looking for violence effects from games that involve killing the grey blob with your blue blob (a not-too-uncharitable description of 8-bit gaming) created a lot of earlier studies with a more limited effect size. It's less obviously relevant to real life than film or TV footage of real people committing much more realistic-looking violence. That's NOT the same thing as finding no effect--just a diminished effect. They provide citations to the best, most relevant lit to that point.
I'm not a violence effects researcher specifically (though I did my PhD at a school where everyone learns a lot about this work, and I’ve done a good bit of reading since then), so I'm not sure how estimates of effect size have changed over time. That said, the quality research in the last decade has only cemented findings of a causal effect with real-world significance. The experiments continue to provide further evidence of a causal link, and the correlational and longitudinal studies continue to find that these effects take place in the real worldnot just in laboratories.
Here is a not-necessarily-definitive list of a few more recent studies that are video game specific and come to the same conclusions:
1. Anderson, C. A., Gentile, D. A., & Buckley, K. E. (2007). Violent video game effects on children and adolescents. New York: Oxford University Press.
Obviously, buying or borrowing and reading a whole book is overkill. This contains a shortened version of the same findings:
2. Video Game EffectsConfirmed, Suspected, and Speculative: A Review of the Evidence
Bartlett, Anderson, & Spring (2008), Simulation & Gaming 42(1).
http://sag.sagepub.com/content/40/3/377.abstract
Here’s a relevant quote:
3. Longitudinal Effects of Violent Video Games on Aggression in Japan and the United States
Anderson et al. (2008), Pediatrics 122(5). [Speaking of publication quality, the 2009 ISI citation analysis ranked Pediatrics as the 3rd most-cited of the 94 included journals in the pediatrics category.]
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/abstract/122/5/e1067
This is a longitudinal study of both US and Japanese youth. A significant result was found in these real-world conditions (for those of you who would dismiss experimental studies as failing to establish results that matter in the real world).
4.Correlates and Consequences of Exposure to Video Game Violence: Hostile Personality, Empathy, and Aggressive Behavior
Bartholow, Sestir, & Davis (2005), Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 31 (11).
http://psp.sagepub.com/content/
I know /. is pro-game and anti-censorship. SO AM I. That said, I'm really disappointed by the proliferation of anti-scientific misunderstandings propagated by the OP and commenters. (For instance: OP needs to RTFA. The study measures both quantity AND quality.) As a media studies scholar, I've studied the evidence, and there really is a statistically significant correlation (which DOES NOT equal an effect 100% of the time or anywhere near that often) between consuming violent media and engaging in real-world violence.
I'd say more, but these folks do a MUCH better job:
http://www.rcgd.isr.umich.edu/aggr/articles/Huesmann/2003.Huesmann&Taylor.Case%20against%20thecase%20againstmedia%20viol.inGentile.pdf
Read this chapter, read some more of the evidence, then share your thoughts based on the actual data. Don't oppose scientific findings based on policy preferences.
Wrong dept. More like, "From the who-needs-online-freedom-when-we-have-Sen.-Lieberman dept." or the "these-are-not-the-censorship-droids-you're-looking-for dept."
Apparently it's now illegal to do things online with which Sen. Droopy Dog disagrees, but never you mind that. Our immigrations department has become a rogue IP cop, declaring themselves judge, jury, and online executioner to dozens of websites, but don't worry about that. Our Senate Judiciary Committee just unanimously voted to give the same process a slightly more legal sheen, disregarding an open letter from virtually every major figure in the history of the internet, and it's going to be tucked into an appropriations bill under the cover of night before the end of the year, but set that aside. The same committee and their House brethren are practically forcing ISPs to implement filtering, on penalty of repeal of the DMCA safe harbors, but look elsewhere.
Instead, let's talk about how little respect OTHER COUNTRIES have for press freedom. After all, none of those other countries are the freest, fairest, most just-est countries in history! That title is all ours, baby!
The implicit assumption here is that, as long as Big Brother doesn't see the content of the messages, there's nothing to worry about. Of course that's total bullocks. The AOL search data scandal of 2006 shows that one's search history alone can reveal far, far more about a person than an unwarranted government search should be able to see. Amp that up to a list of every site visit, plus everyone I email, call, or text, and this represents the government demanding the right to dig very deep into Brits' communication.
I hope Britons go ballistic in opposition to this proposal.
I love how this gets moderated as "Insightful" rather than "Funny."
I agree with jellomizer; most users won't hit their caps in a given period in the near term. We just switched from T-Mobile to VZ (I've gone from zero to 4 bars in parts of my building at work), but we seriously considered AT&T--which was off the table until they switched to cheaper but limited data. Price matters. My wife would be fine on 200 MB/mo, and with a little restraint I would be, too. I'd be comfortable with the 2 GB cap as much as 3-5 years out.
I think most consumers can rest assured that they won't outgrow these caps over the course of a 2-year contract, but this trend highlights the broader problem that spectrum is scarce and getting tighter. (I'm not an engineer, but my understanding is that AT&T can't possibly build enough towers under current constraints to fully service lower Manhattan on a Saturday night.) What happens when this year's 1 GHz Snapdragon processor seems like your old 486? Consumer demand for mobile bandwidth is going to keep growing exponentially.
If the mobile carriers don't increase caps at a corresponding (albeit halting) rate, they'll get some dissatisfied customers. The only solution is going to be more spectrum. I hope the unregulated TV white spaces ruling yesterday (yippee!!!) is just part of a continuing trend of freeing spectrum for IP-based (rather than dumb radio) uses, but at this rate, the mobile wireless industry is going to be hungry for more auctioned space soon.
I generally think telco lobbyists cry wolf at policymakers' doors all the time, but in this case, I think they're right.
While I love Wired, Public Knowledge actually broke this story. The Wired blogger even credits Art Brodsky for the tip. The original blog post, with the MP3 (to which Wired hotlinked), is available here: Stevens on Network Neutrality. Maybe this detail got lost in the tubes, which are all stopped up with video.
Anyway, do listen to the MP3! It's very funny.
(Full disclosure: I'm a PK intern this summer.)