Slashdot Mirror
Homemade Gauss Gun
bonzoesc writes: "I'm sure we all remember getting owned by some railgun-wielding kid in Quake2. Ever wanted a way to get back? Enter the Homemade Gauss Rifle. Requires wooden ruler with groove down the middle to serve as the rail, steel balls that can roll down the groove to use as projectiles, and magnets to store and redirect energy. Physics is fun!"
I knew this would happen. First you had Physics for Game Developers Now you have Game Weapons for Physicists.
Sigh, what's next, perpetual motion?
(At least this isn't a homemade BFG -- I'd be really scared then)
Eh.. i'm disappointed. I initially misread that as "degauss rifle"..
After discovering in computer labs that hitting the "deguass" button on a monitor will cause the monitors nearby to trip out very slightly for an instant, i had these vague daydreams of rewiring whatever it is in the monitor that makes it deguass to be unreasonably strong, so that hitting "deguass" would cause the monitors of all the computers in the lab or whatever else is in a 40-foot radius to be degaussed at once, Matrix EMP-blast style. This would probably break stuff, but then that's the point, i suppose.
I dunno.. i guess having instructions on how to build a mini-rail-gun really is much cooler, but still, i wonder if the guass-blast idea is possible.. and if it were, modifying the idea to create a gun you could stick at a monitor and pull the trigger to deguass it would be really funny. Alas, there's no practical use for such a thing as far as i can tell, and it isn't really *that* interesting, so i don't really care enough to do any research on the subject, so for now, it looks like i'm going to have to limit myself to putting an electric pencil sharpener next to the monitor, sticking in pencils, and giggling.
Irritable, left-wing and possibly humorous bumper stickers and t-shirts
. . . about 'Gauss Guns' can be found here
Your hair look like poop, Bob! - Wanker.
you didn't just give a bunch of undersexed, over hormonal, arrogant teenagers instructions on how to build a DANGEROUS WEAPON, now, did you?
-ugh-
:)
THE RESPONSIBLE WAY TO SOLVE THIS PROBLEM:
Dear Web Administrator:
The editors at Slashdot.com are about to link to your site. With your permission, we will make a site mirror available at no charge to you. This mirror will be available for the next 5 days, and will be linked from our article, sparing you thousands of simultaneous connections which might bring your puny server to a halt. By the way, we can afford to do this, because we are now charging for ad-free page views, didn't you hear?
Please contact us by [date] and let us know if we may mirror your site. If not, the story will be published on [date] and your site may experience the "Slashdot Effect."
Strictly speaking, this is not a gauss gun. A real gauss gun would use the Lentz (sp?) effect or something similar to accelerate the ball down the rails; this weapon, however, is built entirely out of plain old permanent magnets and kinetic energy. Actually, I suppose that maglev trains could be considered as gigantic gauss guns also, though they do not use the Lentz effect.
>|<*:=
Here's a coil gun I found on google.
Instead of using fixed magnets to release the energy of the balls hitting each magnet in sccuession, this coil gun uses a series of timed pulses to accellerate the projectile down the length of a tube. That's a block of concrete in the photo, and I think the black spike in the top left corner is the projectile.
http://www.resonanceresearch.com/prod06.htm
Instructions to build a gun that shoots a magnet at 2KM/second. Yes you read correctly. Get a 3 meter long pipe made of pure iron. Coil 400km of thin copper wire around it. Buy a cylindrical magnet, the strongest you can get, that fits inside the pipe. Buy the fattest AC/DC converter around (or build it yourself...) and plug it in a 5000 Volt power supply (think neighbourhood electrical supply). Connect this to the 2 ends of the wires around the pipe.
Oh ya, make sure it's pointing the right way around.
My physics teacher did this while he was in university. They shot a concrete wall 2 feet thick and the magnet went through. The velocity was 2KM/s.
Imperium et libertas
Autocracy and freedom
When I read the title, I couldn't help thinking about burned spot in one of my old dorm's carpeting. A classmate of mine build a small rail gun using electromagnets, unfortunately during a test the coils melted, which left a very interesting splotch of solidified metal and burnt carpet.
"Nice little website ya have here. Be a shame if it got slashdotted, ya know?"
Chris Mattern
I've spotted multiple errors in this person's page. It looks like he was cribbing notes from a more informed paper.
Problems I've found:
The authour claims that coilgun coils attract the projectiles. This is not correct. They work by repulson (by Lenz's Law, the induced field in the conducting slug repels the coil's field).
The authour does handwaving towards the 3-body problem to support his claim that you can't figure out what the best configuration of a coilgun is. These are completely unrelated problems. The 3-body problem is hard because the system a) has no general closed-form solution and b) is chaotic, so you can't even approximate a closed-form solution for many configurations.
A coilgun, on the other hand, just has more variables than you need. You don't have one optimal coilgun - you have an infinite number of optimal coilguns. Pick some of your parameters to be convenient, and solve for the others.
It's not hard to calculate how strong the induced field will be in a coilgun, or the force transferred to the projectile. It's also not hard to calculate how a capacitor-driven system will behave (hint: consider the coil's inductance with and without the slug inside it, and you can figure out how the energy transfer works).
If you're building a tabletop coilgun, you don't have to worry about energy storage. Just get a good DC supply, set up the coils in parallel with capacitors to get a nice LC tank circuit, and set up a transistor on each coil driven off an extra turn of the coil (or a secondary coil) just as you'd set up an RF signal generator. You're going to put at most a few hundred joules into your projectile (and that's if you're heaving aluminum pipe segments across the street). Exotic solutions are only needed if you're trying to shell a neighbouring city.
As driving frequency goes up (or pulse length shortens), inductive effects become important. This is how a real coilgun works - it's driven by inductive repulsion of a conducting slug. If you have an iron slug, a) attractive and repulsive forces will fight each other (or you can think of it as induced currents shielding the slug from your applied magnetic field).
Magnetic slugs only work for tabletop devices with slow firing speeds.
He's using a metal pipe as a guide for the projectile. A closed pipe would shield the inside of the tube just as a conducting projectile shields itself. He cuts a slot through the length of the pipe to avoid this, but you still have very high induced voltages around the pipe. A coilgun that switches at any decent speed with a strong magnetic field will induce currents that arc across this gap.
If you want a projectile guide, use rails.
If you want an elegant solution, let the slug move through open air and use secondary coils to adjust the geometry of the magnetic field as the projectile passes through to nudge it back into line if you notice it drifting. But this is not trivial to implement.
Back in high-school for Honors/Advanced Physics I took it upon myself to build a rail-gun, you know - something that could be cool (everyone in high-school thought Quake/Doom was the shiz) and somewhat useful (provided you needed to drive a projectile at 2 to 3 km/sec). The other students were building oh I don't know weird tinker-toys like reverse-osmosis water filtration and a electrolysis something-or-other (a guy the semester before built a tesla-coil using IBC root-beer bottles as capacitors - turned out he had wayyy more capacitance than needed and not enough current) but I wanted to make something that blew stuff up.
:) So a couple hundred dollars later and I have some copper rails fixed to a base (some wood ;)), a whole lot of 2ga. wire (friend's dad worked for the electric company), and some .9F of capacitors hooked up to provide the juice.
.9F of capacitance (after working out the numbers) proved to be far too few amps to do anything but make a whole lot of sparks. Actually I managed to vaporize some of the smaller projectiles with only a small scrap of what was left pitifully dribbled out of the end of the gun. In any rate, after researching further, I found some 5 and 10F capacitors which would've done the job nicely could I have afforded the several thousand dollars it required to buy one.
:)
So I went to work assembling materials for the gun.. I didn't worry about the math behind why rail guns worked, all I knew is that it did plenty of damage in Quake.
Two things I learned:
1) You need a fuckton of capacitance to really achieve massive current (talking hundreds of thousands of Amps needed)
2) You also need an electronic switch instead of a mechanical switch so you don't lose said Amps to welding the switch to itself.
So I guess the moral of the story is if you don't have $10M in defense contracts you're not going to get a good rail-gun built since it requires MASSIVE amperage to create a plasma to launch your armature out of the weapon. And Capacitors are not tiny objects, so the likelihood of a 'Eraser'-style railgun are slim to none unless someone magically comes up with a much more compact and higher-capacity capacitor (which can still discharge at 1/1000th or better of a second).
The problem with a coil gun is that you need massive voltage plus some sizeable amps, which is generally very hard to come by. Your local mains circuit won't provide enough voltage. Although you could push it through a transformer you would need a very large and bulky one, and then you still probably would wind up with not enough amps to do the job. Most capacitors work at low enough voltages that a commodity (e.g. plugs into your regular wall socket) transformer could easily provide it, but achieving enough capacitance is both cost and size prohibitive (ignoring the rail mass loss due to vaporization).
Stupid Quake.
Thanks,
--
Matt
If you want to know how to build a REAL railgun, try this. Admittedly, its a bit harder to build.