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Star Charts From A Strange Book From The Past

serutan writes: "Today there is a really unusual Astronomy Picture of the Day that talks about a centuries-old book, written in an unknown language that is undeciphered to this date. The 265-page book, with its curly script and weird illustrations, reminds me a lot of a bizarre modern book called the Codex Seraphinus, but for real. Any crypto experts care to take a whack at this?" Update: The image was transitioned and the entry can be found Here - cd

43 of 89 comments (clear)

  1. Very interesting by Trane+Francks · · Score: 2, Interesting

    It seems to me that analyzing the script used to write the text would be well suited to a distributed computing architecture. It's great to be doing setiathome, but how about cracking the cipher? I'd love to know what this is all about. It could be very illuminating.

    --
    ...a FreeDOS contributor: http://www.freedos.org/
    1. Re:Very interesting by RevAaron · · Score: 2

      Before we could "crack" it, we'd need to know certain things in order to write an algorithm that would run on this distributed computing architecture of yours. if we knew these things, it's likely we'd already have a few machines, or a room full of them, plugging away at this. unfortunately, it's not like it is in the Star Trek- we can't just hold a few pages up to the camera and have the universal translator work on it for us. :)

      --

      Working toward a usable PDA environment in the spirit of Newton OS: Dynapad
  2. gotta love... by Morphine007 · · Score: 4, Interesting

    ...this quote:

    During World War II some of the top military code-breakers in America tried to decipher it, but failed. A professor at the University of Pennsylvania seems to have gone insane trying to figure it out.
    1. Re:gotta love... by GuyMannDude · · Score: 2

      During World War II some of the top military code-breakers in America tried to decipher it, but failed.

      Funny, I would have thought those guys had more pressing matters to attend to during that period of time. Maybe they worked on it during their lunch breaks.

      A professor at the University of Pennsylvania seems to have gone insane trying to figure it out.

      Just think about this dude's wife! She must have gone super-bonkers living with him!

      Ah, the fine line between madness and genius...

      GMD

    2. Re:gotta love... by jayhawk88 · · Score: 3, Funny

      Funny, I would have thought those guys had more pressing matters to attend to during that period of time.

      Well, the reasoning probably was, "If we break this code, we could potentially use it or a derivative of it as our own code."

  3. Re:What? No takers? by SuperguyA1 · · Score: 2

    Your average slashdotter is probably above average.

    --
    "as plurdled gabbleblotchits on a lurgid bee" - Prostetnic Vogon Jeltz. (One man's humorous is another mans flamebait)
  4. Centuries old? by devphil · · Score: 5, Funny
    written in an unknown language that is undeciphered to this date. The 265-page book, with its curly script and weird illustrations

    Wow. They have been working on Perl 6 for a long time.

    --
    You cannot apply a technological solution to a sociological problem. (Edwards' Law)
  5. If HP Lovecraft has taught us ANYTHING by immanis · · Score: 5, Funny

    It's that strange books in dead languages with lots of Astronomy illustrations are best left UNDECIPHERED!

    I can see it, three weeks from now, a new article:

    Well Meaning Hackers Awaken The Great Cthulhu

  6. Just how odd is this ? by Raiford · · Score: 2, Interesting
    I don't anything about ancient languages or texts but it would seem pretty odd that something written in the 15th century would be of a complete unknown origin to all the scholars of the world. How many other examples of undecipherable ancient texts are there out there somewhere ??? Anyone have an idea ?

    --
    "player 4 hit player 1 with 0 stroms"
  7. It is not so strange... by Dancing+Tree · · Score: 3, Insightful

    ...that no one has deciphered it yet if it is not in any language but is in someone's own personal code (which would then have to be deciphered into whatever their language was, living or dead, and then translated). What if the person who coded it couldn't spell? What if the book is a decoy or ruse written by someone to draw attention away from a truly important book that they possessed? Maybe it was made up by some shyster and sold to an unsuspecting scholar or emperor as a "lost" treatise on the stars that tells all if only *you* can figure it out. You don't need to know how to spell or even write to make up a book like that (in fact it probably helps if you can't do any of those things!) This doesn't mean that it isn't from the 15th century. There were just as many con artists then (if not more) as there are now.

    --
    :::Horrendous Experiences Make Amusing Anecdotes:::
    1. Re:It is not so strange... by gadfium · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Yes, it almost certainly was written by someone in their own private language. The alternative is to assume that it was written by aliens, or something like that.

      The analyses of the text show that it seem to indicate that it is a real language, not just gibberish, since there is a detectable grammar (just not one we know) and vocabulary. There are more different words than one might expect from the languages of the time.

      I'd be surprised if there weren't at least a few spelling mistakes, since it was after all handwritten. The writing isn't always very readable either, but other than the language being unknown, it isn't deliberately encrypted.

      It seems unlikely to be a hoax, there's far too much work gone into it. It's probably the work of some unknown genius (or idiot savant).

      If we could translate it, it might have fascinating insights into the world of the time, novel mathematical and scientific ideas, or it might just contain his/her daily record of bowel movements.

      New Scientist had a feature on it a few months ago.

  8. IANAL(inguist), but... by J'raxis · · Score: 4, Funny

    "It is written in a language of which no other example is known to exist. It is an alphabetic script, but of an alphabet variously reckoned to have from nineteen to twenty-eight letters, none of which bear any relationship to any English or European letter system."

    The alphabet looks rather obviously European-based. First off, much of what I can make out, looks vaguely reminiscent of letters like g, d, m, n, w, and a.

    Secondly, that 3-like character near the end of the first line that sticks out like a sore thumb. Around the time this book was written, that character was a part of many northern European languages, including old English. I believe it stood for a /th/ sound, although I may be confusing that with the eth and thorn characters (other archaic northern European characters which still survive in Icelandic and a few other places).

    The very first character (which you can see in several places throughout) also caught my eye. It looks like a slightly-modified version of the "feature key" you see on Apple keyboards, which is a symbol of Viking origin.

    1. Re:IANAL(inguist), but... by catsidhe · · Score: 5, Informative
      I have some little knowledge of the Voynich Manuscript, and I must make some points:

      • The letters have no relation with any script, from anywhere at any time, let alone any roman or cyrillic hand. Any similarities are the result of it being written with the same sort of pen as was used to write the European scripts, and the constraints a dipped nib pen puts on the pen movements you can make on the writing surface.
      • The '3' character in roman scripts was a shorthand character, what is sometimes called a Tirolean notation. It has several meanings depending on context. eg., '-b3' == '-bus', '-q3' == '-que'. (ref. Cappelli, Adriano; The elements of abbreviation in medieval Latin paleography, Trans. D. Heimann and R. Kay, pp18ff)
      • The letters for thorn ( ) and eth (ð ) do indeed stand for the /th/ sound in 'cloth' and 'clothe'.
      • At the time the Voynich Manuscript was written, William Shakespeare was alive and writing plays. Old English had not been spoken for five hundred years.
      • The first character which you saw is one of several 'flag' characters. They are found in several forms, but are consistent throughout the manuscript, with varying degrees of ornamentation. There does not appear to be any connection with the 'command' or 'propellor' symbol.
      • The varying number of letters in the Voynich alphabet is a result of not knowing which symbols are graphemes and which are contractions. It is also unknown (but considered unlikely) if there is an 'Upper Case'. The equivalent would be not knowing that there is no meaningful difference between the symbols 'r' and 'R', but that there is a difference between 'R' and 'P'.
      --
      "This is a Hollywood movie: when it comes to the Laws of Physics, they're lucky if they get Gravity!" --- my wife
    2. Re:IANAL(inguist), but... by catsidhe · · Score: 2
      This is even more difficult, because we don't even know what is a letter, and what are collection of letters.

      eg: given your cipher (which is handwritten, BTW), we find a letter which looks like '#'. That could be a meaningful grapheme in its own right. It could be a contraction of 'tt'. It could be a part of the preceeding or following letter, and have no meaning seperately.

      Your theory that this is a cypher written in a natural language with phonetic spelling is one which others have already thought of. It is very plausible, especially given that there seem to be two 'dialects' in the Voynich manuscript. Two people's ideas of phonetic, perhaps? That doesn't make the decryption any easier though. There are several questions which must be answered first, such as
      • What was the original natural language?
      • What dialect did the Voynich author speak?
      • What was his accent? and of course,
      • What grapheme--phoneme relationship is there?????
      --
      "This is a Hollywood movie: when it comes to the Laws of Physics, they're lucky if they get Gravity!" --- my wife
  9. I'll give it a shot. by infornogr · · Score: 2, Funny

    I would be interested in trying to decipher this. Anynone know where I can find some more pages (or the whole book)?

    1. Re:I'll give it a shot. by funky+womble · · Score: 2

      Click on the hyperlinked word 'volume'.

  10. Stupid Alias Quote: "It's a Rambaldi Document!" by jmoo · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Actually quite intresting. I did a bit of searching:

    Pictures of The Voynich Manuscript

    Seems a running theroy is this man Roger Bacon may have written the book.

    -You must not change the past! Don't do anything that effects anything. Unless you were suppose too, then for the love of God don't not do it.

    --
    The world isn't run by weapons anymore, or energy, or money. It's run by little ones and zeroes, little bits of data.
  11. SETI doesn't have a chance by dotslash · · Score: 4, Insightful

    This book has some interesting implications. If we can't decipher an annotated manuscript that is but a few hundred years removed from our time, how could we ever possibly hope to decipher a message form an alien race?

    1. Re:SETI doesn't have a chance by medcalf · · Score: 2

      I've always wondered about that. We sent records on Voyager for instance. Now, any society as advanced as ours is today would have to look at that and reason that and somehow determine that the disc is not merely art, that the grooves do not represent language per se, but instead encode some physical phenomenon, and that phenomenon is sound (let's hope they have some kind of pressure sensors which approximate hearing). What are the odds that anyone finding Voyager would be able to figure out the disc? What would we do with a broadcast from an alien race for a device we had never conceived?

      --
      -- Two men say they're Jesus. One of them must be wrong. - Dire Straits
    2. Re:SETI doesn't have a chance by J'raxis · · Score: 2, Insightful

      "I'd say that the Internet will create a new version of english"

      lolololololol u r rite!!!1 n that would b teh sux0r!!1!!11 >:p

    3. Re:SETI doesn't have a chance by Lars+T. · · Score: 2

      That's as silly as saying that if we can decipher a massage that was encoded so we couldn't read it, we could decipher anything including a message form an alien race.

      --

      Lars T.

      To the guy who modded me down from perfect to terrible Karma - Apple haters still suck

    4. Re:SETI doesn't have a chance by Yunzil · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The difference is, an alien race trying to communicate will deliberately try to make their message decipherable, whereas this manuscript might have been written in someone's personal code which was deliberately designed to be UNdecipherable.

  12. Re:What? No takers? by foobar104 · · Score: 2

    Your average slashdotter is probably above average.

    Pfeh. Anybody with a UID as low as yours ought to know better.

  13. Just old J.R.R. up to his old tricks by foobar104 · · Score: 4, Funny
    This looks an awful lot like tengwar to me. Has anybody done a rule-out for Tolkien involvement on this?

    ;-)

  14. Never read the books! by ApharmdB · · Score: 3, Funny

    That's one professor that never learned his lesson during his gaming sessions of Call of Cthulu.

  15. How about... by C0LDFusion · · Score: 2, Insightful

    ...the idea it could've been written by a Autistic Savant? Back then, people who could instantaneously locate patterns and translate languages without even realizing it was looked at as a form of genius, despite the other effects Autism would have.

    I'm thinking it could just as easily be a numerical star chart done in a base-8 or base-16 numbering system, which would throw off most regular attempts to decrypt it, especially if they're looking for words, rather than numbers.

    --
    Only in slashdot are posts of solidarity modded at -1 Redundant, while posts of antagonism are modded as -1 Flamebait.
  16. Re:What? No takers? by KnightStalker · · Score: 2

    I reckon the average mindless slashdot addict is definitely an above average asshole.

    --
    * And remember, it's spelled N-e-t-s-c-a-p-e, but it's pronounced "Mozilla."
  17. My wife examined the actual Voynich Manuscript by Allen+Varney · · Score: 4, Interesting

    In 1998 my wife visited the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale in New Haven, Connecticut, specifically to look at the Voynich Manuscript. She only got to see it for 20 minutes or so (the library was about to close), and needless to say she didn't crack the mystery. She did observe that some of the letters look like Arabic, and some of the plant illustrations reminded her of medieval herbals (books about herbs). She speculates that the author intended it as a spellbook to summon female spirits. It was a highly intriguing, frustrating, and very cool experience.

    1. Re:My wife examined the actual Voynich Manuscript by RevAaron · · Score: 2

      Why female spirits specifically? I would see it as a pretty good possibility that it may have been some old grimore- they often have stuff about stars, constellations, &c, but one specifically for female spirits?

      --

      Working toward a usable PDA environment in the spirit of Newton OS: Dynapad
    2. Re:My wife examined the actual Voynich Manuscript by Schwarzchild · · Score: 2
      My guess is that since the manuscript was sold to the Emperor Rudolph who was very interested in weird wacky stuff that it probably was made to be sold to him. In other words, it probably is a bunch of gibberish meant to look interesting.

      On the other hand, maybe it's a coded message from Roger Bacon on how to create free energy. ;)

      --

      "sweet dreams are made of this..."

    3. Re:My wife examined the actual Voynich Manuscript by Lars+T. · · Score: 2

      Because you summon a male spirit with booze and women, not with herbs and the stars.

      --

      Lars T.

      To the guy who modded me down from perfect to terrible Karma - Apple haters still suck

    4. Re:My wife examined the actual Voynich Manuscript by RevAaron · · Score: 2

      Having pictures of women doesn't seem like adequate support for the book being a grimore dedicated to evoking female spirits. Female and male aspects of the godhead are represented in many ways- it could be very well possible that women in bathtubs has nothing to do with female spirits, where the Moon would.

      guess we'll never know until more is known about the script!

      --

      Working toward a usable PDA environment in the spirit of Newton OS: Dynapad
    5. Re:My wife examined the actual Voynich Manuscript by Angry+Toad · · Score: 2

      it would have been worth anybody's while, if all they wanted to do was fill a book with meaningless gibberish

      Not too sure about this - he was scamming an Emperor after all. Doing a half-assed job could have landed him in prison or worse. I'm sure that a considerable effort was made by the scam artist in question to invent his own alphabet and then encode a number of random "mystical" tracts into it, fill the book up with "magical" images, and whatever other work was necessary to make it look "real" to the eye of a 15th century emperor.

  18. The Codebreakers by Ellen+Ripley · · Score: 3, Informative

    The Voynich Manuscript was discussed in David Kahn's 1967 grand history The Codebreakers. IMHO, this is an essential book; it gives historical scope to cryptographic activities in an era in which we must understand these issues.

    Ellen

  19. Online scans of the Voynich manuscript by sl956 · · Score: 3, Informative
    1. Re:Online scans of the Voynich manuscript by SpaceLifeForm · · Score: 2, Insightful
      Gee, it has pr0n also!
      Seriously, it appears to be related to a womans monthly cycle.

      The entire manuscript could relate to reproduction, survival, the seasons, etc.

      Could it be the user manual for Stonehenge or one of it's equivalents?

      --
      You are being MICROattacked, from various angles, in a SOFT manner.
    2. Re:Online scans of the Voynich manuscript by Cy+Guy · · Score: 2

      Please mod up parent. (Note that the link contains about 100 additional pages scanned at fairly high resolution, but of low quality photos. It also appears that the server is either very or has already been slashdotted.)

      By the way I have figured it out. Voynich ManuScript is abbreviated VMS and so clearly isn't meant to be decipherable by humans and is therefore an obvious hoax.

  20. Permanent link by wka · · Score: 2, Informative
    Since the APoD rolls over each day, the link in the story now points to the next day's Astronomy Picture of the Day.

    This is a permanent link to the APoD highlighting the Voynich Manuscript, for those reading the story after the rollover.

  21. Irish??? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

    If anything, the script looks vaguely like handwritten gaelic latinoid script (Think book of Kells), but much less ornamented, and more like "day-to-day" writing. This script diverged from latin script in the 0-400A.D. period, but evolved and persisted until the 20th century, when Irish was standardised into contemporary latin script.

    Irish dialects make extensive use "shebhus" and "urus" - aspirates and eclipses, indicated by accents in the old scripts - sebhus were usually dots above the letter, but could be diamonds, for example [modern script, just put a h in instead]. I note the presence of diamonds above some letters, and the apple-command-signs could conceivably be uru-forms?

    The Irish also have set precedents of inventing their own alphabets: In addition to their own latin variant, they had the ancient ogham script, which is just plain wierd, originally written along corners of rocks and cut wood by notching them. Some people think it's just a A.D.-era encoding of a latin script, but many Irish people think that it's much older, and that just because one finds latin and old-irish inscriptions in Ogham, doesn't mean it was first used for them, since one can quite conceivably phonetically transcribe english into cyrillic or greek or japanese, for example. Plus, ogham looks like random scratches on rocks to people who don't know about it, and plus, most ogham is beleived to have been written on wooden rods- "the poet's slats" in ancient irish literature, which would be long-decayed by now. "Modern" standard Ogham even has a unicode table entry :-)

    but all that's well known and would have been eliminated already, plus few of the words look particularly gaelic.

    However, there are little known, mainly lost, and very strange "secret" Irishoid languages - e.g. one called "Shelta" that is the language that some members of the "Traveller" / "Tinker" racially distinct population in Ireland once spoke. [the page I've linked to looks to be 7/10ths made-up, I'm afraid, but, being in Ireland, I can confirm that travellers did have their own secret language, that they jealously guarded.] Travellers/Tinkers were somewhat like Romany gypsies in other countries in lifestyle, but unrelated - maybe it's shelta-in-irish-latinate-like-script.

    Such people would have been mad into their own astrology, which would probably have the old irish constellations rather than known ones [It is known that there were old Irish traveller constellations, just not what they were :-)] - If one were an Irish tinker, inventing one's own script for your own mainly-illiterate community's language, it would probably end up looking like "hitherto-unknown-language-in-gaelic-like-script." .

    Shelta isn't the only "secret" Irish language - Medieval guilds in Irish and Scottish* cities often had their own entire languages to guard their secrets - The dublin stonemason's seems to have been a dialect of Shelta with viking influences, for example.

    *Ireland and scotland were pretty much the same until the tenth century - Confusingly, before the tenth century, someone saying "Scotia" probably meant Ireland.

  22. this guy was ahead of his time. by argStyopa · · Score: 3, Interesting

    from: http://www.crystalinks.com/voynich.html

    "Historically, it first appears in 1586 at the court of Rudolph II of Bohemia, who was one of the most eccentric European monarchs of that or any other period. Rudolph collected dwarfs and had a regiment of giants in his army. He was surrounded by astrologers, and he was fascinated by games and codes and music. He was typical of the occult-oriented, Protestant noblemen of this period and epitomized the liberated northern European prince. he was a patron of alchemy and supported the printing of alchemical literature.

    The Rosicrucian conspiracy was being quietly fomented during this same period. To Rudolph's court came an unknown person who sold this manuscript to the king for three hundred gold ducats, which, translated into modern monetary units, is about fourteen thousand dollars. This is an astonishing amount of money to have paid for a manuscript at that time, which indicated that the Emperor must have been highly impressed by it."

    Wow, if this guy had lived 400 years later he'd probably have founded a dot.com, run the stock up to million$, and then vanished.

    Let's see, gullible king with lots of money, known for being eccentric....
    I'm thinking we're wasting our time, and some departed spirit is laughing his ass off that we're trying to decipher something that was no more than an elaborate con.

    --
    -Styopa
    1. Re:this guy was ahead of his time. by babbage · · Score: 2

      Rosicrucians, eh? Heh. Ever read Umberto Eco's Foucault's Pendulum? Great book about all that nutty conspiracy stuff. Now that I've heard of this manuscript, I'd be surprised if it & the lore surrounding it weren't part of the source material Eco turned to while writing the novel...

    2. Re:this guy was ahead of his time. by Angry+Toad · · Score: 2

      And considerably more boring. I made it through F.P. by sheer bloodymindedness. The Name of the Rose it ain't.

  23. some chemical analysis of paper and ink is needed by Bob+Bitchen · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Maybe I missed it but they should start off
    by analyzing the inks used and the paper used.

    That should give them a great starting point.

    The analysis should include some form of dating.

    I was really surprised to hear of this manuscript
    and that it has not been deciphered.

    --
    http://tinyurl.com/3t236