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AMD Releases Barton: Athlon 3000+

Harle writes "Today AMD has introduced a new version of the Athlon, codenamed "Barton," that features twice as much L2 cache as previous chips. Along with the increase in L2 cache comes an increase in the Athlon's performance rating -- specifically the new 2.17 GHz chip is rated at 3000+. The clockrate is actually slighly lower than the Athlon XP 2800+'s 2.25 GHz speed, so the question becomes "Does the cache improve performance enough to counter the loss in clockspeed?" For the most part, the answer seems to be "yes," however, it doesn't unilaterally stand up to the 3.06 GHz Pentium 4. With the recent delay of the Athlon 64 to September, this is AMD's top desktop chip for some time to come. The reviews are starting to pop up at Ace's Hardware and Extremetech." There's also reviews on The Tech Report, SimHQ, HotHardware, EarthV, in Norwegian on Hardware.no, and last but not least AMD's press release. I'm sure there's many many more links, but I'm tired of pasting them all in here, so post 'em below. *grin*

41 of 281 comments (clear)

  1. Anandtech link by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

    so post 'em below..

    OK Then... Anandtech link

    1. Re:Anandtech link by zerocool^ · · Score: 5, Funny

      I can't wait until

      Tom's hardware comes out with

      A review so that I can swing

      By that website and check out all

      the new ads they have and see

      How many pages they've broken the

      review up into. I bet it's like

      12.

      --
      sig?
    2. Re:Anandtech link by minkwe · · Score: 3, Interesting

      This is much better. http://www.anandtech.com/printarticle.html?i=1783

      --
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  2. 640 kb on die cache by fobef · · Score: 5, Funny

    "This exclusive 512 KB L2-cache works together with the 128 KB L1-cache (64 KB data, 64 KB instruction) to form one impressive 640 KB on-die cache."

    Am I the only one who can see Bill Gates drooling over this?

    1. Re:640 kb on die cache by CTho9305 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      As the AC who replied to you said, on Athlons, the caches are exclusive. The data will be in only one at a given time, so it is really effectively 640k. On the Intel chips, the data in L1 is also in L2, so the total is exactly the same as just the L2 size.

    2. Re:640 kb on die cache by io333 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      A serious question: If I booted up vanilla DOS on this thing, would it pretty much all run inside of cache?

      That would be insanely fast.

  3. Hurry Up! by Snagle · · Score: 4, Insightful

    AMD better get there act together and get the Athlon 64 out in september or sooner. Intel is just kicking there ars right now and AMD has nothing to compete with that 3.06 ghz with multi-threading and whatnot. Dont get me wrong i dislike intel but unless AMD's next big thing is BIG, then they could be in for some trouble

    1. Re:Hurry Up! by FyRE666 · · Score: 5, Insightful

      I don't see how not selling a ridiculously overpriced CPU (the fastest P4) is going to damage them at all.

      The vast majority of people don't need the P4 3GHZ, and anyone with any sense would find the current "sweet spot" in the CPU vs price tables. AMD have Intel beat all the way up to the AMD max speed, so how is Intel "kicking there ars"?

      You could also say that Ferrari are kicking Ford's ass, since they make a faster car - it just doesn't work like that...

    2. Re:Hurry Up! by BrodieBruce · · Score: 3, Insightful
      The key to taking the crown in the microprocessor is to make sure people actually buy your cool, new box of transistors after you get them on the market.

      Just putting a 64-bit chip on the market doesn't mean that AMD will be on top. No stockholder cares about a 64-bit processor that no one buys (think itanium).

      Even after opterons are plentiful on the market, who do we know that will buy one? Sure, 90% of /. might be drooling over it. But how many of those people are actually in a position to replace their company's old Xeon servers with new 64-bit opteron servers?

      I know it's been said before, but cool processors don't always make investors rich. AMD has been worrying more about improving their company's image as a provider of die-hard, dependable chips . And rightly so (see /. article on opterons being used in new cray supercomputer).

      I've spent a good amount of time working in more than one IT department. And I've never had a manager make a buying decision based on /. posts. Fact is, when the s@*t goes down (aka server hardware fails), the IT manager doesn't want any chance for that failure to be due to parts that lack industry-wide acceptance.

      So despite all the "technobabble" that goes on (and I'm guilty of it too), it's important to think of how your non-technologist boss views a tech company and the products it puts out. I'm glad that AMD realizes this. I just hope AMD's /. fanbase comes to the same conclusion.

    3. Re:Hurry Up! by platipusrc · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Wow! I suppose that 4 dollar difference according to pricewatch between the 3000+ and the 3.06 means a lot to you.

      --
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    4. Re:Hurry Up! by NeoSkandranon · · Score: 3, Insightful

      and anyone with any sense would find the current "sweet spot" in the CPU vs price tables

      Problem with that being that most people buying computers dont have any sense, they buy what the salesdrone tells them.

      --
      If you can't see the value in jet powered ants you should turn in your nerd card. - Dunbal (464142)
    5. Re:Hurry Up! by 10Ghz · · Score: 4, Insightful
      The vast majority of people don't need the P4 3GHZ


      While RIGHT NOW we have limited use for such monster-CPU's, what about tomorrow? When I buy a computer, I don't look at what things I would be doing with it today, I would also think what I would be doing with it in the future. While 3+GHz might be overkill right now, is it overkill few years down the road?

      Sure, I could get a slower and cheaper CPU. But it would get obsolete sooner. If I buy faster CPU, it will be fast enough longer period of time (and as a bonus, I will enjoy the increased performance while the slower CPU would just be "fast enough". If I could shave some time off my compile-times or encoding-times, I'm all for it!).
      --
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    6. Re:Hurry Up! by Waffle+Iron · · Score: 3, Informative
      Nobody in business is going to buy an AMD chip, which is by definition an emulator

      All X86 CPUs are "emulators", regardless of who manufactures them. The real guts of a P4 look nothing at all like you would expect from the opcodes you feed into it. It's emulating that 25 year old architecture.

      Since AMD has been producing X86 CPUs since the days of the 8086, I would argue that they have just about as much experience in emulating X86 CPUs as intel does.

  4. worth it??? by tanveer1979 · · Score: 3, Interesting
    According to extremetech...
    There is 1.1 fps improvement for Jedi knight,
    and this comes at 200$+ Isnt it better to invest this money in a graphics card...

    Other benchmarks also dont show marked improvement. I guess this is due to delays introduced by the much larger die size...
    AMD's botched it for sure this time. I hope they bring down the pricing to a more sensible level.

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  5. Aussie Athlon? by CountZero007 · · Score: 5, Funny

    Yay, a processor code-named after our first Prime Minister :)

    I'm never buying a 'Keating' or 'Howard' though...

    --
    -- Shaun "Blessed are the geeks, for they shall Internet the earth"
  6. Mixing the cards... no wait: cores. by Max+Romantschuk · · Score: 4, Informative

    We've now got Palomino, Thoroughbread A, Thoroughbread B and Barton under the Athlon XP name. To make things worse, some of the chips are using a 133 MHz FSB (Front Side Bus), and some 166.

    Due to this and AMD's PR ratings you have to be real careful of what you buy, if you're aming for a specific core. Expecially since AMD doesn't plan to replace all Athlon XPs with the new core.

    Just remember to do your research, and you'll be fine :)

    --
    .: Max Romantschuk :: http://max.romantschuk.fi/
    1. Re:Mixing the cards... no wait: cores. by Luminous+Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

      Just remember to do your research, and you'll be fine.
      One can read the AMD Processor Recognition document which explains how to extract the information from the Ordering Part Number (OPN).

      AMD Processor Ordering Part Number (OPN) Breakdown

      AXDA 2700 D K V 3 D
      ^^^^ ^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
      -1-- -2-- 3 4 5 6 7

      (1) Processor Core Architecture/Brand Name
      (2) Model Number
      (3) Package Type
      (4) Operating Voltage(Nominal Core Voltage)
      (5) Maximum Die Temperature
      (6) Level 2 Cache Size
      (7) Maximum System-Bus (Front-Side-Bus) Speed

      (1) Processor Core Architecture/Brand Name

      (only Thoroughbred and Barton cores are 0.13 m)

      AXDA ----- AMD Athlon XP -- 0.13 m
      AX ------- AMD Athlon XP -- 0.18 m
      AMSN ----- AMD Athlon MP -- 0.13 m
      AMP/AHX -- AMD Athlon MP -- 0.18 m
      K7/A ----- AMD Athlon ----- 0.18 m


      (6) Level 2 Cache Size

      1 -- 64 KB
      2 -- 128 KB
      3 -- 256 KB
      4 -- 512 KB (only Barton cores have a 512 KB L2 cache)


      (7) Maximum System-Bus Speed

      B -- 200 MHz
      C -- 266 MHz
      D -- 333 MHz
  7. Linux? by Amsterdam+Vallon · · Score: 3, Troll

    Why are the real life bench-mark specs always just about very theoreticial things rather than real life software? The software, if they *do* decide to test it, is usally either a MCSFT or Novell application or some other Windows-only piece of code in which the interests of us Linux folks is surely unsatisifed.

    Therefore I really encourage these producers like AMD to start benchmarking Linux applications for their new procs. For example, run a %top instance and then run a few different programs: for example 1) a C++ app... 2) a JAVA app... 3) and perhaps a compile of the Linux kernel (2.2x series though, not 3.x).

    That would indicate a great deal of things including thruput and FSB calculations as well as hard disk access times in conjunction with a fast CPU.

    We want to no what we're getting here so don't give us QUAKE III marks, give us Linux benchmarks that reflect real life computer code!

    --

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  8. Re:Fakery by joebp · · Score: 3, Insightful

    the AMD marketing department should place a call over to Intel and ask to coordinate a marketing campaign explaining the irrelavency of clock speed
    Good point, except this will never happen. Intel have based their marketing around the clockspeed, and to go back on that would be distasterous for them.

    AMD have to pander to the 'OMG 3.2 Gigawats is better than 2.3Googawits!' idiocy.
  9. Re:Fakery by meringuoid · · Score: 4, Insightful
    This type of fakery only serves to deceive the consumer, instead of informing then. Instead of lying to the very people who pay their salary, the AMD marketing department should place a call over to Intel and ask to coordinate a marketing campaign explaining the irrelavency of clock speed and deciding a more appropriate way to base the performance of their chips.

    The people who care about the difference between AMDese and real megahertz, already know. Joe Public doesn't honestly care; an Athlon 2000 is a match for a Pentium IV 2000, and that's all that really matters. AMD aren't on the fiddle; they've been entirely fair with the ratings at which they market their chips (and the temptation to inflate a little would be considerable...)

    As for asking Intel nicely to help out AMD's marketing department, what colour is the sky where you live? The Pentium IV is designed to get big megahertz at the expense of actual performance; why would Intel throw away their chip's advantage like that?

    --
    Real Daleks don't climb stairs - they level the building.
  10. AMD may be too late for Hammer in Sept. by dethl · · Score: 3, Interesting

    IBM should have their Power970's out at least a month ahead...I don't remember where, but I heard they were going to release it in the 3rd Quarter of this year, presumably along with Apple's new release of a new (G5?) Power Macintosh, or XServe (just a rumor, don't flame me), although it may not go into full production until the end of the year. What about the Itanium 2? I haven't heard anything about that. Unless its not for desktops and only for servers. If that is the case, what is Intel coming out with to join the 64-bit desktop wars?

    --
    "Some fight for law. Some fight for justice. What will you fight for? One day, you will see."
  11. Comparing to the P4 3.06... by Junior+J.+Junior+III · · Score: 5, Funny

    however, it doesn't unilaterally stand up to the 3.06 GHz Pentium 4.

    Well, of course not... if it did, they'd be calling it the Athlon XP 3060, wouldn't they? ;)

    --
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  12. Out of curiosity by Timesprout · · Score: 5, Interesting

    From the article on Ace Harware

    This exclusive 512 KB L2-cache works together with the 128 KB L1-cache (64 KB data, 64 KB instruction) to form one impressive 640 KB on-die cache. According to AMD, the extra 256 KB cache boosts, an 2170 MHz Athlon XP from a 2700+ level to a 3000+ one.

    If this is the case why do AMD, and Intel for that matter not put ever larger amounts of cache on their existing chips to achieve better performance ? Does the cost implications completely prohibit this or do the performance benefits tail off too quickly. SUN seem to able to achieve impressive performance with lower far lower Mhz (I know its different architecture) but I get the impression the large amounts of cache (2-4 MB) they use contributes significantly to performance.

    --
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    1. Re:Out of curiosity by eddy · · Score: 3, Informative

      Too expensive, especially in terms of yields. The cache use a _large_ area of the die. Larger core, more room for defects.

      --
      Belief is the currency of delusion.
    2. Re:Out of curiosity by AeternitasXIII · · Score: 5, Informative

      Does the cost implications completely prohibit this or do the performance benefits tail off too quickly. SUN seem to able to achieve impressive performance with lower far lower Mhz (I know its different architecture) but I get the impression the large amounts of cache (2-4 MB) they use contributes significantly to performance.

      Yes, cache is terribly expensive to place on chips in large amounts. It tends to be much harder to shrink than the rest of the transistors on the chip, and the design work necessary to scale the cache to meet the ever shrinking die size is complex and harsh. Overall, with consumer chips that need to be under a certain price threshold to be purchased, Intel and AMD have both found its far cheaper to keep increasing clock speed while decreasing die size than it is to increase cache.

      My guess is that this latest move by AMD is an update to that mentality. It proceeds along their realization that they might be unable to compete solely on the grounds of clockspeed. However, with the decreasing performance returns for clockspeed increases, this is less of an issue for AMD than one would think. This new core seems to indicate its becoming cheaper for their engineers to spend more time on chip design as well as use the limited die space for cache rather than other components.

    3. Re:Out of curiosity by foobar3149 · · Score: 5, Informative

      The yield drops roughly quadratically with area of the chip. So, if the L2 cache occupies 50% of the chip and we want to double the cache size, the yield would drop to roughly 44% of the original yield. To make up for this the price would have to more than double and I do not believe that most people buying desktops are willing to accept that.

    4. Re:Out of curiosity by Sebastopol · · Score: 3, Interesting

      A-yup.

      That's one of the reasons AMD is losing hundreds of millions each quarter. They may have a 5% boost in perf from a fat cache, but they can only play that card once per architecture and it costs BUCKS to make it work. It's a stopgap measure AMD had to pull otherwise they'd have no product until spring, which would have been even more bad news for them. It's a sign AMD is flailing. Hopefully their new core will alleviate their suffering.

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  13. Benchmarking... by ponos · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Well it is quite clear that the Athlon
    architecture is at the end of its useful life.
    However,the performance difference is somewhat
    "exaggerated" in favour of the P4. Most of the
    "content creation" applications and games
    are SSE2 enhanced while, on the other hand
    3dnow is propably less popular. The hard fact,
    of course, is that P4 needs less time in these
    applications so it is faster (whatever the
    reason).

    However, for general purpose usage, I firmly
    believe that the Athlon is faster, mostly
    because everyday applications do not need
    huge memory bandwidth and cannot be made to
    run with SSE.

    I'm thinking that someone should start doing
    some "Open Source" benchmarks where the source
    is available. A good idea would be to run
    a set of:
    a) Kernel compile (or gcc compile or something
    like that) and perhaps even "make check"
    gdb or gcc or some other application (libc!).
    b) MP3 compression with lame
    c) Video compression with xvid or ffmpeg
    d) Linpack/POVray for fpu
    e) Ecasound/LADSPA for sound processing
    f) Maybe a perl/high-level bechmark for some
    standard system tasks.
    g) Cachegrind some of the above (have a look
    at valgrind/cachegrind!!)

    Anyway, if someone has anything above XP 2600+
    let's gather some results.

    P.

    1. Re:Benchmarking... by GGarand · · Score: 3, Informative


      You can find a thorough test of the Athlon XP 2700+, made with Linux software,
      here

  14. Re:Mixing the cards... no wait: dough by TheOrquithVagrant · · Score: 3, Funny

    > mmm, freshly baked Athlon

    I baked an Athlon MP last spring. I can assure you the reaction to the smell is not "mmmm...."

    Oh wait. Actually, I guess that was because I _fried_ it. Oh yea. Thats it.

    In any case, it was the most _expensive_ bad smell I've ever smelled. :)

  15. Posting links below. by amembrane · · Score: 4, Informative
    --
    They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.
  16. The real "P4 killer" coming later in spring? by MtViewGuy · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I think right now the Athlon XP 3000+ based on the Barton CPU core is the right first step, but I think the CPU that will REALLY worry Intel will likely come later this spring when we see Barton core Athlon XP's that take full advantage of DDR400 DDR-SDRAM.

    Remember, under pure-CPU tests the Athlon XP 3000+ has almost the same performance as the Intel Pentium 4 3.06 GHz CPU with HyperThreading; what will happen when the Athlon XP gets the Front Side Bus speed bump necessary to support DDR400 memory?

    1. Re:The real "P4 killer" coming later in spring? by Glonk · · Score: 4, Informative

      I think right now the Athlon XP 3000+ based on the Barton CPU core is the right first step, but I think the CPU that will REALLY worry Intel will likely come later this spring when we see Barton core Athlon XP's that take full advantage of DDR400 DDR-SDRAM.

      Remember, under pure-CPU tests the Athlon XP 3000+ has almost the same performance as the Intel Pentium 4 3.06 GHz CPU with HyperThreading; what will happen when the Athlon XP gets the Front Side Bus speed bump necessary to support DDR400 memory?

      Not much I'd imagine, the bump to a 333MHz system bus did next to nothing. The P4 is far more sensitive to memory bandwidth than the Athlon.

      And in April P4s at 3.2GHz with an 800MHz system bus come out...

  17. Re:Why does this not excite me? by Junta · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Wow, a great idea, I can see it now...

    Intel has a faster processor than us, and we can catch up or even beat us, but that would only be an small percentage increase.... I say we just sit on our asses until we can double our speed. We'll be bankrupt by then, but users don't care about the releases.

    If you are saying they should be doubling the speed at the same intervals as current incremental changes, you are being ridiculous. They are moving as fast as they can. This is what a competitive market does. They try to move any slower than they possibly can and competition leaves them behind. This is why the x86 platform is becoming much faster much more quickly than other platforms, the fierce competition.

    If you don't like the small speed increase releases, just ignore them and pretend they never happen. For example, if you have an Athlon XP1500+, pretend that every successive release until now never happend. Then you'll be happy.

    These are not meaningless speed increases. If you have the 2700+ processor, the 3000+ is faster, but not worth an upgrade (not yet anyway). If you have a 1500+ processor, this release is bound to make the 2700+ more reasonable, or even 3000+. Manufacturers do not expect a consumer to buy into every release cycle, but they expect different consumers to be ready to buy into different cycles at different intervals.

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  18. Toms Hardware Review by TJ6581 · · Score: 4, Informative

    Here's the Link http://www.tomshardware.com/cpu/20030210/index.htm l

    It's seems like they say that AMD'S 3000+ rating is extremely aggressive and they do not seem to think it should have had that rating. They also have a good point in there about price gouging essentially eliminating the comeptitive price difference. Since the chip is so hard to get the price skyrockets. It's kind of disturbing that AMD recommends testing this chip with DirectX 7 that definitely does not speak well of AMD's confidence in competing with Intel's stengths.

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  19. X-bit labs review by Lowrider1982 · · Score: 3, Informative

    X-bit labs has also got some info on the new Barton procs http://www.xbitlabs.com/cpu/athlonxp-3000/

  20. Oh come one.... by Jerf · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Oh come on... haven't you figured out by now that all new chips start expensive, and in a year are the bottom of the barrel, bargain basement, can't buy anything slower deals? And that all top-of-the-line chips are a marginal improvement for way too much money?

    Do you know what bottom-of-the-barrel is right now? It's like an Athlon 1800+ depending on where you shop. (Gee, I was just in there last week and they were still selling 1.2GHz Durons...) Do you know how much an Athlon 1800+ cost when it came out? Do you really think this price is permenent?

    What's the alternative? Never introduct a chip until it's cheap? Doesn't work that way, for a whole lotta reasons.

  21. The hype, the grave and the jaja's. by El+Jynx · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Processors that can move at such speeds - and, incidentally, keep requiring larger and larger heatsinks - only have practical applications on high-performance server (clusters). The average desktop user simply doesn't need all that, even for gaming; if you go to the store it's rare that you'll find a game that also requires you to have a computer with over a Ghz of computing power. Unless you're toying with some seriously heavy graphic or music manipulation software, it's next to useless.

    So why is the hype aimed at so many desktop users? Simple: it's the largest market. Do we, the endusers, need it? No. Are we going to buy it, with the economy in the tight spot it's in? Nope. We're going to upgrade their memory sticks and leave it at that. I've got a trusty P3 600 which works fine with my GeForce 4 to run NWN at awe-inspiring resolutions and graphics, it's got 512mb so it's smoother than a narwhal, and I for one see no need to buy a new one anytime soon. The net result is that the intel/amd power struggle has been so intense that there's no point to it anymore. My system is still configured for gaming, but a lot of people - in companies as well as at home - only use their computers to email and write letters and maybe listen to some music. Like as not they'd much rather save for a 19" TFT than another tower. I own my own little IT company and generally advise my clients to stick to their 450mhz machines and upgrade a few choice parts.

    The only thing I'm wondering is how big is the group that seriously uses such powerful machines? I can understand major websites or software companies will have clusters, but that can't be much more than a few percent can it? Anyone have an idea?

    - Jynx

    --
    A positive attitude may not solve all your problems, but it will annoy enough people to make it well worth the effort.
  22. Winxp doesn't take advantage of L2 cache anyway by Anonymous+Rockstar · · Score: 3, Informative

    You have to tweak a memory management setting in the registry to take advantage of your L2 cache anyway. Look here... http://www.tweaktown.com/document.php?dType=guide& dId=145&dPage=6

    --

  23. Re:Fakery by gl4ss · · Score: 4, Interesting

    depends on which review you read and with whose devils eye you read it with.

    you do realise that p4 3.06 is supposed to be better/faster than p4 2.8 would be at 3.06 speeds too? does that make calling p4 2.8 a p4 2.8 wrong, or calling 3.06 a 3.06 wrong? you can't compare even intel products just by the number they're sold with.

    it certainly doesnt get 'bitchslapped'.

    intel is far worse. they sell celerons and p4's with essentially same 'horsepower' numbers(to the consumer). not to mention their ht tech they're trying to make look far more better than it is. if you think the common joe can identify the differences then you're really wrong and haven't do enough mandatory helpdesking for your relatives.

    intel is like a car dealer selling cars by just telling consumers how high they can rev, amd is telling a performance number(though, mostly just comparable to other amd cpu's, and thats alright, why should they change their rating system according to what their competitors do.)

    i'd prefer to know the actual kw rating of the engine rather than just it's displacement and how high it can rev.

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  24. Performance vs Intel doesnt matter by mnmn · · Score: 3, Insightful


    I've assembled many systems for value-conscious people around, most being Duron 700-950. Nowadays the Duron 1200-1600 are nice bets since any higher clock would push the price by a bigger margin.

    The vast majority of customers, both OEM and custom-assembled, really couldnt care about the psychological 1GHz or 2GHz bump, or getting the very latest processor. The real competition is the number of processors sold, and everyone can see the Athlon has always outperformed the Pentium4 in price/performance competitions. Give the new power ratings, with the Athlon chugging lesser watts while pushing the cache for a more reasonable performance figure, I'd say AMD will come out the winner.

    Most customers quite simply dont want a $3000 system with the latest and greatest parts. Sure such a market exists, but theyre a loud minority. There are parents buying systems for their kids, their offices and college guys for their collegework. There are ordiniary people who want ordiniary computers that just do the job reliably, you know, use MS Word, browse the net, maybe watch a DVD. You dont even need a processor clocked over 1GHz for this, a Duron 800 with 256MB RAM and a Geforce2MX card can hold its own even in todays market. Remember very few are really buying Windows XP right now.

    In planning for the future, AMD should not ignore the FSB for the Hammer, nor should they ignore the power ratings. The price has always been their edge, but having the only 32/64-bit processor, they could even afford to jack it up a little assuming Intels 64-bit doesnt do too well with 32-bit code. What bothers Intel and Microsoft right now is that people are perfectly happy with a low-end machine, and will continue to be for a while. The whole North Amerian market is coming closer to saturation, and poorer countries would have a bell curve centered much closer to the very low end of America's computer buying bell curve. All this points to the next boom in extreme value systems, where AMD again has kept their edge over Intel, only to compete with transmeta and the C3.

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