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Whatever Happened to Micropayments?

prostoalex writes "Remember Flooz? Or Beenz? With a few notable successes (PayPal, and that's about it) online micropayment industry is saving its success stories for future generations. New York Times reports about two nascent micropayment systems, one coming out of Stanford, one out of MIT, that are supposed to help the content producers and Internet users to engage in less-than-a-dollar financial transactions without huge overhead costs, so typical of credit card payments. BitPass requires you to purchase a virtual debit card with a certain amount on it to pay for products and services, and PepperCoin consolidates numerous micropayments into one bill that is then split between the content providers that managed to sell their product to the Internet user." I still believe that single penny transactions will revolutionize the net.

70 of 318 comments (clear)

  1. micropayments on /. by gokubi · · Score: 4, Funny

    I still believe that single penny transactions will revolutionize the net.

    Plus, a micropayment system on /. would allow us to quantify the value of the elusive first post:

    320 refreshes waiting for next story
    1 hit Reply page
    0 hits to preview page (and it shows)
    1 hit submit page
    75 refreshes to see if FP gets modded down

    at $0.01 per Slashdot page hit, an FP would be worth $3.97.

    --
    I'm much funnier now that I'm a subscriber.
    1. Re:micropayments on /. by GMontag · · Score: 4, Funny

      Er... how much for +1 Karma?

      Priceless.

  2. Yeah by SpanishInquisition · · Score: 5, Funny

    I'll bet ya $0.000838 that it's not over yet.

    --
    Je t'aime Stéphanie
    1. Re:Yeah by legojenn · · Score: 2, Funny
      $0.000838

      Wow, now THAT's what I call a MICROpayment.

      It must be at least $1.50 Canadian.

      --
      I make a reasonable middle-class wage by going to work and not spamming blogs with scams.
  3. I dont get it... by mgcsinc · · Score: 3, Insightful

    The mere fact that the article reports on two different systems highlights an enormous problem in the world of micropayments: competition creates more problems that it solves! The beauty of a micropayment system is that one doesn't have to keep an account with a single provider, and oftentimes these providers are small enough so that an account would be senseless anyway; the issue created, however, is that consumers moving from one provider to the next are going to need a common ground for payment between them. Although this is what a micropayment service is supposed to be, a flourishing of different micropayment systems will mean consumers will have to stick to one and be limited in where they can spend, or go through the hassle (and probably expense) of creating accounts with many, partially defeating the original purpose. What do I see happening? 1. A single system gains the monopoly, and micropayments start to actually look worthwhile. OR 2. Consumers just continue to resort to big name information providers which they create accounts with, maintaining the status quo. If the e-coins system I was a member of earlier in theis decade is any indication, I see the latter as the much more likely of the two evils to occur...

  4. What happened? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

    They were monopolized and price-fixed by ebay, just like online auctions were. Have you looked at the prices for paypal and ebay auctions recently??

    --
    1-800-759-0700

    1. Re:What happened? by psxndc · · Score: 2, Interesting
      Amen. I sold my online Magic cards a couple months ago. I sold them all for $325 USD ($180 for one lot, $145 for another). Ebay took like $20 for the listings, Paypal took about $12 for the transactions (yes, even for a verified paypal buyer). All in all, Ebay and Paypal took about 10% of what I sold the cards for. Yes, their services provide a value, but 10% seems a little steep. I'm surprised Coinstar hasn't started an online presence. After seeing what it costs to sell stuff on Ebay, and to receive money via paypal, it makes the "Get rich on Ebay!" spam even less believeable.

      psxndc

      --

      The emacs religion: to be saved, control excess.

  5. Ok.. by grub · · Score: 5, Insightful


    Call me an old curmudgeon but I think micropayments are just another new way to be (pardon the pun) nickel and dime'd to death. My bank already does it with service charges, my phone company does it with every little "feature", my cell company does it, et al ad nauseum.
    The only ones that will PROFIT!!! from this are the big companies pushing it on us.

    --
    Trolling is a art,
    1. Re:Ok.. by AftanGustur · · Score: 2, Insightful


      Call me an old curmudgeon but I think micropayments are just another new way to be (pardon the pun) nickel and dime'd to death. My bank already does it with service charges, my phone company does it with every little "feature", my cell company does it, et al ad nauseum.

      I think you don't understand the concept of micropeyments... Making you pay 15 dollars for some service, even if you split the payment into 100 parts does not make it a "micropayment".

      A micropayment is when you pay a few cents for something without having any other obligations to the seller.

      Thus, setting up a 20 dollar subscription fee of which you pay 0.01 dollar per click on a website is not a micropayment since you have to buy 1999 other 'clicks' from the same seller.

      --
      echo '[q]sa[ln0=aln80~Psnlbx]16isb572CCB9AE9DB03273snlbxq' |dc
  6. Sounds promising... by deman1985 · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I wonder when individual music artists will be able to take advantage of better systems like these for distributing their music rather than the major record labels-- at least those who really want to make any profit from anything other than their concerts and merchandise...

  7. Whatever Happened to Micropayments? by GMontag · · Score: 4, Funny

    Whatever Happened to Micropayments?

    I believe they fell through the cracks.

  8. Micropayments just became nanopayments... by heironymouscoward · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Whenever you surf to an advertising-sponsored site you are paying.
    I believe the problem with micropayments is the lack of a 'lender of last resort', namely a government backing the scheme. In countries where governments have shown an interest (Finland, Japan,...?) micropayments seem to work just like any other kind of virtual cash.
    Certainly there is no technical hurdle to overcome: compared with giving someone your credit card and saying 'I trust you to take what I owe you and no more', and sending them a 'cheque' by email (PayPal) or by SMS (a system I wanted to make), it's clear that a payments system does not have to be perfect to succeed, it just needs backing from banks and government.
    Presumably banks are wary of real micropayments because they make so much money from credit cards, the main alternative.
    Presumably governments are wary of real micropayments because they see their tax bases being nuked.
    I don't see either of these fundamentals changing soon.
    PayPal succeeded because they found a niche that was opening at the time, and were were very good, very lucky, to exploit it fully. But without credit cards in the background, PayPal would never have worked.

    --
    Ceci n'est pas une signature
  9. The MicroPayment conundrum... by Boss,+Pointy+Haired · · Score: 5, Insightful

    The problem with there being competing systems for MicroPayments is that consumers don't want to have multiple accounts (well at least I don't anyway).

    Let's say Slashdot joins MicroPayment provider X, and New York Times Online joins MicroPayment provider Y, I need to have accounts with X and Y if those 2 websites happen to be in my favourites.

    Interoperability needs to be sorted out right up front; otherwise no one company will be successful.

    The obvious players are Visa and Mastercard. I suspect that they are just treading water until there is a whiff of possible competition, at which point they will swoop in together make MicroPayments happen between them.

    1. Re:The MicroPayment conundrum... by obi1one · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Shouldnt a micropayment system be just like the telephone system? You can have as many companies involved as you want. If they are competing for customers thats awesome, the key is to make micropaying between the different companies seemless, just like calling someone who uses sprint on my at&t phone is no different to me than calling an at&t customer. Unfortunatly it doesnt seem like this will come about without government intervention, and i wont be holding my breath for that.

  10. The real reason micoropayments haven't worked: by thud2000 · · Score: 4, Funny

    The stupid names. "Flooz"? "Beenz"? And I'm not thrilled with "PepperCoin," either.

  11. Paypal's success was based on $10 free/eBay by adzoox · · Score: 4, Interesting
    It's not that Paypal is/was the only success, it's that they hooked everyone with free money and low fees. Since they had "other" (read as offshore gambling) sources of income and HUGE DeutcheBank investment + very lucky for the moment, stock market returns that allowed them to beat out competition. (eCount, PayMe, and there was another that skips my mind, that I used, that was really really good.)

    Paypal also had a lot of marketting muscle and a catchy name.

    To top this off, Paypal also started to guaranty their purchases.

    It also ended up being the way that Paypal was used for other payment services because of the debit card that allowed it to prosper. I would for instance use my Paypal card to pay Billpoint or PayDirect if it was offered. This would get me 1.5% back.

    StormPay and C2it are the services frauds use. Bidpay is reasonable, but never use it to pay for anything just to be paid.

    The author misses Paydirect, which controls Yahoo payments. This is a decent service and is in some ways a superior "eshopping cart" service. Many small websites or discount hardware websites use Yahoo stores and the PayDirect service.

    I do agree with the author that "penny payments will revolutionize the internet though" - I see the internet broadband/wifi/otherwise being free in most cases within 10 years. I see ISPs as selling "credit cards" rather than subscriptions. These cards would allow you to send and receive email and view websites. The ISPs in turn act as a bank for websites such as Slashdot. Paying them for the number of views that have crossed their service say 1/100th of a cent for every page view.

    I think email should cost 1 cent to send, 1 cent to receive. I think it should be 1 penny each page/email view or bulk 1000/100MB /views for $1 -- 10,000/ MB/ views $10 -- 100,000/MB / views $50 - therefore sites that want to remain free can, sites that want to charge can almost transparently.

    --
    Yell & scream & rant & rave... it's no use... you need a shaaaave ~ Bugs Bunny
    1. Re:Paypal's success was based on $10 free/eBay by White+Shade · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I think paying anything to recieve an email is an extremely bad idea, at least not without implementing some important features.

      You can't forget about the spammers ... eventually they'll have to pay to send their emails which of course will put a major dent into their business, but until there is no way at all that they can send bulk emails, people will not want to have to foot the bill of receiving emails they didn't want anyway.

      Now, if you DO want to charge for receiving emails, charge some sort of a flat rate, scaled slightly by bulk; if you recieve thousands of emails, your rate goes up. If you recieve a couple a week, the rate is a bare minimum. This would, again thinking about spam, require that the companies charging for email access use extremely good spam blocking systems, and provide a method of allowing users to quickly and simply report spam that slips through the cracks, perhaps an address to forward to, which is randomly checked by humans in order to prevent abuse. This way, it is entirely up to the user to deal with any spam that doesn't get blocked, and if they get charged for anything they didn't want then it is entirely their fault.

      So, in order for a company to charge for incoming email and not start hemorrhaging customers, they will have to both offer a quality of service significantly better than 'free' services, and also provide a means for the user to not get economically raped by unsolicited email.

      just my oversized $0.02

      (imagine if it did cost $0.02 to post on slashdot.. wouldn't that be ironic?)

      --
      ìì!
    2. Re:Paypal's success was based on $10 free/eBay by asdffdsa · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Who would get those pennies? Your ISP? The backbone provider? Whoever runs the mail server? I run my own mail server. Can I start making money by relaying other people's mail?

  12. Payment System by JSkills · · Score: 4, Informative
    I am part of a group that actually runs a website that charges a subscription fee for the premium content on the site. We looked at (and tested) a number of payment models.

    What worked best was simply putting an inexpensive yearly fee in place. People pay once and can forget about worrying about any recurring charges or running up some kind of tab that will only come back and surprise them later.

    After a year, more than half of them renew their accounts too. And just so they can have access to a giant database of humorous, strange, and twisted photos and media files. Go figure ...

  13. Sarcasm? by Plutor · · Score: 2, Funny

    Disaffected youth #1: I still believe that single penny transactions will revolutionize the net.
    Disaffected youth #2: Are you being sarcastic, dude?
    Disaffected youth #1: [dejectedly] I don't even know anymore.

  14. Re:Superman III by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

    Just make sure you put the decimal point in the corect place. You don't want to end up in a Federal Pound-Me-In-The-Ass prison.

  15. Missing the Obvious by Arbogast_II · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Governments are supposed to be responcible for maintaining a robust and useful currency system. Supplying a robust currency system should be a slam dunk, no brainer extension of the current monetary system. Online, government secured currency is what is needed.

    One of the reasons a 3 cent transaction is doable is that there is not a business making the transaction unworkable by adding a fee. The voter is once again uncouncious, failing to force government to live up to its obligations.

    --


    HenryJamesFeltus.com
    1. Re:Missing the Obvious by araven · · Score: 5, Interesting

      THANK YOU! It is obvious, and it's been a problem for a while now. Online transactions aren't the only problem. We have a plastic currency society now, paper money is all but obsolete (though IMHO there will always be a place for it). In order to function now, it is arguably necessary to have a credit or debit card, yet private companies control who can and can't have one, and on what terms. It's just the same as if one person could use a $20 bill free of charge because they're "good" at using money, but another person had to pay $1 out of every $20 to someone else because they're "bad" at using money, and then there's the person who simply isn't allowed to use money at all because he doesn't have much to start with and he's been very bad at using it correctly in the past!

      Governments should absolutely be moving with the times and providing transaction-fee-free plastic money and online money. Currency should be as neutral and transparent as possible, in order to facilitate a smooth and efficient marketplace. We've always supported the overhead required to create and manage the paper money, we should do the same for modern currency.

      ~

      --
      "A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds." -Emerson
    2. Re:Missing the Obvious by Zathrus · · Score: 3, Insightful

      One of the reasons a 3 cent transaction is doable is that there is not a business making the transaction unworkable by adding a fee. The voter is once again uncouncious, failing to force government to live up to its obligations.

      Huh?

      What on earth are you talking about?

      It is not up to the government to provide an accounting system. The government (at least the US, European, and most Asian governments) does, indeed, provide a robust and useful currency system. Most even have currencies that are available in "useless" denominations, such as the penny, the pence, the cent (EU), and 1 Yen.

      The issue is not the currency system. The issue is that micropayments have overhead that vastly outweigh the actual payment. This overhead is in accounting, and it's not going to magically go away. You must show where ever penny comes from for at least two reasons - 1) The government wants to know, so it can tax you. 2) The consumer wants to know, so that you are accountable and they can get a refund if they were overcharged.

      There's other reasons to keep track of all the pennies too - like figuring out if you're going to make money or not, doing trending, etc. But really the biggest issue is #2 -- and if you're not accountable to me, your customer, then screw you -- I won't do business with you then.

      All of the micropayment systems I've seen have tried to reduce the accounting overhead merely through reducing billing overhead -- consolidate users by financial institution and request a lump sum. It still doesn't resolve the issue that the bank, credit union, etc. will need to take $.05 from account 1, $.08 from account 8, etc. And this is what kills micropayments. And will continue to kill them for the forseeable future.

      Unless, of course, you don't have a problem with businesses not being accountable to their customers.

    3. Re:Missing the Obvious by GrouchoMarx · · Score: 2, Insightful

      The problem with the government doing online currency, at least in the US, is that by law any currency that comes from the Treasury Department MUST be accepted as legal tender in ALL transactions. So, for instance, if the government started issuing a credit card of its own, then it would be illegal for any business to NOT accept it as payment. "I don't have the equipment for a credit card transaction at this store" would not be a valid excuse. That would significantly raise the cost of entry into any market, including door to door girl scout cookies.

      The same would be true of a Treasury Department PayPal. All online businesses would be required to accept it. In fact, so would all offline businesses, and I don't know how you'd make that work. :-)

      The entire financial institution in this country is build as a system of complex IOUs on top of the one and only actual legal currency in the US: green slips of paper and small tin chips.

      I can certainly see the advantages of having a government-sponsored ATM or online debit card or whatever, but the impact on the economy at large, especially small businesses and independents, would be very negative.

      --

      --GrouchoMarx
      Card-carrying member of the EFF, FSF, and ACLU. Are you?

    4. Re:Missing the Obvious by enjo13 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      The overhead of paper money is FAR less than plastic. Money is made and released, and the governments obligation ends there.

      With plastic the government has to become a bank (the money the card represents has to be managed by somebody). This implies that people have the ability to get money into the bank (direct deposite, tellers, etc..). That's big money right there.

      Then there is the question of fraud.. with money there is no question. Posession almost entirely determines ownership of paper money. When someone robs you, it is a criminal matter. However, if you don't catch the crook you don't get the money back. With plastic fraud is much easier to get away with (you just need a number after all), and so government has to support THAT as well.

      So the government is going to have to get into the banking business... which is not something I beleive it should stick it's nose in. Let it make the currency, leave it to the private sector to manage that currency.

      --
      Turn s60 photos into awesome videos with mScrapbook for all S60 3rd edition phones!
    5. Re:Missing the Obvious by Eccles · · Score: 2, Informative

      The problem with the government doing online currency, at least in the US, is that by law any currency that comes from the Treasury Department MUST be accepted as legal tender in ALL transactions.

      Interesting, but not true. There are stores (such as Scan, at the Columbia, MD mall) that do not take cash. It may be different if I already have a debt, and attempt to repay in cash, but that does not mean that someone must always be willing to take cash for a good or service.

      --
      Ooh, a sarcasm detector. Oh, that's a real useful invention.
    6. Re:Missing the Obvious by billtom · · Score: 2, Informative

      The problem with the government doing online currency, at least in the US, is that by law any currency that comes from the Treasury Department MUST be accepted as legal tender in ALL transactions.

      Sorry, wrong. Here's the US Treasury FAQ page for this question.

      Here's the main point:

      There is, however, no Federal statute mandating that a private business, a person or an organization must accept currency or coins as for payment for goods and/or services. Private businesses are free to develop their own policies on whether or not to accept cash...

  16. Micropayments with the iTunes Music Store? by Jon+Abbott · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I know that somebody always mentions Apple in /. stories nowadays, but does anyone know how they overcame the micropayment issue with their iTunes Music Store? I would think that some lessons could be gleaned from their experience with it.

    1. Re:Micropayments with the iTunes Music Store? by henele · · Score: 3, Informative

      I read from one source (which could be completely unreliable) that Jobs and Co. had discussions with the banks to cut down their fee, in order to make the whole thing feasible..

      They also clump together purchases made over a 48 hour period into one, larger purchase, cutting down further on bank fees...

    2. Re:Micropayments with the iTunes Music Store? by Bloodshot · · Score: 4, Informative

      I remember reading about this system. What they do is actually pool your mico transations and charge at the end of the billing period instead of instantly charging you when you make the purchase. Apple is gambling that you'll buy enough stuff during the billing period to make the transaction fee charged to Apple palatable.

  17. Try Xanadu by Creepy+Crawler · · Score: 2, Informative

    Xanadu was the first system for reverse linkable, micropayment ready, Super-HTML system.

    It was set up originally to help content manufacturers so they could choose how much to reimburse their goods with. You could choose free, if you wanted.

    Bandwidth still costs no matter what, so this could at least pay for bandwidth. And who WOULDNT pay .0002 cents for accesses to debian mirrors? I certainly would IF IT WAS EASY.

    Xanadu also provided for searchable media: An mpeg movie is linked from IMBD to a section of frame 23508-24003 on the movie servers. The content people then would access a porportinate cost to that snippet. Who wouldnt agree to pay 4cents for that access?

    And now for those whining that that network wouldnt be "All Pay", if you create content, you can get money too. It's like a payment counter that goes both ways rapidly.

    Instead the HTML One-Way links, dead links, leeches, and no accountability system started. And it started ONLY because Xanadu was closed, secret system then (80's-early 90's), and HTTP/HTML was Public, known system.

    --
  18. Micro-content providers by pubjames · · Score: 2, Interesting


    If we are going to have the concept of micro-payments, why can't we have micro-content providers?

    I regularly post to Slashdot. I am essentially a micro-content provider to Slashdot. I have posted over 800 comments, many of them high Karma scorers. If I made, say, one cent per Karma point, then I would be about 30 dollars better off by now! Woohoo!

    1. Re:Micro-content providers by tcdk · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Good idea!

      I've been thinking about adding some kind of micropayment system to my book review page.

      "If you found this review useful, please click here to donate 10cent to our bandwidth bill" or something. But adding the possibility of diverting some of those cents to the person who wrote the review and some of them to the sites account, would be very, very interesting.

      Today people just write the reviews because they can and for the fun of it, but nothing says "I like that" as a bit of money, even if it's only a few cents.

      --
      TC - My Photos..
  19. What about non-virtual 'micropayments' by MarcQuadra · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I've started leaving the spare change when I buy little stuff like coffee, takeout food, and trinkets at small shops. Imagine what would happen to the economy if everybody left their 37 cents after buying coffe? The people working minimum-wage at the coffee shops would be making over $30/hour! I think 'micropayments' in real life (not online) could seriously revolutionize the economy, it would finally give the poorest amongst us the ability to make decent (and tax-free) earnings.

    --
    "Sometimes, I think Trent just needs a cup of hot chocolate and a blankie." -Tori Amos on Nine Inch Nails
    1. Re:What about non-virtual 'micropayments' by Rhone · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Heh, it would take all of about 5 seconds before stores started abusing the hell out of that--instead of everything costing $x.99 ("oooh look it's _under_ x+1 dollars!"), everything would start costing $n.01, or more likely be priced in such a way that it comes out to $n.01 with sales tax.

      Even if businesses did get more money from this (which assumes that consumers currently send all their change to /dev/null instead of finding a use for it), it's overly optimistic to assume that the extra profits would be used on low-wage employees. Businesses will (in general, with rare exceptions) always pay their employees as much as they have to, not as much as they can.

  20. DIY by MythMoth · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Taco, if you really believe that, then Slashdot is the place to launch TacoBeans the new micropayment solution from OSDN. Seriously.


    If you don't really believe it, why did you say it ?

    --
    --- These are not words: wierd, genious, rediculous
  21. The Right Idea at the Right Time by Dan+Crash · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Most micropayment companies have failed in the past for two reasons:

    1) They debuted at the height of the dotcom craze, when advertising money, venture capital, and ludicrous business plans were everywhere. Back then, users were getting so much of their online experience subsidized by these factors that micropayments weren't attractive to them. Now, in the depressed post-boom environment, micropayments are becoming attractive to consumers again.

    2) Most micropayment companies focused on the wrong markets. Micropayment companies have traditionally focused on large content providers, trying to get already successful businesses to change their business model to something their consumers were skeptical or even resentful of. BitPass, however, has instead focused on a bottom-up approach, marketing to individual content producers like webcomics creators, artists, and musicians, who haven't been able to charge what their work was worth until now. I think this is going to be the deciding factor in their success.

    I'm working on a BitPass user group site to help the BitPass community grow. If you're curious, I'll post to my journal when the site is up.

    --
    He who refuses to do arithmetic is doomed to talk nonsense.
  22. No. Micropayments are dead. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I've been saying it for years, and I continue to be right. Micropayments don't solve a customer problem, they solve a provider problem. If you don't solve a customer problem, you don't have a success. Nobody wants to be nickle and dimed to death on the net. It's time to retire this monumentally dumb idea.

    The amount of time, effort and money poured down this rathole is really sad.

  23. This has been answered! by sootman · · Score: 4, Informative

    And the answer is, they will *never* happen. read all about it here. In that article, Clay says so much, so perfectly, that I won't quote any of it--just go and read the whole thing. OK, I can't resist. One of his points is micropayments have too much "user overhead"--you have to make a descision for literally every penny you spend, and that alone makes it not worth it. As he says, the user is getting conflicting messages: "This is worth so much you have to decide whether to buy it or not" and "This is worth so little that it has virtually no cost to you."

    --
    Dear Slashdot: next time you want to mess with the site, add a rich-text editor for comments.
  24. Naaah. There's no conundrum. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Once a micropayment company becomes really successful, Paypal will buy them out, and integrate their services with Paypal's. This will make them the de facto standard on the Internet, and the other micropayment companies will die.

  25. Who cares about the tech? by dachshund · · Score: 3, Insightful
    It's great that all of these people are coming out with new Micropayment "technology", but let's face it. The problem has never been the technology, it's simply one of marketing.

    Until you can convince consumers and possibly their service providers to accept micropayments, you might as well employ trained chimpanzees to do the actual processing.

  26. A bad idea that shoud have stayed dead by JonKatzIsAnIdiot · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Ugh. Micropayments were a bad idea back in the dot-com days where they were concieved, and they're still a bad idea today. People won't visit sites where they are going to be (literally) nickel-and-dimed to death. People don't want yet another financial account to keep track of, yet another critical login to remember.

    Even if one of these schemes manages to attract an appreciable following, large enough to be noticed by the credit card companies, then what? All it would take is a simple policy change to put them out of business. Maybe $50 gets unlimited sub-$5.00 transactions per month, or something like that. The whole micropayment concept is necessitated by the desire to avoid high transaction fees on credit card payments. Once the credit card companies wake up and provide a plan tailored for the smaller retailer, the entire micropayment industry disappers. Perhaps it will take a micropayment company that looks like it is on the verge of real success to do it, but as soon as they attract the attention of the big boys, they will be wiped out, pretty much overnight.

    Any business that can be invalidated by a policy change by a larger, competing institution is not, in the long term, viable.

  27. Nuisance cost by cperciva · · Score: 2, Interesting

    The big problem for micropayments is this: Are they automatic?

    If people have to take deliberate action to spend a penny, it's not going to work; at $7.20/hour, if it takes them five seconds to read and respond to a prompt, they've spent more in their time than the penny they're paying.

    However, if the payments are made automatic, a different problem takes over: People aren't culturally ready for having their money spent, by a computer, on their behalf. Never mind that every time their thermostat turns on, it's spending their money -- that's sufficiently hidden from the users.

    The only way I can see micropayments becoming mainstream is if they are refundable within a given time limit -- but that would only work if people don't start "charging back" all their payments.

  28. What if micropayments just worked? by 192939495969798999 · · Score: 2, Funny

    I hereby declare the following idea mine: what if you just charged micropayments, and it worked? Suppose that it costs 3 cents to process a 1 cent transaction, but if you're doing 80 billion transactions a month, you don't care because:
    1) one day, people will find a way to make it profitable, and
    2) when that day comes, you'll already own the market & make back everything you lost.
    Just do business & wait for technology to catch up. There's too much fussing about whether or not it would be profitable from the get-go.

    --
    stuff |
  29. Well... by Prince_Ali · · Score: 2, Funny

    They would have to agree to an expense account for buying Karma. I'm not cutting into my profits for a few extra points when... I've probably said too much.

  30. Paypal is *not* micropayments!!! by sootman · · Score: 2, Interesting
    I know people use paypal for tip jars and stuff, but paypal is *not* micropayments! paypal is a system where anyone can use a credit card to send money to anyone else, with neither side having a merchant account. *that* is the problem paypal solves. paypal does *not* make it easier to pay $.01 or $.03 for a web page. (they are still driven by banks who charge a minimum of $.10 to $30 per transaction, AFAIK.) The reason we will never, ever, ever see true micropayment systems is because the human brain does not want them. Here's a bit from that article:
    Imagine you are moving and need to buy cardboard boxes. Now you could go and measure the height, width, and depth of every object in your house - every book, every fork, every shoe - and then create 3D models of how these objects could be most densely packed into cardboard boxes, and only then buy the actual boxes. This would allow you to use the minimum number of boxes.

    But you don't care about cardboard boxes, you care about moving, so spending time and effort to calculate the exact number of boxes conserves boxes but wastes time. Furthermore, you know that having one box too many is not nearly as bad as having one box too few, so you will be willing to guess how many boxes you will need, and then pad the number.

    For low-cost items, in other words, you are willing to overpay for cheap resources, in order to have a system that maximizes other, more important, preferences. Micropayment systems, by contrast, typically treat cheap resources (content, cycles, disk) as precious commodities, while treating the user's time as if were so abundant as to be free.
    --
    Dear Slashdot: next time you want to mess with the site, add a rich-text editor for comments.
  31. Already answered years ago... by acroyear · · Score: 4, Insightful
    Clay Shirky said it best in his article The Case against Micropayments:
    The Short Answer for Why Micropayments Fail

    Users hate them.

    The Long Answer for Why Micropayments Fail

    Why does it matter that users hate micropayments? Because users are the ones with the money, and micropayments do not take user preferences into account. [...]

    To summarize, when the cost of clicking a link is only time (how long will it take to load that link on my 28.8 modem), its a relatively simple decision. When its both time and money, a judgement has to be made. Sure, for a penny a page, one might not worry about it, but nobody's going to make money on a penny a page, no matter what "they" say; that only works on click-rates the size of CNN, MSNBC, Slashdot, source-forge, etc. And even then, when they see "the bill", it'll be like getting their first credit card bill and having no idea just how much they "spent" online...then they'll be reconsidering each and every link and users don't want to do that.

    Users surf or they don't. If you had to pay a per-minute charge for doing real surfing in the pacific ocean, you wouldn't surf, so (extending the metaphore) why would you do it at home? There's a reason AOL and all the other ISPs got rid of their traditional per-minute charges and people buy cell phone and long-distance plans with max minutes instead of per-minute charging; the variable at the end of the month isn't worth the hassle.

    --
    "But remember, most lynch mobs aren't this nice." (H.Simpson)
    -- Joe
  32. Points of View by MyHair · · Score: 3, Insightful
    Yeah, micropayments sound great to content providers. "Everyone will pay me for only what they use and all of what they use!" But it sounds awful to users.

    Let's look at some real-world examples:
    • Take-a-penny trays
    • All-you-can-eat buffets
    • Free refills on non-alcholic drinks everywhere
    • 6 packs, 12 packs, 24 packs (you don't just buy only as many bottles/cans as you want)
    • Unlimited local calls on home phones
    • 600-minute & 1200-minute cell phone plans
    Maybe these aren't all completely relevant, but I just don't see paying a little bit for each click being of value to consumers. I see it as being a huge pain in the rear, even if it is all automated and trusted. (cough, Paypal, cough)

    I think the real problem is that much of the internet's content just isn't worth any money to us. We can get a lot of content for 50 cents per day from the local newspaper. We can get content faster from TV at no incremental cost (but arguably less convenience). The internet can be great, but I ain't paying for Slashdot. The Motley Fool already lost me when they went subscription; they just aren't worth it.

    If most everything interesting went pay I think there would be enough people volunteering news/info sites and discussion boards that we could still get our free internet. We may have to move to a p2p distribution model since running a centralized site as busy as Slashdot, for example, costs a pretty penny in bandwidth.
  33. Read this article about micropayments first by Richard+W.M.+Jones · · Score: 2, Informative
    Before you go off and invest large sums of money in more daft micropayments schemes, you might want to read this article about why consumers don't accept them:

    http://www.openp2p.com/pub/a/p2p/2000/12/19/microp ayments.html

    Rich.

  34. E-gold by hool5400 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    E-gold works wonders. Pay any weight of gold, silver, platinum or palladium, all backed in real life by metal. You own the real metal and a payment is just a transfer of ownership. You don't even have to pay by weight, you can say $100USD worth of e-gold.

    Been running for years, working really well, the only thing is the slow adoption rate and the fees. When (or if) this reaches critical mass it will be the best of all the options.

    This is how i pay for my hosting and brought my domain name, not no mention a few other things.

    --

    Remember, it takes 42 muscles to frown and only 4 to pull the trigger of a sniper rifle.
  35. Will work for Flooz by figa · · Score: 2, Insightful
    Just because something is possible, doesn't mean that it makes any sense to do it. Flooz and Beenz couldn't give away their fake currency. Nobody wants micropayments.

    The only people crying for micropayments are websites that produce "content" that's nearly worthless. If the content is worth something, people will make macropayments to subscribe. If the content is essentially worthless, consumers are not going to push to be charged an amount so small that they don't notice it until the end of the month, and deal with the password, account, and billing hassle of playing along.

    If you're going to do that, you may as well tack on an ISP tax and create national grants for the weblog arts. It could be like all those cryptic fees tacked on to my phone bill that constitute half my monthly payment.

    Oddly enough, it seems that the free market folks are the ones who insist most strongly that this has to exist. I think the market has spoken on micropayments.

  36. All micropayments are not created equal. by Dan+Crash · · Score: 4, Interesting

    The big problem with Shirky's analysis is that he makes no distinction between payments of, say, half a cent, and payments of a dollar or more. And that's a major flaw in his argument.

    In the real world, Shirky's argument translates to: "No one will buy a candy bar for 50 cents because they will be paralyzed by the user overhead." And, of course, we know this wrong. The candy industry (just to give an example) makes millions of dollars of profit a year selling 50 cent candy bars.

    Likewise, there is a legitimate zone of value for digital content that falls between a dime and a couple bucks. 50 cents for an online comic you like, or for a song from a band you want to support, isn't any different than 50 cents for a candy bar.

    Micropayments are just payments. And I think it'll be funny if, in a couple years, the artists and writers and bands who are making money off of micropayments can read Clay's article and have a good laugh.

    --
    He who refuses to do arithmetic is doomed to talk nonsense.
    1. Re:All micropayments are not created equal. by sootman · · Score: 2

      He doesn't make the distinction because payments of a dollar or more are not, by definition, micropayments. The term "micropayments" desccribes payments in the $.01 to $.10 range. And $.50 candy bars are successful because there is not a $.25 transaction fee imposed by the banking companies on each and every bar sold.

      Micropayments require substantial data infrastructure. Think of the electricity in your house. It might cost, say, $.01 to have one light bulb on in your house for 10 minutes. So that's a micropayment, right? Wrong. Is there a database query and and individual transaction every 10 minutes as long as the light bulb is on? No. Information flows into one box that is checked once a month by a single company who both processes your bill and keeps the money. It is just not possible to get the associated per-transaction costs down low enough to make true micropayments work.

      --
      Dear Slashdot: next time you want to mess with the site, add a rich-text editor for comments.
    2. Re:All micropayments are not created equal. by Rogerborg · · Score: 2, Interesting

      > The people that want a specific candy bar will pay for it if it means they can't get that candy bar otherwise.

      Speculation, and I assert otherwise. Find a counter example.

      >Just because something's free doesn't mean you want it, as plenty of ugly couches left on the curbside with "FREE!" signs on them can attest.

      Have you ever moved a couch? That's a high transaction cost, not a free one. Notice how I talked about the cost of negotiating the transaction, not the dollar value of it. Find a better counter example.

      >Obviously, some people won't pay for anything. But many will, especially to support the artists they like.

      Sure, that $109.30 for U2 will really persuade them to go indie, and the $10 for Linkin Park shows just how much you wacky kids will pay for your college boy rawk.

      Heh, how much have you paid?

      --
      If you were blocking sigs, you wouldn't have to read this.
  37. How does Apple handle $0.99 music store payments? by dpbsmith · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I've been wondering about this since it opened... and I haven't had my account long enough to find out for myself. Maybe $0.99 isn't a micropayment, but it certainly is a minipayment.

    I've been hearing for years that the cost of handling credit card payments makes it impractical to use it for purchases of less than about $10. So how does Apple do this?

    Certainly a big appeal of the Music Store is that you pay only for what you use and are NOT saddled with an automatic $5.95 or $8.95 per month.

    Do they batch them? Do they actually lose money on someone who only buys one song a month, and gamble that most users will buy more than that?

  38. EZ-Pass toll payments and "recharging" by dpbsmith · · Score: 2, Insightful

    The New York State EZ-Pass toll transponder system, and probably many others, may not be a "micropayment" system but certainly occupies some kind of middle ground. They initially bill your credit card $15, which establishes $15 in your EZ-Pass account. Toll payments of $0.65, $1.15, etc. gradually reduce the amount; when the amount gets low, they hit your credit card automatically for another $15 "recharge."

    So perhaps one of the things that's happening with micropayments is that these "credit card auto-recharge" accounts are serving some of the functions for which micropayments would otherwise be needed.

    I'm not quite sure what happens when you terminate your EZ-Pass account; I assume they send you a check for $6.22 or whatever. I suppose that if I had thirty or forty of these accounts, it might get to be annoying having $500 or $1000 tied up in tiny, non-interest bearing, spendable-for-only-a-single-purpose accounts.

  39. rogerborn by rogerborn · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I am a seller on BITPASS.

    I think its great. I sell my stories and novels there for a dime or more. I have been doing it for a week, and already have had an amazing amount of sales.

    Seems to work for me, when nothing else I have tried ever worked before.

    Forget the honor system or begging for donations. Micropayments just works.

    Roger Born
    Writer, Teacher, General Troublemaker
    rogerborngraphics.com

  40. Isn't it ironic? by Aidtopia · · Score: 2, Interesting

    On the one hand, there's a faction trying to eliminate the penny in the US because it's nearly worthless (nothing costs <$0.05 anymore). On the other hand, people are trying to figure out how to charge micropayments on the net. Aren't these opposite approaches to the same problem?

    It seems to me that when a commodity gets cheap enough, people are willing to pay a flat fee for nearly unlimited usage. The most obvious example is phone service. Do you think people will ever really want to spend their money in tiny increments? I don't.

  41. "Micro"-Payments at Kinkos by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

    At my local(San Diego) kinkos I can use a credit card at the copier. You simply insert the card in the card reader and make the copies. I recently made 60cents worth of purchases and when I got my bill(AMEX)it was truly 60cents. Obviously kinkos has worked something out with the major card companies or they are just eating the fees on low end purchases.

  42. Micropayments: good or bad? by SoTuA · · Score: 2, Interesting

    On the good part: the control of the contents is in the hands of the clients, not the sponsors. Better content will win. They liberate us of the danger of bad subscriptions... lots of times one can tell whether the site sucks or not in a couple of clicks, and what now would be a US$20 subscription could be a couple of micropayments. They also would liberate us of the "subscriber-only" links that appear around here :)

    But: nice to see how you manage to get the transaction overhead below the US$0.01, although this can be done with "virtual credit accounts". And while supporters can argue that we already use micropayments, like for water and electricity, there's a little detail that gets no airtime: most of the things that work on micropayments are monopolies or cartels. Remember dial-up internet? Pay as you use? Once flat-fee came into the block, pay per use went out fast... as the flat-fee guy rakes in the money.

    Other issue that can be seen with micropaymentes is the fact that they clutter our surfing experience. There is, your previously unencumbered surfing now is awash with little transactions. Plus the confusion factor: the idea is to embed the micropayments into the links, so that it is automatic. So, you have this link that a) has you assess if it's worth to click that link and at the same time b) tells you it costs so little that it's nothing.

    This working scheme that tries to save everything *but* the user's time doesn't sound so hot to me. Add to that de aggregation/disaggregation of products: is the newspaper worth a buck? is each article worth five cents? and so on... the pricing isn't clear anymore, when you had your newspaper for a dollar.

    So, in my opinion, while having control of content in the hands of the customers and getting rid of subscriptions is fine, I think there's a lot to be fixed in the current schema of micropayments...

  43. phone companies have been doing this for decades by drbart · · Score: 2, Insightful

    billing has always been a Big Deal for them, and they have been adapting to customer demand for flat rate in some cases (but not all).

    bell labs used to employ economists and psychologists and periodically re-addressed the issues of billing.

    TPC managements have been clueless about the internet from the beginning, though. quite a shame.

  44. street performer protocol - or meter-based scripts by *weasel · · Score: 2, Insightful

    micropayments aren't going to fly, unless there's a cross-vendor api that allows me to choose my own micropayment gateway and not be limited to only -their- micropayment customers. and that isn't likely unless the treasury gets involved. (you can give me a call at my mars cottage when they get around to that)

    what content sites -should- do instead, is let people charge up a site-specific 'meter', with say, $5. and as they view content, you deduct micropayments from the script total. when they hit 0, you either bring the ads back for that user or prompt em for more dough.

    alternately, sites could just use the street performer protocol. seems to work just fine for every worthy webcomic to date. if not enough people buy t-shirts and prints and collectibles, you close up shop and go somewhere else, or try again (perhaps in a different format).

    no need for pvp or penny-arcade or homestarrunner to go to micropayments. sites less dedicated to merchandising can stick with metered subscriptions. everyone wins. (except the micropayment banks)

    its just easier for everyone involved if you ask me. plus, there's no additional costs/worries/security issues that you'd get with micropayment banks charging fees, going under, getting hacked, etc, etc, etc

    --
    // "Can't clowns and pirates just -try- to get along?"
  45. Simple reason why micropayments are bunk by Rogerborg · · Score: 4, Interesting

    When you contest payment with your bank, what happens? Well, you talk to an actual live human being, who will do actual human things, and make a decision on whether to refund you the money and whether to prosecute a third party. And your transaction fees pay his salary.

    What happens when you contest something with PayPal? You drop them an email (good luck trying to talk to anyone), and then they freeze your account, sieze (i.e. spend) your money, and (if they're feeling particularly communicative) tell you to go screw yourself. They do that not because they're evil (although they probably are) but because they simply don't make enough margin on their transactions to be able to afford to investigate them, and because they know that it's not worth anyone's time to sue them, even in small claims court, for the contested amounts.

    Now, when the transaction value drops to 1 cent, what's the best case margin on that? You've got purchase and maintenance costs on your servers and database, plus bandwidth costs for those 128bit SSL encrypted transaction details that fly both ways. Half a cent? More if you handle a lot. A loss if you don't handle enough to amortize your setup costs.

    Now, how many fraudulent transactions do you have to have - from a single source - before it's worth taking any action? It costs ten cents for a staffer to click on a button, so you're talking twenty transactions. If the staffer has to think at all, it's a hundred. If they have to do any investigatation at all - for example, to decide if a bunch of transactions are from a single source - it's thousands. If you want to hand it over to a lawyer or other third party, it's tens or hundreds of thousands.

    But that's fantasy land, because it's not worth even recording the details of the transaction that would allow you to decide if it was fraudulent or not. The logs themslves would take a huge chunk out of your profit. You'd simply have to trust the referrer.

    Well, that's not working out too well for credit cards right now, but at least cc issuers can pass back all the costs to online retailers for credit card fraud.

    But if it's not worth your while even retaining transaction records for micropayments, or to investigate fraud after the fact, how are you going to protect themselves from fraud?

    I suspect that you're not. It comes down to the equation of whether it's worth anyone's time to crack the system. Well, as thousands of open source projects, white hat hobbyist hackers, and karma systems show, lots of people don't put a dollar value on their time. And given that the chances of being caught are minimal, well, why not give it a go? After all, it's only avoiding a penny a time. Who can that hurt?

    Any popular micropayment system will (I suggest) be defrauded, and the costs will come right out of the payment backer's pocket. We've seen how PayPal deals with that; ignore it. Don't answer the 'phones. Freeze the account, and spend the money in it. With micropayments, who's going to even bother complaining? And if they do, how much are they going to have in their account? $5? It's barely even worthwhile seizing that, and not worthwhile at all if you have to send or even read a letter.

    There is simply no compelling reason for anyone to manage micropayments, other than as a tool of desperation to prop up a flagging or non-existent business model (*cough* slashdot *cough*). There's precious little profit to be made from it, and a lot of opportunity to be scammed so badly that you won't even realise that you're bankrupt until you total the figures at the end of the year and find out that most of your payments came from Mr M. Mouse.

    I suspect that it's good old fashioned economics that are stopping any of the big financial institutions from implementing mi

    --
    If you were blocking sigs, you wouldn't have to read this.
  46. i want systems like this, but tip-based by vizda · · Score: 2, Interesting

    don't make me figure out prices and charge me for access, just let me set up a monthly account and easily give a tip if i like something. i.e. you put a "tip the author of this" selection under the right mousebutton/click n' hold menu. bonus points for making it work it work for mp3s, pdfs, web pages, /. posts or even listserv posts.

    --
    http://usprogressives.org/ - redesign democracy.
  47. Just 5 cents per month by RalphSlate · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I run a medium-sized content website. I get between 4 and 5 million pageviews per month, about 10,000 unique visitors per day, and about 180,000 unique visitors per month.

    I've figured out that if I could get each unique visitor to pay me just a nickel -- 5 cents -- per month, I could take down the banner advertising, quit my day job, and work on my site full time (and therefore make it that much better with more information).

    Think about it. What if you had to pay content sites just $0.05 per month to access the content? Most internet users visit perhaps at most 100-200 different content sites per month. That would add just $10 to your monthly bill, and all advertising could be eliminated.

    I would think that sites that are successful in selling you things -- like Amazon -- wouldn't charge you to enter, so that may even cut down on the number of sites you have to pay for each month.

    With a price point of just $0.05, you wouldn't have to think to yourself, "gee, should I click on this link, do I really want to spend the money"?

    I've tried various forms of banner advertising, sponsorships, commission links, etc., but I still can't earn close to $0.05 (on average) from each visitor (I'm at about $0.003 per unique).

    I don't want to make my site into subcription-based, I'd rather keep it free, or free enough so that people could still easily view it.

    Face it, the content on the internet has slowed down a lot since the dot-bomb. That's a direct result of there being no money in content publishing. It's closing up even further; one by one sites are becoming subscription-only. Pretty soon the internet is going to be one big magazine rack with the magazines all shrink-wrapped, and just a few free-zines in the corner.

    Simply giving web publishers a few table scraps each month would dramatically revitalize what was once a very promising source of content and entertainment. Micropayemnts are one of the few ways that this can happen.

    1. Re:Just 5 cents per month by angst_ridden_hipster · · Score: 3, Insightful
      I would think that sites that are successful in selling you things -- like Amazon -- wouldn't charge you to enter, so that may even cut down on the number of sites you have to pay for each month.

      Aye, therein lies the rub. Once they discover that people are willing to pay micropayments for access, even the commercial players like Amazon won't be able to resist.

      Soon, Amazon would be free for people who have purchased $n worth of stuff, and a micropayment for people just browsing. After all, if you're merely using the site as a reference, you should be happy to pay. Oh, and why should they foot the bill for you to comparison shop? Etc.

      And prehaps it's redundant to state this, but the size of a micropayment is proportional to the number of sites requiring them. When every site costs $0.01 / visit, soon "premium" sites will cost $0.015, and so on. Eventually, we get the magazine situation you describe; the mechanism may be different, but the net result is the same.

      --
      Eloi, Eloi, lema sabachtani?
      www.fogbound.net
  48. Re:Everything on the Net is Free by nolife · · Score: 2, Interesting

    It is not so much the absurd notion that everything on the net is free, it is the simple fact that whatever your are about to access and pay a micropayment for, is more then likely available free somewhere else. This is why micropayments are failing. It would take a cartel of thousands of members in a common field working together to get a critical mass before micropayments will go anywhere, or a very specific niche location. Cell phone ringer sites are a textook example. There are pay-for play but there are tons of free ones also. The users paying are doing so because they do not know about the free ones, or they like the content on certain pay sites. If you run a pay site, you better hope it offers something unique because most people will eventually find the free ones.

    --
    Bad boys rape our young girls but Violet gives willingly.
  49. And because they designed in a circle. by Ungrounded+Lightning · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Instead the HTML One-Way links, dead links, leeches, and no accountability system started. And it started ONLY because Xanadu was closed, secret system then (80's-early 90's), and HTTP/HTML was Public, known system.

    AND because the people with the management's ear "rabidly prototyped" rather than designing and staying focussed on getting a product out, and pushed aside those in the project who asked them hard questions.

    So they pushed the problems around from module to module rather than solving them. And they gave a presentation to the backers about "throway code" and how you only keep about 5-10% of the code in each pass through the loop. And this inability to undestand that a product is supposed to come out after a couple passes ("Q", not "O") ticked off their backers, who eventually backed out and left them back in the garage.

    Xanadu had some good solutions - which is good, because they were trying to solve ALL the problems at once. But its "architects" never picked one and settled on it, so the rest of the crew could actually work on it (and not see their work discarded before it could even be finished).

    --
    Bantam Dominique roosters crow a four-note song. Once you've heard it as "Happy BIRTHday" you can't NOT hear it that way
  50. I'll pay you to mod this up! serious!! by andrewmuck · · Score: 2, Interesting
    Micro payments are useable, just in need of a business model to use them e-gold is very useable and free to open an account in about 30 seconds! even better once you have that e-gold account you can open a 1mdc account they store e-gold for you to avoid storage and transfer fees, once they have a big enough user base they will charge small transfer fees (smaller than e-golds tiny fee) for account holders below a certain ballance. Or at least that seems the idea, I am just a happy user enjoying micro payments and NO fees. Compare that to how paypal rips me off (I am an international paypal user, works out I lose about 5%)


    Most of my transactions are bigger than micro but not all.


    Anyway to show one good use of micropayments I will pay the first 10 people to mod me up, advise me of your e-gold account number (and if you have 1mdc the initials for the account), allow me time to pay you, I am working and on the road.

    Here is a freebie to get you started...

    I have another interest in anonymous money, but that is another subject, if interested google should show my interests or if your even slacker, email me.

    --
    This is my sig, exciting huh!