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Intelligent Agents And Robotic Telescopes

dpp writes "Astronomers working on the eSTAR Project have used software "Intelligent Agents" to control the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope and observe a dwarf nova. One of the astronomers says "The Agents can detect and respond to the rapidly changing universe faster than any human... [they] can be used to assist human observers, instead of replacing them entirely - augmenting their abilities to do science quicker, faster, and more reliably." Next up: getting results sent automatically to your 2.5G/3G mobile phone (with images!), and deploying on more telescopes including the Liverpool Telescope and the Faulkes Telescopes. The full story is at the Joint Astronomy Centre."

67 comments

  1. I claim this article... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

    in the name of the hackingthemainframe hard drives! http://hackingthemainframe.com

  2. Help right here on Earth? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Do you think they can help people affected by large earthquakes?

    Anyone else in the Kanto area feel that?

  3. Intelligent Agents? by Dimensio · · Score: 1, Funny

    Didn't we learn from the terrible mistakes of Agent Smith?

    1. Re:Intelligent Agents? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      1. Neo will save us.
      b. it goes a long way to explaining that room at the end of Reloded.

    2. Re:Intelligent Agents? by AndroidCat · · Score: 1

      It could have been worse. It could have been Agent Clippy. (He's a Microsoft Agent)

      --
      One line blog. I hear that they're called Twitters now.
  4. Not ment to be tinfoil hat - just an association by CGP314 · · Score: 0, Funny

    can be used to assist human observers, instead of replacing them entirely

    All I can think of is the scene in Roger and Me where Mike goes to GM-Land and sees the animatronic car factory worker singing a song called "Me and my buddy" about the robot that replaced him.

  5. Agents everywhere by YouTalkinToMe · · Score: 1

    Agent's seem to be in the news.

    There's also an article in the Economist about using "agents" to model economic and social systems.

    So the question is: to what extent are these "agent" systems something new, and to what extent is it just re-packaging and/or hype?

    1. Re:Agents everywhere by krymsin01 · · Score: 1

      It'll be something new and interesting the day the agents start formulating their own ideas about why something is happening in the sky, and then decided to let us mere mortals in on the secret.

      --
      stuff
    2. Re:Agents everywhere by faldore · · Score: 1

      Here is what an agent is:

      An agent is made up of Sensors (which receive data from the outside world, be it physical or digital eg a camera on a robot), Actors (means by which it can change the world in some way eg wheels on a robot) percept history (things it has perceived in the past), and an algorithm for using its percept history to decide how to act to maximize its "utility" which is determined by a scoring mechanism designed by the programmer. In this way you can program autonomous objects (or robots or whatever) that can interact with a world or each other, each pursuing its own welfare without consideration to anyone else's.

    3. Re:Agents everywhere by darkewolf · · Score: 1

      Agent technology isnt all that new. I did a small research project / paper on them in my undergraduate years. Various military bodies have been using them for ages for modeling purposes.

      I think, the reason they are becoming popular again is processing power. We have grunty computer power now on the cheap as well as more intelligent programming languages (well, let me rephrase, languages that allow for quicker prototyping) thus agents have come back into play again.

      Basically, all an agent is (yes, they are a pet topic of mine) is a basic AI. One that does a single task very very very well. Intelligence is easier to program if its kept within a certain scope.

      The article is quite well written and explains a fair bit. Agents are augmentive rather than replacements. Same principle applied to certain medical Intelligent Agent projects. The Agent assists the doctor in his job (diagnostics mostly).

      Hope this helps somewhat and I hope its not too pointless.

      --
      "That is not dead which can eternal lie...."
      Nimheil
    4. Re:Agents everywhere by ngibbins · · Score: 1

      As a discipline within artificial intelligence, (multi-)agent systems are about fifteen years old, although they have roots in the distributed artificial intelligence discipline from some years beforehand.

      A seminal early paper that gives an overview of the discipline is M. Wooldridge and N.R. Jennings Intelligent Agent: Theory and Practice, The Knowledge Engineering Review, 10 (2), pp. 115-152, 1995. (postscript). Other good sources are the proceedings of the main conference series on agents, AAMAS.

    5. Re:Agents everywhere by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      Conservatism is fascism.
      Conservatism--real conservatism--is simply Libertarianism without the fanatical privatization and unrealistically laissez-faire economics. Do not confuse it with the neo-conservative agenda of the religious right.

      "Conservative" is not a synonym for "Republican."

    6. Re:Agents everywhere by aallan · · Score: 1

      Here is what an agent is: An agent is made up of Sensors...

      Err, no. Loosely, an agent is a computational entity which:

      • Acts on behalf of another entity in an autonomous fashion.
      • Performs its actions with some level of proactivity and/or responsiveness.
      • Exhibits some level of the key attributes of learning, co-operation and mobility.

      See "Software Agents: A Review", 1997, Green S., Hurst L., Nangle B, Cunningham P., Somers F., Evans R. for more details.

      Al.
      --
      The Daily ACK - Eclectic posts by yet another hacker
    7. Re:Agents everywhere by Bodrius · · Score: 1

      Err, no.

      Loosely, an agent is whatever the person writing about agents decides it to be within the given context.

      There is no consensus about what agents are.

      For some, it's about perceptors, plans and things that are perceived. For others, it's about beliefs, desires and intentions. For others it's about autonomous systems with a certain level of intentionality. For others it's just about active objects that can be mobile and communicate through some intermediate language. And yet for others it's just an approach to software modelling techniques that end up in the same old mix of active and passive objects as always.

      I'm sure I missed at least 4 or 5 interpretations that ALSO have plenty of academic literature supporting them.

      The rough division seems to be on whether an agent is an AI system (with plenty of models to choose) or whether it's a set of techniques, characteristics and software engineering approaches (also with plenty to choose) that lets us speak about software in anthropomorphic terms without messing up.

      At least that was the situation described in the literature I have read recently.

      On the other hand, if I'm wrong and the world has finally reached a consensus on what they mean when they talk about agents, be so kind as to send me the post-2002 papers announcing that. It will probably save me a lot of reading in the near future.

      --
      Freedom is the freedom to say 2+2=4, everything else follows...
  6. Interesting? by krymsin01 · · Score: 1, Funny

    Wonder how the agents decide if something is interesting or not?

    Maybe this technology will automate slashdot moderation someday ;)

    --
    stuff
    1. Re:Interesting? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

      eStar's targets are things that change radically in brightness. Intesting = variable, whereas most of the objects in the sky have constant brightness. The agents take pictures at intervals and check relative brightnesses against on-line catalogues of celestial objects.

  7. Agents have been around for a while by Dancin_Santa · · Score: 1

    The rabbit hole goes deeper than you can imagine.

    1. Re:Agents have been around for a while by AndroidCat · · Score: 1

      One of the last remaining spin-offs from Microsoft Bob. They're actually fun to play with. Useful, no. Unless you really need a voice command interface for Zork or something, then it's free. (Free as in tentacles.)

      --
      One line blog. I hear that they're called Twitters now.
  8. Intelligent? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I wish they would stop calling these things intelligent. It's clever programming, yielding programs that act more or less like a human would in a very limited domain. These programs don't have general learning capability and they don't improvise if conditions change beyond what they were designed for, things any intelligent entity should be capable of IMHO.

    Lourens

    1. Re:Intelligent? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      I wish they would stop calling these things intelligent. It's clever programming, yielding programs that act more or less like a human would in a very limited domain. These programs don't have general learning capability and they don't improvise if conditions change beyond what they were designed for, things any intelligent entity should be capable of IMHO.

      Oh, come on, that's a harsh way to talk about Slashdot posters!

    2. Re:Intelligent? by perdelucena · · Score: 1

      Like talkagent ?

      I wish someone could help me with the project....

      ----
      OK, computer

    3. Re:Intelligent? by Tibor+the+Hun · · Score: 1

      I wouldn't necessarily say they're not intelligent, right now they do work in restricted domains, but it's a good starting point.

      intelligent agents are designed to come up with their own contingency plans, and once they can do that reliably we can expand the domains.
      for example, when wright brothers had their first flight, they didn't stop there because they thought, "well gee, there's not much use in flying a plane for 12 seconds".

      all you need is a good starting point from which to improve and expand.

      --
      If you don't know what AltaVista is (was), get off my lawn.
    4. Re:Intelligent? by The+Kow · · Score: 1

      These programs don't have general learning capability and they don't improvise if conditions change beyond what they were designed for, things any intelligent entity should be capable of IMHO.

      The specifics to various agent architectures will vary wildly, but with my own experience with the Cougaar architecture, the agents are designed to a cognitive model, where they receive a task, break it up into smaller sub-tasks, assign the tasks to whatever other agents are necessary for the accomplishment of the task, then proceed to work on what's left. As they work, they monitor their own progress, and are intended to notify agents that are higher up than them that there is something wrong.

      [On a minor tangent, this sounds a lot like middle management, and while middle managers aren't the smartest, they are intelligent entities, and they don't always improvise when conditions change beyond what their job description entails. Nonetheless, we now return you to your regularly scheduled post.]

      The point here is that these agents may not be intelligent by your definition, or someone else's, or mine for that matter, but calling them intelligent agents isn't quite so offensive as some other nonsense out there. Plus, the word 'intelligent' fits what they do a lot more than something as basic as 'adaptive' or 'comprehensive'. Perhaps 'Collaborative Comprehensive Adaptive Agents' would be a better term? I'm sure that'll win over the PHBs in a heartbeat!

      --
      Moo
  9. Nostalgia trip by Max+Romantschuk · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Way back in 95(ish) I remeber this "intelligent agent" app, called Rover if I remeber correctly. It was suppose to help you searching the web (ah, the pre Google days).

    You could enter criteria, it'd crawl and you could rate the results, so it would learn to do it's thing better...

    The thing never really worked though, and I'm still waiting for my voice activated, "Grab me some information on stellar physics, and compile into a simple tutorial please." -style agent.

    OK, I'm sort of off topic here, but still, interresting ideas.

    --
    .: Max Romantschuk :: http://max.romantschuk.fi/
    1. Re:Nostalgia trip by perdelucena · · Score: 1

      Like talkagent?. Wish some people helped me with the project. --------- OK,Computer.

    2. Re:Nostalgia trip by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      http://talkagentfw.sf.net

  10. Talk about empty space... by divide+overflow · · Score: 1

    That press release is seriously lacking in substantive content. Yawn....

    1. Re:Talk about empty space... by dpp · · Score: 1

      There's more technical information about the system on the eSTAR Project home page, including screenshots and more specific details about the software.

      --
      This post is strictly my own opinion and not necessarily that of my employer.
    2. Re:Talk about empty space... by aallan · · Score: 2, Informative

      There's more technical information about the system on the eSTAR project home page, including screenshots and more specific details about the software.

      ...and due to the slashdot effect we also have a mirror.

      Al.
      --
      The Daily ACK - Eclectic posts by yet another hacker
  11. kepler by IAR80 · · Score: 2, Informative

    This sounds like a very good aplication for the Kepler mission in detecting extrasolar planets. http://www.kepler.arc.nasa.gov/

    --
    http://ebgp.net/ccc/
  12. "Intelligent Agents" by rf0 · · Score: 0, Funny

    A real intelligent agent would actually just swing the telescope round and get it to look into the nearest student nurses home :)

    Rus

  13. From the article... by RyoSaeba · · Score: 2, Interesting
    Next up: getting results sent automatically to your 2.5G/3G mobile phone (with images!)
    Is this so urgent AND important results can't wait?
    I mean, yes nice to have that pic right away, but are you gonna rush to work because some nice results came in? or do you decide it can wait till tomorrow and regular hour days?

    Jeez, i don't mind technology, but this myth of 'everything right now, even if it's ultimately not that urgent and/or important' pisses me off...

    Yes, it's offtopic.
    --
    Tsuyoikoto ha taisetsu da ne, dakedo namida mo hitsuyousa (Strength is an important thing, but tears too are necessary)
    1. Re:From the article... by WIAKywbfatw · · Score: 1

      Hmmm. There is a practical reason why this is a good thing.

      Suppose you've got telescope time booked for observing a particular galactic cluster. But, for some reason or another, observations in that direction are being hindered (cloud cover, a nearby bonfire throwing off excessive heat, etc). Well the sooner you learn about it, the sooner you can offer that time to somebody else who's interested in a different area of the night sky.

      (Plus, if you're not already there, you can save yourself a pointless round trip to the observatory/university/office/whatever.)

      Telescope time is valuable. If you can't use it, somebody else will always be grateful for it.

      --

      "Accept that some days you are the pigeon, and some days you are the statue." - David Brent, Wernham Hogg
    2. Re:From the article... by aallan · · Score: 1

      Is this so urgent AND important results can't wait? I mean, yes nice to have that pic right away, but are you gonna rush to work because some nice results came in? or do you decide it can wait till tomorrow and regular hour days?

      It can be. Some astronomical events happen very quickly, reacting fast enough could make the difference between having no data and having something that could get you a nobel. Finding an exo-planet microlensing event, or a gamma-ray quiet gamma ray burster could make someones career. Thats sort of worth gettting woken up at 4am in the morning and asked to make a go/no-go decision.

      The other reason is that telescope time is expensive, really expensive, the current generation of 8m telescopes can cost $10 per second to run (yes, really!). You don't want to waste something that expensive (and hard to get in the first place).

      Al.
      --
      The Daily ACK - Eclectic posts by yet another hacker
    3. Re:From the article... by MartyC · · Score: 1

      I can see the benefit of an SMS telling you the event has occurred so you can get to a workstation and look at the raw data yourself. But surely sending the actual data to your phone is a little over the top?

      It wasn't clear to me from the article how much reduction these agents are doing to the telescope output, but I imagine there's a good deal of difference between what they are doing and the process you follow in a thorough post-event analysis of the images/spectra/etc?

      --
      -- "Sponges grow in the ocean. I wonder how much deeper the ocean would be if that didn't happen."
    4. Re:From the article... by aallan · · Score: 2, Interesting

      It wasn't clear to me from the article how much reduction these agents are doing to the telescope output, but I imagine there's a good deal of difference between what they are doing and the process you follow in a thorough post-event analysis of the images/spectra/etc?

      Actually, no. These days most of the research class telescopes (including UKIRT and the JCMT at the Joint Astronomy Centre in Hawaii) have real time data reduction pipelines. These output publishable quality data, the days of spending six months reducing your data after coming back from an observing run aren't over yet, but we're getting there.

      The agents themselves pull the results directly off the data reduction pipeline, and perform real time analysis to see if there is anything interesting by data mining online catalogues and meta-data databases (such as CDS SIMBAD). They they can make a decision to make further observations.

      Have a look at the project website for more information.

      Al.
      --
      The Daily ACK - Eclectic posts by yet another hacker
    5. Re:From the article... by Mwongozi · · Score: 1

      Many astronomical events, such a gamma-ray bursts and supernovae, last for a very short amount of time, so it is important to get any many people observing them as possible as soon as they are detected.

      Time is indeed of the essence.

    6. Re:From the article... by MartyC · · Score: 1

      Actually, no. These days most of the research class telescopes (including UKIRT and the JCMT at the Joint Astronomy Centre in Hawaii) have real time data reduction pipelines. These output publishable quality data ...

      Is that from all instruments or just a subset? If all that's pretty impressive.

      the days of spending six months reducing your data after coming back from an observing run aren't over yet, but we're getting there.

      So what do your postgrads pretend to do now to cover up the fact that they're playing quake all day? ;)

      --
      -- "Sponges grow in the ocean. I wonder how much deeper the ocean would be if that didn't happen."
    7. Re:From the article... by CanSpice · · Score: 1
      Is that from all instruments or just a subset? If all that's pretty impressive.
      It's for all instruments. The pipeline (called ORAC-DR can reduce data from IRCAM (infrared camera that was used on UKIRT until 2002), CGS4 (spectrometer on UKIRT), UIST (imaging spectrometer with IFU on UKIRT), UFTI (infrared camera on UKIRT), Michelle (mid-infrared imaging spectrometer on UKIRT and Gemini) SCUBA (submillimetre array on JCMT), IRIS2 (imaging spectrometer on the Anglo-Australian Telescope), INGRID (infrared camera on the William Herschel Telescope), ISAAC (imaging spectrometer for the European Southern Observatory), and partially for GMOS (multi-object spectrograph and imager on Gemini), NIRI (imaging spectrometer on Gemini), and heterodyne instruments on JCMT.

      Whew. That's a lot.

      I support the UKIRT instruments, and wrote a lot of the code for IRIS2 and the heterodyne instruments on JCMT. The joy of it lies in the fact that data reduction for the vast majority of instruments is similar. For the most part, an infrared camera is an infrared camera is an infrared camera. New instruments only require a few tweaks. IRIS2 support only took a couple of weeks to get going, and now they have a fully functional data reduction pipeline for their imaging data that performs in realtime.

      Another joy lies in the infrastructure. Once you've written all kinds of file handling, calibration, and configuration code there's no need to write it all again from scratch just because you get a new instrument.

      Oh, and it's GPL.

  14. UK astronomy... by WIAKywbfatw · · Score: 4, Informative

    It looks like the UK government is about to propose legislation that would combat light pollution. This would be great for all UK astronomers, especially those of us that live in urban areas.

    When I was an undergraduate at University College London, we had to trek up tok to the university's observatory at Mill Hill (as featured in the Omen movies), to do our Practical Astronomy classes and to use the telescopes. Previously though, although how far back in time I'm not certain, the classes were taught using two telescopes housed in domes in the university's front quad, which is practically in the middle of London.

    The difference in light pollution between the two sites is amazing. Making observations of Delta Cephi (as required for one assignment, to calculate it's period) was impossible from central London but acheivable even with the naked eye at Mill Hill. Even so, the light pollution there (Mill Hill being a part of London, albeit one that's a few miles out from the centre) was still appreciable.

    It would be nice to see the stars from London again, to be able to pick out more than just a few constellations. However, I don't expect the situation to improve any time soon, if at all. I have a sneaky suspicion that the legislation will be more concerned about people who leave their garden lights shining brightly into their neighbours properties than anything else.

    --

    "Accept that some days you are the pigeon, and some days you are the statue." - David Brent, Wernham Hogg
  15. In the Previous versions of the Matrix... by rufusdufus · · Score: 1

    ...agents were known as Daemons. Being faster in thought than humans and more devious, they were appropriately described by the term Diabolical.

    The machines have become more subtle in these end times at their method of controlling our minds by corrupting our language, recasting the diabolical daemons of the netherworld as the more politically palatable and iconographically hip Intelligent Agents.

  16. Ahem... by theTerribleRobbo · · Score: 0


    ... I believe you are in dire need of this:

    Bob's Quick Guide to the Apostrophe, You Idiots.

  17. Sweet! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Tomorrow I'm changing all my tech documentation so it says "intelligent agent" rather than "program".

    Then I can demand a significant wage increase for using cool buzzwords.

  18. Alien Discovery. by AmoebafromSweden · · Score: 1

    Ok, Will we now see the Alien Invasion fleets faster?

  19. morons use pateNTdead eyecon0meter intelligence by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    it's not like you need a telescopically equipped model rocket cam, to smell which way the wind's bullowing?

    checking recent readings: get ready to see the light.

    the daze of the felonious payper liesense georgewellian fuddite southern baptist freemason ?pr? ?firm? corepirate nazi stock markup FraUD execrable, is WANing into coolapps/the abyss, at the speed of right.

    for each of the creator's innocents harmed, there is a badtoll that must/will be repaid by you/US, as the aforementioned perpetraitors of the whoreabull life0cide against humankind, will not be available to make reparations, after the big flash.

    consult with/trust in yOUR creator... more breathing... that's the spirit.

    see you there?

  20. Brings a new meaning to Skynet by skegg · · Score: 1
    The Agents can detect and respond to the rapidly changing universe faster than any human... [they] can be used to assist human observers, instead of replacing them entirely

    On August 4th, 1997, Skynet becomes self aware ...

    1. Re:Brings a new meaning to Skynet by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      ... actually, Skynet went live August 4th, but became self aware on the 29th ...

  21. Grid Computing for Astronomers by rpiquepa · · Score: 1

    You'll find some more details on my blog today, including a diagram showing how the eSTAR network operates. And you can find additional information in "Smart software watches the skies," also published today by BBC News Online.

  22. Intelligent agents by James1980 · · Score: 3, Informative

    Some of the below has been hacked from my thesis, so please excuse the lack of references (the citation have been deleted).

    When AI research began to consider the possibilities of distributed applications, the field of distributed AI (DAI) emerged. Within this field, there are three general areas: Distributed Problem Solving (DPS), Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) and Parallel AI. Agents in DPS are low-grain, often sharing common resources. Agents in a MAS are large-grain, having autonomy and heterogeneity and are typically based the psychology-based Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) model. Although the BDI model is considered a robust and flexible way of describing the internal state of intelligent agents, it is complicated and difficult to implement. This gap between BDI theory and practice means that the model has to be extended for the development of practical goal directed agents. Furthermore, there is no general architecture in MAS research. Consequently, MAS are complex to construct and are usually built for a specific purpose. They are heterogeneous, that is, an agent from one MAS is inherently incompatible with another MAS. The field of Cooperating Knowledge-Based Systems (CKBS) provides a general architecture for the development of real-world systems (for example, where database are heavily used), and inherit the benefits of DAI: modularity, parallelism and reliability (due to redundancy).

    There have been various definitions of an agent and agent-based systems. Norvig defined agents as intelligent entities that can be "viewed as perceiving its environment through sensors and acting upon its environment through effectors" Others view agents from a more practical perspective, as software engineering solutions to complex problems. The Oxford Dictionary of Computing defined an agent as 'an autonomous system that receives information from it's environment, processes it, and performs actions on that environment. Agents may have different degrees of intelligence or rationality, and may be software, hardware, or both.' The point has been made that, under the banner of 'agents', the research is truely heterogeneous.

    Four important characteristics of a MAS were identified by Sycara and these may be applied to the pragmatic CKBS perspective:
    - Each agent has incomplete information or capabilities for solving the problem and, thus, has a limited viewpoint.
    - There is no system global control.
    - Data are decentralised.
    - Computation is asynchronous.

    The InfoSleuth project stated that the use of agents provides a 'high degree of decentralisation of capabilities which is the key to system scalability and extensibility.' This is due to fewer resource limitations, fewer communication bottlenecks and the absence of a single point of failure. Furthermore, modules may be added easily, so the system is more scalable and there may be more than one agents able to perform a task; this redundancy begets reliability.

    Agents have been used in a wide variety of scenarios: manufacturing, telecommunications, air traffic control, information gathering. There are increasingly more companies involved in non-research agent activities, for example http://www.lostwax.com/.

    1. Re:Intelligent agents by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
      The Oxford Dictionary of Computing defined an agent as 'an autonomous system that receives information from it's environment, processes it, and performs actions on that environment.

      So my home thermostat is now an agent - kewl

  23. Light pollution... by Bodrius · · Score: 1

    If it can be an excuse to frequently visit Omen locations,it can't be all that bad...

    --
    Freedom is the freedom to say 2+2=4, everything else follows...
  24. How do you know? by Master+Controll+Prog · · Score: 1
    Serious question. Searching the entire site, there's no explanation of how these agents are programmed, whether they use AI, or what approach to analyzing the data are used that makes these agents better.

    Anybody got a link?

    1. Re:How do you know? by The+Kow · · Score: 1

      www.cougaar.org was where my project team found the documentation and details on the Cougaar architecture. there are also several other architectures, I believe, as the technology is still very fledgling.

      It's fascinating stuff, though, because it basically takes the human repetition out of things. For example, if you find yourself making a lot of similar software packages, all slightly different, but similar in key, identifiable ways, agents would be a good framework to do that in. There's nothing an agent can do that normal software CAN'T, but then, agents ARE software, so that's a bit of a tautology. It's similar to the fact that there's nothing OOP can do that other software can't, but its a WHOLE lot easier to conceptualize and design.

      --
      Moo
  25. This legislation won't effect UKIRT by rtv · · Score: 1

    ...because UKIRT is on top of Mauna Kea on Hawai'i.

    1. Re:This legislation won't effect UKIRT by WIAKywbfatw · · Score: 1

      I knew that but the story seemed like just as good a place as any other to mention what might be a godsend for UK astronomers who are interested in the visible wavelengths of the spectrum.

      Of course, what you failed to notice is that UKIRT wouldn't be too effected by light pollution as it's an infrared telescope (UKIRT = United Kingdom InfraRed Telescope). D'oh!

      In fact, all the telescopes mentioned by the article are UK operated but not UK sited. For example, the Liverpool Telescope is acutally in Spain, where it enjoys better observing conditions than it would in the UK. The other telescopes are in Hawaii and Australia. Again, they're situated there to take advantage of the better weather, etc that those environments offer.

      Of course, this means if you're an Astronomy postgrad in the UK, you've potentially got some great places to do some research work and surf and ski at the same time.

      --

      "Accept that some days you are the pigeon, and some days you are the statue." - David Brent, Wernham Hogg
    2. Re:This legislation won't effect UKIRT by rtv · · Score: 1

      The "it's in Hawai'i" info was for the benefit of other readers. Readers less delightedly in the know than the parent poster can find out more about UKIRT at the homepage. Also check out the other stuff going on at the (Anglo-Canadian-Dutch) Joint Astronomy Centre.