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Why Mars May Be Difficult

An anonymous reader writes with a link to this "dramatic article leading up to the three Mars probes for December/January at NASA's JPL (also hosted at Ames) on Mars risks: Two out of three missions to the red planet have failed. After 300 million miles of deep space, 'One colleague describes the entry, descent and landing as six minutes of terror,' says Dr. Firouz Naderi, manager of the Mars Program Office. Descending at 1,000 miles per hour, with only 100 seconds left at the altitude that a commercial airliner typically flies -- things need to happen in a hurry. Doesn't mention solar flares, electronics shielding, signal snags or budget tightening. The previous account listed the top 10 reasons Mars was hard in 1976."

57 comments

  1. Maybe it's our solutions? by blankinthefill · · Score: 5, Interesting

    After reading that, and seeing conceptual pictures of how these "landings" occur, I think that what makes Mars "hard" is our solutions to landing problems, and maybe even transportation. I don't know what we could do about transportation, but the landings are obviously way to stressful for delicate equipment. There has to be a better way to do it, because a landing like the one described would destroy almost anything! I don't think, therefore, that Mars itself is hard. I think it's how we access Mars that's "hard"!

    1. Re:Maybe it's our solutions? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Youre so right! I have been thinking for a while now that this hardly Rocket Science!

    2. Re:Maybe it's our solutions? by TowerTwo · · Score: 4, Insightful

      I never considered MARS or anywhere else, MOON or otherwise as easy. Before the 'New World' was found how many explorers and and their kin died.

      All astronaughts know, the moment they step into a craft of any kind may be their last, their families do too. It's why Christa Maculafs backup said the next day after the Challenger disaster, I would go up tomorrow if asked, we know and she knew the risks of space travel.

      The exploration of the world is now the exploration of the universe. There will be the next James Town on Mars and others.

      This is the price and reward or exploration.

      Steven

    3. Re:Maybe it's our solutions? by matzim · · Score: 5, Insightful
      After reading that, and seeing conceptual pictures of how these "landings" occur, I think that what makes Mars "hard" is our solutions to landing problems, and maybe even transportation. I don't know what we could do about transportation, but the landings are obviously way to [sic] stressful for delicate equipment.

      Consider the following:

      • These probes are traveling to Mars at (least) 19,300 km/hr.
      • It needs to travel that fast to get out of Earth's gravitational field and orbit.
      • The only economically feasible way to slow down a craft going that speed is aerobraking.
      • You need to be in a planet's atmosphere to aerobrake.
      • Mars' atmosphere is (at most) a few hundred kilometers thick.
      • Anything going that fast isn't going to have a long time to slow down.

      Thus the problem is unavoidable-- you must go from 19,300 km/hr to 0 km/hr in a matter of minutes. If you can think of a method to do that that's less "stressful" than NASA's, we're all eager to hear it.

    4. Re:Maybe it's our solutions? by kippy · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Agreed. Of course getting to Mars is hard. Getting into low earth orbit was hard. Sailing across an ocean was hard. Adapting to a colder environment when migrating from Africa was hard. I hope that defeatist attitudes aren't widespread in govenrment and NASA about getting to Mars.

      There will be risks, engineering chalanges, and deaths but this is already the case with NASA. Think Apollo. The fact is, pusing the envelope of human civilization will never be "easy".

    5. Re:Maybe it's our solutions? by Zordak · · Score: 2, Informative
      way to[o] stressful for delicate equipment.
      The cheap electronics you buy at Radio Shack are delicate. Instruments used in space applications are not delicate. Much of what it can survive would kill you.
      --

      Today's Sesame Street was brought to you by the number e.
    6. Re:Maybe it's our solutions? by 100lbHand · · Score: 1

      TowerTwo wrote:
      There will be the next James Town on Mars and others.


      Let's hope there isn't a Roanoke too.

      CROATAN!

      --
      "I'm not high, just stupid" --JY
    7. Re:Maybe it's our solutions? by tibike77 · · Score: 1

      Phisics 101...
      "It needs to travel that fast to get out of Earth's grav-field" simply means that it needs that much speed initially to get out of it at almost zero speed... duh.
      Coming closer to Mars will accelerate the craft (obviously) back to higher speeds.
      And now, take into account extra thrust on route.

      So, actually, it's the time we are willing to wait until the probes reach Mars that's setting the tempo (and the various other things like thruster power, fuel reserves, etc)

      There ARE ways to do this "softer", they ARE "economically feasable"... but they're time-consuming.

      MY TAKE on this?
      Aerobraking with a twist: use a "aerobrake blade" instead of "punch aerobrake" methods -> put the craft in a blade-like sheath that will take it several times through Mars' atmosphere "bending" the trajectory while slowing down, going in and out of the thin atmosphere at three-two-one weeks intervals, then when it slowed down enough it can land by GLIDING instead of CRASHING.
      It takes at least an extra two months per landing, but is a lot "easier" for the craft...

      --
      By reading this signature you agree to not disagree with the post you just read.
    8. Re:Maybe it's our solutions? by Grab · · Score: 1

      Quick review - back in 1969, three guys landed on the Moon. They had the same escape velocity that a Mars mission would, and they had *no* aerobraking. Flipping the ship round and using the main rocket for braking worked just fine, and no Apollo mission crashed on landing. On the plus side, gravity was a lot less, but the main problem here seems to be the approach speed rather than gravity. So maybe the issue is the solution chosen, not the mission itself.

      Re aerobraking, there's no law that says you have to touch down in minutes. If you want to be cost-effective, you swing round the atmosphere for a few months until your speed is reduced. If you want to be time-effective, you retain a load of fuel after launch so that you can land directly.

      The further problem is that this gear is dumb, so even a minor problem like a loose bolt isn't fixable. Ironically, although a manned mission would be significantly more expensive, its chances of success are much greater because humans can adapt. A manned mission would need a closed environment with full recycling over that time period, so an extra month or two up there waiting for the ship to slow down is not a big deal.

      Grab.

    9. Re:Maybe it's our solutions? by Suidae · · Score: 1

      Additionally, to reply to a different post, its not dumb either, the failure modes of most of this stuff is better than most of the best of commercial software.

    10. Re:Maybe it's our solutions? by sql*kitten · · Score: 1

      hope that defeatist attitudes aren't widespread in govenrment and NASA about getting to Mars

      OK, but look at source of these articles NASA. An organization that, these days, is about protecting bureaucratic empires, not about exploration. What NASA would love is for actual space operations to be suspended for a few decades, yet have unlimited funding for conducting "studies" and "risk assessments".

      These days, the NASA behemoth is the world's biggest obstacle to space exploration. The sooner it's dismantled, or at the very least its entire management gutted and replaced, the sooner we'll see some progress.

  2. Mars Express still on target. by perly-king-69 · · Score: 2, Informative

    The European Mars Express is still on course for a Christmas Day encounter with Mars.

    --

    --
    This sig is inoffensive.

    1. Re:Mars Express still on target. by Councilor+Hart · · Score: 1
      Perhaps I am stupid, or I just don't understand certain nuances of english language.
      I RTFA, and I am in doubt.
      It says 2 out of 3 mission failed.
      But 2 out of 3 missions since whenever we started or 2 out of the three 3 currently on route? The latter would leave the european one still working, the first would leave us with 1 (US) dead, two (US and EU) on route. And wasn't there also 1 (japanese) craft about wich I don't know the current status?
      TFA also described the landing sequence of one of the pods, wich is still to occur (somewhere in december/january) leaving me with the impression that the hard part, and thus a (great) risk of failure is still ahead of us.
      So please enlighten me...

      Or am I not stupid, and should I just have said?:
      RTFA

    2. Re:Mars Express still on target. by Peter+Millerchip · · Score: 2, Informative

      My understanding of the article is that of all the missions that have ever been launched to Mars since the start of space travel in the 50's, around 66% of them have failed.

      I don't think it means that there were three specific missions, and two of these have failed - I just think it means the overall ratio of failures has been fairly high, which means that getting to the surface of Mars safely seems to be a hard problem at the moment.

    3. Re:Mars Express still on target. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

      It has just sent pictures of Mars back.

      Pictures From UK's Beagle 2

  3. Re:idjits working in English units by JohnFluxx · · Score: 1

    Uh, the problem was that the contractors did it in metric, and not imperial.

    Besides England uses metric not imperial these days.

  4. Top 10 Reasons Mars is Difficult by AtariAmarok · · Score: 4, Funny

    10. "Damn cell phone won't work up here!"
    9. Mars needs women. Stay home, Joe.
    8. It's the Red Planet. Capitalist running-dog lackey not welcome.
    7. Ever since I saw that awful movie that had Arnold with the bug-eyes, I just can't look at the place again.
    6. The hassle of Martian businesses having to change 24/7 on their promotional material to 25/7.
    5. Disney owns it already, why bother.
    4. When you get a hole in the housing module, you can't go to Wal-Mart for ductape.
    3. SCC got their first, just in case a mars mission tried to use Linux.
    2. They don't take American Express.
    1. Val Kilmer's rabid robot dog is still running loose, last time I heard.
    0. "Angry Red Planet"? Forget it, I have too much stress already.

    --
    Don't blame Durga. I voted for Centauri.
    1. Re:Top 10 Reasons Mars is Difficult by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Sir, I feel it necessary to bring to your attention the fact that you have listed the top eleven reasons Mars is difficult.

      Perhaps I should abstain from programming for awhile... everything starts to look like zero-based arrays once you've been staring at a couple of thousand of lines of Perl for six hours...

    2. Re:Top 10 Reasons Mars is Difficult by kalidasa · · Score: 4, Funny

      -1. 545 months a year - you've GOT to be kidding me?
      -2. Whaddya mean, less than 2 days a month.
      -3. Whaddya mean, those are both the LONG month?

    3. Re:Top 10 Reasons Mars is Difficult by ZerroDefex · · Score: 1

      Last I checked, Mars rotated at nearly the same speed as Earth. Sure you haven't confused it with Venus?

    4. Re:Top 10 Reasons Mars is Difficult by kalidasa · · Score: 1

      Rotates at 1.02 Days[E]. But Phobos-months are 0.32 Days[E], Deimos-months are 1.26 Days[E], and Mars-years are 1.88 Years[E].

    5. Re:Top 10 Reasons Mars is Difficult by mbstone · · Score: 1

      -4. Crewmembers on a manned mission to Mars would necessarily have to eat and drink recycled stuff that you or I would probably not want to eat or drink.

  5. difficulties by mOoZik · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Space travel is a cruel mistress. There are so many factors in complicated missions like these that any success is closer to a statistical anomaly than achievement, figuratively speaking. During launch, the payload can be stressed to a breaking point, and many satellites have died this way. Even though there are measures in place to minimize these, there is still a probability that in the long run, something may become disabled as a result. Furthermore, there is a tremendous amount of radiation outside of our comfort zone, not to mention stray particles roaming empty space. When traveling at those speeds, in excess of 10,000 MPH, even a grain of sand can spell doom or at least have damaging effects. Then comes the delicate process of landing the thing, which further pounds the payload with extreme G forces, heat, and vibration. Couple this with a 20 minutes latency of communication, and you end up with an expensive toy at the mercy of computers and sensors.

    And it doesn't help if idiots on Earth submit values in Imperial when the craft needs Metric, or vice versa. :D

    1. Re:difficulties by whome · · Score: 4, Interesting

      The article mentions various technical reasons why Mars is hard, but Mars missions actually have a far worse success record than missions to any other location in space. NASA people joke (or used to joke) that Mars was protected from intruding spacecraft by the "Great Galactic Ghoul."

      I have my own theory about why Mars has such a bad record. Although Mars is the closest planet to the Earth, it is in one respect the most inaccessible . Mars has the least frequent launch window of any major object in the Solar System, it coming around only once every 26 months. This means that any engineer who reports that one section is not quite ready to go, or could use more testing, becomes responsible for a delay of almost 2 1/2 years. Obviously, there are considerable career and institutional reasons not to do so.

      This factor will have to be dealt with carefully on an institutional level if a manned Mars mission is attempted, or astronauts will certainly die.

  6. Re:idjits working in English units by Cujo · · Score: 1

    Please, no more lame references to the MCO loss! this was NOT because people didn't know that Newtons and Pounds aren't the same thing, but because two different organizations use the different units, and the software interface between them didn't do the conversion.

    --

    Helium balloons want to be free.

  7. The spelling nazi strikes by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "got their first" > "got THERE first"

  8. NASA obesity by gnalre · · Score: 3, Interesting
    What's inside the airbag weighs 453 kilograms (half a ton)


    Maybe thats what NASA has been doing wrong

    Beagle 2 weighs 33.2 Kg

    Time will tell...
    --
    Choose your allies carefully, it is highly unlikely you will be held accountable for the actions of your enemies
    1. Re:NASA obesity by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I saw a story about the European and US projects to gather samples form a passing comet - the European module launched a probe, which landed on the comet, drilled for specimens, before returning to the module for the trip home. The American project fired a huge metal plug at the comet and tried to catch samples as the debris scattered.

  9. the REAL problem with Mars... by Tumbleweed · · Score: 4, Funny

    ...is those Martian "evil-doers" that keep shooting down our spacecraft. It's time to assemble another Coalition of the Willing(tm)!

  10. Re:idjits working in English units by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    Besides England uses metric not imperial these days.

    Speak for yourself.. I'm English, 6'4" tall, weigh 13st, and drive miles to work each day.
    Metres? Kilos? Kilometres? Pshaw, I can't be bothered to use them or figure out what they're worth in "real units", despite the best efforts of the BBC pro-metric propaganda unit..

  11. Mod Parent Up. It's Funny! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Like I said, mod this up it's FUNNY! LAugh!

  12. Re:idjits working in English units by zulux · · Score: 0, Offtopic

    Agreed...

    My "7 inch schlong" sounds so much more manly than my "14.5 centemeter prick".

    --

    Moneyed corporations, non-working 'poor' and criminal prisoners are turning productive citizens into tax-slaves.

  13. Because it is hard by Gecedion · · Score: 1

    Another reason is that getting to Mars is hard. Well we didn't go to the moon because it was easy did we?

    1. Re:Because it is hard by hplasm · · Score: 1

      "We choose to do these things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard.." sound familiar? Sounds like a good reason for doing things like going to Mars, to me..

      --
      ...and he grinned, like a fox eating shit out of a wire brush.
  14. Re:idjits working in English units by linoleo · · Score: 3, Funny


    My "7 inch schlong" sounds so much more manly than my "14.5 centemeter prick".

    Agreed...

    especially since 14.5 cm is less than 6 inches.

    - nic

    --
    Be faithful to your obsessions. Identify them and be faithful to them, let them guide you like a sleepwalker. JG Ballard
  15. It seems to me by falcon5768 · · Score: 2, Interesting
    that the list reads like the same list they had for moon landing, except we where both

    A) pushed to do a moon landing

    B) came up with much better solutions than the quacks running nasa came up with (and I mean the clueless managers, cause im sure there are much better ways to land that the managers nixed cause of cost.)

    What it boils down to though is that the additude in Nasa now has to change before we do anything about going to mars. Its not the same one as was around durring the 60's Nasa has become bloated and stagnant. Truth be told, I almost hope the chineese do it first, because at least they get the point of space exploration now.

    --

    "Slashdot, where telling the truth is overrated but lying is insightful."

  16. our tech sux by demo9orgon · · Score: 1, Insightful

    We need self-healing technologies.
    They don't come from space. We need to make them here.
    We can test them in a variety of environments, cheaply.

    If we, the collective humanity, can stop wasting money making faltering attempts at greatness and just set reasonable goals (sustainable deep-ocean habitats,sustainable polar habitats, better/safer/reliable energy) and create the technologies necessary to make them happen _here_ we will flourish anywhere.

    Until then, it's all hand-waving and one-upmanship nationalistic stupidity.

    I'd rather see a handful of "Burt Rutans" than a hundred NASA's.

    Not only would it be more efficient, but with the lack of red-tape/buckpassing/budget-crap something like "progress" might actually take place.

    Personally, I think the governments of the world are scared to death of people getting out of their reach. Governments, like any entity, don't like to lose their source of wealth and power and they absolutely hate competition.

    I'm probably repeating myself here. That's ok. Everyone who frequents slashdot understands the value of repetition (esp. the editors).

    --
    Every new form of media has it's own Requirimento
    1. Re:our tech sux by Jesrad · · Score: 1

      Personally, I think the governments of the world are scared to death of people getting out of their reach. Governments, like any entity, don't like to lose their source of wealth and power and they absolutely hate competition.

      Ever tried to "opt-out" of the tax/public services system ? You cannot, you're tossed in jail. Ever tried to do away from the government's money monopoly ? Same result. Many people tried to create their own countries, so far only one managed to do it (Major Bates with the Sealand Principality). All the others were destroyed / annexed by nearby sovereign nations.

      Before space travel and space settling become cheap enough that individuals can afford it, there'll be governmental backlashes, attempts to regulate and control it all. Bureaucracy will strangle everything out of fear.

      --
      Maybe we deserve this world ?
  17. Re:Damn EuroTrash Troll by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
    I said this before but...

    I don't AC on political forums, of course I don't read them for the technology info either. I like to post, but I make an effort not to flame people for just being from a particular country, or religion. Don't blame me if you like to piss in your own bath water.

    A temple is a place were Jewish people go to pray. The places that have been burning all over Europe again. I am not Jewish, but I don't like what's happening. Clearly nationlism is on the rise in Europe. In another post you say the totalianism can be a good thing, that is very very scary to those of us who love freedom.

  18. Re:idjits working in English units by mlush · · Score: 1
    Speak for yourself.. I'm English, 6'4" tall, weigh 13st, and drive miles to work each day.

    I'm English 6'1 weigh 18st and travel in miles... but when I get to work its metric all the way

    Its strange for me I emote in imperial and work in metric

  19. Re:Damn EuroTrash Troll by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0
    The rise of Nationalism is directly related to the rise of the "one Europe" idea. If you thought that the IRA was bad, just wait. If anything the fact that the governments are "left-leaning" will piss them off more.

    The definition of Totalitarianism means "complete control" of every aspect of society (religion, education, business, etc), they leave little for anyone but their henchmen. I think that you mean "dictator". Augustus Ceaser was from what I know fairly enlightened, Julius Ceaser might have done a couple of decent things for balance, but the vast majority of dictators sucked. Of course, there are some dictators who have the best intrest of the people at heart, but they are rare and even if they are ok then what comes after them is usually trouble.

    A favorite saying by mild bigots in this country: "Blacks are some of my best friends". I don't really want to go back through your post, but I got the feeling that you were, maybe I just assumed that because you are European, you are against Israel's right to exist, most of you seem to be. Was I way over generalizing, yes, perhaps I was even bringing in a different argument. perhaps I was even making an over-generalized inflamatory political statement. But a "man with no eyes" can't tell the difference.

  20. Single Event Upsets... by OneOver137 · · Score: 1

    shouldn't be the cause of much distress these days unless they cut corners somewhere. Stuff designed in the 1980s has no problem handling these situations. One way to remedy the situation is an autonomous reboot of the affected processor.

  21. Re:idjits working in English units RANT by Scrameustache · · Score: 1

    Uh, the problem was that the contractors did it in metric, and not imperial.

    No, the problem was that the contractors used imperial while NASA works in Internation Units.

    In fact, its not just NASA, its almost the entire world.
    I still can't believe the U.S. chickened out of the switch. Canada and Mexico didn't!

    And BTW:
    How much do you weight in meters?
    How many centimeters does it take for water to boil?

    Its the International Unit System, not the Metric System...

    --

    You can't take the sky from me...

  22. Re:idjits working in English units RANT by JohnFluxx · · Score: 1

    After searching for 10 mins on google, I can't find anything to back up my claims, but....

    I thought what had happened was that the (imperial) contractors had converted their answers to metric, and passed that to the other team. The other team assumed the answers were in imperial, and converted _again_.

    Or something.

    (so I agree with you btw)

  23. Re:idjits working in English units by Alsee · · Score: 1

    Inches, centimeteres, Bah! I measure mine in furlongs and I do it for fortnights!

    -

    --
    - - You can't take something off the Internet! That's like trying to take pee out of a swimming pool.
  24. Re:idjits working in English units by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    THANK YOU!

  25. Aw ... Is It Too Hard for Ooo? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Didn't someone, back when I was young, say something like: "We choose to go to the Moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy but because they are hard"?

  26. Moon Landing by Detritus · · Score: 1
    You've forgotten about the large number of unmanned spacecraft that missed the Moon entirely or underwent catastrophic disassembly (splat) on the surface of the Moon.

    Space is hard. Making unsupported and unwarranted allegations about the incompetance of NASA managers is easy.

    --
    Mea navis aericumbens anguillis abundat
    1. Re:Moon Landing by falcon5768 · · Score: 1
      hmmm i dont know if you have your facts straight, only 2 spacecraft have missed the moon that i know of and one one was from the US, and all but one of the space probes that went splat, as you call it, went splat becuase they where purposely testing the soil content of the moon and how much dust there really was... remeber we thought there was a huge layer of dust on the surface.

      And its been well documented the icompetence of NASA managers in recent years, you could even go to B&N and pick up the NASA investigation reports of Challanger and Columbia, which where both problems that where agervated by managers not listening to the engineers. the crew running NASA now are not the same as the crew who got us to the moon, which is a shame.

      --

      "Slashdot, where telling the truth is overrated but lying is insightful."

  27. 33%. Ouch. by lordjake · · Score: 1

    A one out of three success rate is- to be brutally honest- just a little pathetic. The moon probes back in the fifties and sixties had a much higher success rate. This is of course due to the shorter distance, lower delta v, and all that. But unless there's a higher success rate, it wouldnt really be feasible for a government to send people up there. Because of all those unreasonable demands of the astronauts (keep us alive, send us back to Earth, et cetera) a Mars mission would be prohibitively expensive... and there isn't the same political impetus from the olden days. Although if another space race develops against China, there may eventually be more interest.