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Giant International Fusion Reactor Draws Nearer

nnnneedles writes "BBC is reporting that scientists are deciding on where to build the world's first big fusion reactor. The international effort is described as the boldest nuclear initiative since the Manhattan Project, and holds promise for future unlimited, clean energy. The choice on where to build the reactor currently stands between Japan and France, but apparantly, the U.S. is opposing a french site because France opposed the war in Iraq." There's also an AP story.

23 of 967 comments (clear)

  1. waiting for Godot... by endoboy · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Fabulous concept, but we've been 20+ years from having fusion power for about 50 years now... Of course, "we can do it in 20 years" is bureaucrat speak for "we don't have a clue, but why don't you give us some money anyway...."

    1. Re:waiting for Godot... by jd · · Score: 4, Insightful
      Building a stable, sustained, controllable fusion reaction is relatively easy. That isn't, and never has been, the problem. You contain the plasma in a magnetic field that has a single half-twist in it.

      That was solved by the Russians many decades ago. The only problems they had before then were the appearance of regions of instabilities - the plasma would pinch itself off at certain points. Switching from a ring to a torus solved this problem.

      Ok, so why don't we have fusion reactors? Because to build them powerful enough to generate more energy than they consume has been cost-prohibitive.

      All anyone really -needed- to do was build a reactor similar to the UK's JET reactor, but a few thousand times larger, and with magnetic fields many orders of magnitude stronger.

      You also want to start it from very cold. The idea here is to pack as many protons into the reactor as you can. The colder they are, the more you can pack in.

      Once you ignite your super-cold plasma, the nuclei are already much closer together, and can't move apart (density too high, plus magnetic field containing the plasma). Your ideal starting material would be a Bose-Einstein Condensate. You cannot get a better density than that, using just conventional means.

      This is why you'd need the stupendous magnetic fields. What I'm suggesting is not fusion of a low-density gas, but fusion of a pseudo-liquid or pseudo-solid. To retain that kind of density, when the material is undergoing fusion, would require fields vastly greater than those currently used in fusion research.

      The longest-lasting fusion reaction so far demonstrated is that of the hydrogen bomb. The reason it works better than the research reactors is that the designers wanted to maximise the energies, not keep them within a level that can be controlled on some PhD grant.

      The idea of my little idea above is to go the same direction. Forget the design parameters, get the energies to where we know sustained fusion will take place, and then figure out how to keep the thing from splitting the planet in half.

      With this kind of physics, this is the only way you can work. Single-team budgets will never yield enough cash to do what you want, so instead of "making do" with what you have, go for something that'll work well and make it irresistable for investors.

      What I am picturing eventually happening is someone building a reactor comparable in height to the proposed "Freedom Tower" (French Tower? :) - about 1700 feet - and then about 1700 feet in radius.

      Why so big? Well, the actual core - where the reaction would take place - would be very small. It doesn't need to be any larger than current systems. However, you have four other important components to consider.

      First, the electromagnets. We want something that'll contain a fusion reaction in what would be hydrogen metal, if there were any electrons present. Even without fusion, the pressures involved are going to be substantial. The idea of the supercooling is to keep the pressures within reasonable limits, prior to fusion taking place.

      But once fusion starts - at that density, you'd be looking at the kind of energy released in a few dozen hydrogen bombs, and you're trying to keep it compressed to something the size of a small two-storey house. Besides cost and effort, the other reason research reactors use gas is to keep the speed of the reaction slow. We're talking about throwing that out the window, and letting the reaction run as hot as we can possibly contain.

      The way you'd work it is, once the reaction is started, expand the bubble the reaction is in, rapidly. The reaction is then uniform, but is slowed down by the expansion. Hopefully, by enough that you can keep the thing from either exploding or shutting down.

      The second problem is getting "spent" fuel out. The larger a nucleus becomes, the l

      --
      It's a small world and it smells funny; I'd buy another if it wasn't for the money; Take back what I paid (SoM)
  2. Childish behavior by nempo · · Score: 4, Insightful
    The choice on where to build the reactor currently stands between Japan and France, but apparantly, the U.S. is opposing a french site because France opposed the war in Iraq.


    Not to sound like an ass or something but this seems like a really childish behaviour.
    --
    --- No, english is not my mother tongue.
  3. Re:Why is this About US Opposing French Site ? by Ataraxy+Oyez · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Everyone opposed the Iraq war, even Britain. The only difference is a handful of chicken countries (Britain being the largest) cow-towed for financial or political reasons because the U.S. wields the biggest stick.

  4. Don't be stupid by FredFnord · · Score: 5, Insightful

    It's not because they are peace-loving (France doesn't exactly qualify, historically), and it doesn't even have much to do with them not supporting the war in Iraq, though that made a good litmus test.

    Basically, the current US administration wants to hurt, as badly as is conveniently possible, and as often as is conveniently possible, any county that does not cooperate fully with the whims of the US government. Regardless of the convictions and ideals of the populace or the government.

    So, since France's people overwhelmingly did not want to be a party to the war in Iraq, and because France's government actually listened to its people, instead of listening primarily to the US and only secondarily to its people, it is clear that France is not sufficiently in thrall to the US, and therefor must be punished.

    Iraq was just a test. France failed.

    Or passed, depending on your viewpoint.

    -fred

    --
    Sign #11 of Slashdot overdose: You see the phrase 'moderate Republican' and you wonder if that would be a +1 or a -1.
  5. Ah, Politics by ThisIsFred · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Who in the US administration actually stated that the US opposed a French site because of their opposition to the war in Iraq? What does this have to do with Iraq!? Wouldn't France be the obvious choice? The French have the most experience, e.g. keeping a whole country full of fission reactors humming along.

    --
    Fred

    "A fool and his freedom are soon parted"
    -RMS
  6. Re:Childish behavior? by adrianbaugh · · Score: 4, Insightful

    How do you reach that conclusion exactly? Other than not supporting a war without a second resolution I haven't noticed the French supporting much terrorism. You never hear people in Camp X-Ray breaking down and saying "okay, I give in. M. Chirac made me do it."
    France does have a large muslim population due to its old (fairly disastrous) colonial association with Algeria but, as many people have pointed out, muslim != terrorist. I'm sure France is making every effort to root out any terrorists that may be hiding there.
    There is far more evidence for active terrorist cells in Frankfurt, Hamburg and Birmingham than France. That doesn't make Germany an untrustworthy country, either.

    --
    "'I pass the test,' she said. 'I will diminish, and go into the West, and remain Galadriel.'"
    - JRR Tolkien.
  7. Re:Hot fusion is not "clean" nuclear power. by rtaylor · · Score: 4, Insightful

    No, fusion is not clean if you look at a short timeline. I understand the irradiated components will become safe within 100 years, and can be recycled at that time.

    So, if a reactor is active for 30 years, stored for 100, then recycled into a newer model I think we're doing pretty good.

    There isn't much we do that has an effect on the local environment (inside the structure only!) for that short of a timeframe.

    If you consider this prototype is 500MW and nuclear reactor prototypes are 500kw to 1MW -- with production being close to 1GW... I predict a fusion reactor with 1TW output levels within 50 years.

    --
    Rod Taylor
  8. Europe did it first... by mlg9000 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    For all those that are undoubtely going to post something about how America and President Bush in particular are evil for doing something like this here's a little factoid:

    Europe did it first to Spain for it's SUPPORT of the Iraq war. If you don't believe me here's a link (NYT -registration required etc..):

    http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/27/international/ eu rope/27BRIE5.html?ex=1072069200&en=bf36a06d6e81a8a b&ei=5070

    Not that's I'd expect Slashdot (or the BBC) to get the whole story. As much as I like Slashdot this place is definitely ultra liberal and has an agenda to go with that... so always helps to verify anything you hear on this first before you believe it. (As everyone should on ALL media sources before they go spouting it as fact)

  9. Re:Even Donald Rumsfeld..... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    and after all the blood we poored for them in WWII.

    Yeah, after somebody else started shooting at you first... Unlike other countries, such as most of the commonwealth countries.

    I mean sure, Nazi Germany probably would have one if the US hadn't gotten involved, but stop acting like the allies one JUST because of the US. The US sluffed off and stayed out of most of the war, and it's contributions were no where NEAR as overwhelming as you seem to be implying. The US didn't - and COULDN'T have - won WWII on their own.

    And frankly, I think the French leaders show some backbone in telling the US "We don't agree, now go away" on ANY issue.

  10. Thank You Slashstupid.... by Dolphinzilla · · Score: 5, Insightful

    I am so sick of the how the stories that get posted on Slashdot always have some wording to get this site going on a political bent. This story could have stimulated some interesting technical discussion - but because it had a tag line that mentioned the French / American thing, it will degrade into yet another Slashdot American / European / Asian / etc. bashing....
    Please PLEASE keep it about "News for Nerds" and "Stuff that Matters"

  11. How do they know? by mc6809e · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The article asserts that the US is opposing the France option because of the Iraq war.

    Just because some reporter makes this claim doesn't make it true. What is the source of this? There is nothing in the article to back it up. Maybe the claim comes from a source that is simply guessing as to the US's motives. Maybe the source is trying to divert attention from legitimate objections by claiming this is all politically motivated. We don't know.

    Take this article with a grain of salt.

  12. Re:Why is this About US Opposing French Site ? by AllUsernamesAreGone · · Score: 5, Insightful

    "If a country (and by this I refer to the elected government) sends troops to fight and possibly be killed then I say no, they did not oppose the war."

    Nice rhetoric, now try to look at what the people in those countries thought. In the UK Blair went against the wishes of a vast tract of the British public, cabinet ministers resigned over it and it came close (unfortunately not close enough) to destroying his career. He basically acted like a dictator, overriding the wishes of the country. The same thing happened in Spain, where Aznar faced huge opposition from the public. The story is repeated in every country that "supported" the US: in Turkey the pulic opposition was near universal (98% opposition in one poll).

    No, the spineless governments decided to play nice with the new global empire.

  13. Re:Even Donald Rumsfeld..... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    yes, because french restraunts in the US are not actually owned and run by french nor do they employ french..

    So basically the US constitution applies equally to everybody. Inalienable rights, as long as your ancestors were not from France? At one point the US stood for freedom and equality. Quite a shame that it's degraded to this. A person from France can move to the US, attain citizenship, yet because of their name, accent, or history they will be boycotted? I have no problem with you or anyone shunning somebody based on their beliefs or actions. But if you shun someone based on their heredity, that makes you a bigot. Either treat people equally or move to another country where they don't have such a constitution.

    Or are you so deluded as to believe that a person's cultural background always implies that they mimic the opinions of that culture's leaders?

  14. whyh are the two storys so different? by defwu · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The AP story doesn't prominently mention the us objection to France because of their object to the war in Iraq. Conversly, the BBC story makes ABSOLUTELY NO MENTION of what the "us objections" actually are. I have not been able to find any credible mention of who and what the actual objections are. Is this just a quote from someone with an axe to grind?

    The technical aspects of this are much more interesting than the political ones.

    Technology will always devolve to the least common denominator. Polictics will always devolve to the marginalized just bitching.

    --
    If at first you don't succeed, redefine 'success'
  15. Re:Even Donald Rumsfeld..... by God!+Awful+2 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    England, Canada, Australia all joined the war after Germany had attacked 2 countries. The US waited and waited and didn't join the war until they were eventually attacked. Why? Because the majority of the US public was opposed to the war.

    In the case of Iraq, a slim majority of the American populace was in favour of the war. In many other countries, public opinion was almost unanimously against the war, and yet the US berates them for not supporting it.

    -a

  16. Re:Even Donald Rumsfeld..... by rsidd · · Score: 4, Insightful
    You're almost certainly American. (You could be a particularly obnoxious Brit, I guess.)

    Your email address suggests you could have Indian origin. I'm from India, and even during the worst India-Pakistan tension I never saw the sort of crap in the Indian press about Pakistan that I continue to see in the US press (even "liberal" media like the New York Times) on a daily basis. At exactly the time when the US media was reporting on French exchange students being refused accommodation with American families, the Indian media was full of goodwill stories about a Pakistani girl who was undergoing a heart operation in India.

    I lost all illusion of the US being a progressive country when I saw that anti-French onslaught. It's not just the Bushies, it's the entire media.

  17. Re:Why is this About US Opposing French Site ? by tealover · · Score: 4, Insightful

    What the US is doing here is ridiculous. Oppose the French solution, fine, but do it for technical or financial reasons, not political ones. The US is the only country doing this, which is even worse.

    If this is what the US is doing, it is no different than what the EU did when it choose the French site over the Spanish site. The EU chose the French site over Spain because Spain supported the Iraq war.

    If you don't like the injection of politics into matters of science, I'm sure you'll rebuke the EU for what they did to Spain.

    Or perhaps you'll ignore it since it fits into your worldview.

    --
    -- You see, there would be these conclusions that you could jump to
  18. Why do I bother...? by thatguywhoiam · · Score: 4, Insightful
    I really don't know why.

    Excuse me but what statistics have you read? The war was probably about a 50/50 split in the US. Where did this slim minority BS come from?

    Ok, so where are your stats.

    Yes the many other Islamic countries were against the war. Islam has taken over 100 countries in the world now. If they feel threatened by anyone dealing with another Islamic country, then that's life.

    There are a few interesting things I'd like to point out here. First, your use of 'taken over' in reference to Islam. How many countries has Christianity 'taken over'? Why do you think the country has been captured by a religion? And which hundred countries do you suppose this has happened to? I bet you can't name a dozen.

    As far as France, Russia and Germany, yes they also didn't want the war. They were supplying Saddam and were owed billions. They still are. People forget that France was making the planes that Iraq used to gas its own people. That is why there was so much pressure against it. Those countries stood to lose money they were owed if the US invaded. You people are so easily swayed by propaganda instead of looking at facts that you really piss me off.

    Ah, yes. It pisses me off too, which is why I'm replying to your bad information.

    France, Russia, China, the USA, and Germany have all provided military equipment to Iraq. The USA has additionally outfitted Iran and several neighbours. The Russians, Germans, and French are owed money largely for infrastructure, electrical generators, sanitation equipment, and the like. But get this straight - no one is innocent in this, and the USA is certainly, far and away, the worst offender.

    The helicopters - not planes - that Saddam used to gas the Kurds were from Bell Helicopter Textron and Hughes, which are both US companies. Any planes Saddam had have been grounded (and indeed, literally buried) since the No-Fly Zone was established after Gulf War 1.

    So go check out that link and educate yourself, before the next time you go spouting off about things you know nothing about.

    Fuck France

    Oh, you don't want to get into that. France has much more effective curses to hurl back at you.

    --
    If Jesus wants me it knows where to find me.
  19. Re:Even Donald Rumsfeld..... by gaijin99 · · Score: 4, Insightful
    Basically they are saying our schools are secular and so all religious identity is banned. I really don't have a problem with that. People can believe what they like but I don't want it forced on me
    You've fallen into the same trap that the Fantatical Minority (or Religious Right as they choose to call themselves) has. Seeing a symbol (or person, or activity) that you disapprove of isn't having it "forced on you". A Christian wearing a cross, or a Muslum wearing a veil, neither of these are people trying to force their religion on you, they're simply practicing it. You can consider it obnoxious, or irritating, or whatever, but it doesn't infringe on your rights. Exactly the same way that when one of the Fanatical Minority sees a gay couple walking hand in hand it offends them, but it doesn't infringe on their rights.

    More to the point, I can't agree with you that a public school can force a person to behave in a secular manner any more than I cann accept that a public school could force someone to behave in a religous manner. Forcing someone *not* to wear a cross is identical to forcing someone *to* wear a cross. Its religious oppression either way you look at it.

    --
    "Mission Accomplished" -- George W. Bush May 1, 2003
  20. Re:Check your facts.... by God!+Awful+2 · · Score: 4, Insightful


    I don't consider 72% in favor of a "slim majority"...

    Sure, maybe 72% were in favour of the war after the invasion had begun. That is because 10-20% of Americans appear to be mindless automatons who automatically support their president during wartime (a sensability that is much lauded by the American media).

    In the weeks and months leading up to the war, public opinion fluctuated daily (also depending heavily on what question was asked). Go read some of the other surveys on the site you referred to, including this one, taken shortly before the war began, in which the exact words "slim majority" are used to describe support for an invasion without a new UN resolution.

    -a

  21. Re:Why is this About US Opposing French Site ? by operagost · · Score: 4, Insightful
    You are so wrong. Unfortunately I already posted or I would mod you Overrated. That's simply not true. Do you remember Desert Storm in 1991? You're probably too young. The last time we even came close to "supporting" Saddam was while Iran and Iraq were at war. Mostly, it consisted of blaming Iran for prolonging the war when the Stark was attacked by Iraq. France, on the other hand, supplied weapons to Iraq. Iran had suffered a coup at the hands of Islamic theocrats, seizing innocent U.S. citizens and holding them hostage. They ignored all diplomatic attempts. What would you do?

    You also obviously never cracked a book or else you would know that the French helped Saddam build a plutonium-enriching facility, which Israel destroyed for fear Saddam would have nuclear weapons within the decade. We'll never know for sure how much we owe Israel for doing that. They got their hands dirty and took the criticism of the world for it, just like the U.S. had to do in Iraq.

    --

    Gamingmuseum.com: Give your 3D accelerator a rest.
  22. Yeh, what have the French ever done for us! by El+Camino+SS · · Score: 4, Insightful


    I mean, besides that whole concept of "liberty" and stuff... oh, and they:

    *aided us with ships and arms in our most important time in removing King George from the colonies
    *provided money for the expansion of our navy to defend our trade to the Barbary Coast
    *became our number one trade partner when no king's nation was buying American goods
    *admired and respected us that they acted in same manner to start a revolution for their people
    *loved us so much that they gave us the Statue of Liberty, and we loved them so much all of our fashions and opinions came from France
    *is our oldest national friend, and the first place that really recognized our sovereignity
    opened our cultural gates to Europe when we needed help
    *has been our staunch ally on the security council, believed with us that the spread of communism in Vietnam was so important that they got involved first, almost religiously backed our initiatives until we freaked out and launched a war unprovoked
    *generally put up with our crap, and we them, for generations, out of FRIENDSHIP

    *And most importantly, they would LISTEN TO US AND WE THEM WHEN WE DISAGREED

    Besides that, what has France ever done for us. And by saying "done for us" I mean the LAST TWENTY MINUTES. After all, America is not good on remembering the truth about France and America, who were, at one time, the only two democracies backed into a corner in the world, struggling for the freedoms of their citizens.

    NEVER FORGET THAT.

    Take that you anti-France bastards. We're old friends, it is about time you honored the contract, and listened to your friends, you petulant children.

    By the way, we had larger influences in Iraq than you think. Read a little.