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Project Gutenberg Made Accessible

scishop writes "Mazarin is an open-source interface to Project Gutenberg's library. Mazarin increases the accessibility of Gutenberg's 10,000+ books as it formats the books for HTML display -- providing paginations in addition to generating table of contents and other advanced markup features -- along with enabling users to carry out full-text searches on the entire library."

53 of 214 comments (clear)

  1. Tested by mpost4 · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I can not test the claim of all 10k works, but I tested what I thought would be most likely to be left out, and I found that they were there.

    I Tested Martin Luther.

    (if it was not for the printing press the reformation would not have been as sucsessfull as it was)

    1. Re:Tested by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

      What I love is the home page that says:

      "All contents copyright 2004 Scott Fortmann-Roe."

      Yeah, sure.

  2. Looks nice and dandy by tfbastard · · Score: 3, Interesting

    But did they have to make the tutorial presentation a fullscreen flash file?

  3. PG by ArbiterOne · · Score: 4, Informative

    Most of PG's more well-knownalready are formatted into HTML.

    1. Re:PG by Charles+Franks · · Score: 5, Informative
      The promo.net address is an old one and no longer maintained, please reference gutenberg.net

      Charles Franks
      Founder, Distributed Proofreaders

    2. Re:PG by Charles+Franks · · Score: 3, Informative
      For PDA-friendly formats of PG e-texts try Blackmask and/or Pluckerbooks

      Charles Franks
      Founder, Distributed Proofreaders

    3. Re:PG by flimnap · · Score: 5, Informative

      Indeed, there are many, many sites that do all sorts of wonderful things with Project Gutenberg eBooks. That's the wonderful thing about PG, you can do anything you like with the books.

      While personally I prefer the original and the best... hey, whatever floats your boat!

      It is very much worth noting that Project Gutenberg would have nowhere near as many eBooks as it does without the help of Distributed Proofreaders. Sign up there, and proof just a page a day to make your contribution to preserving literary history. You can proofread as little or as much as you like, and do something worthwhile! Distributed Proofreaders is a great way to spend some of your time.

    4. Re:PG by bbc · · Score: 4, Informative

      PG does accept other formats, gladly.

      However, it insists on at least a plain vanilla version of a text, as that format has proven to be the most durable and accessible.

      So next time you post a text version to PG, make sure you post HTML and PDF versions alongside.

      (Do read the rules for HTML in the PG FAQ first, though.)

  4. Slashdotted? by alexatrit · · Score: 2, Funny

    I searched on "oil" and came up with numerous passages from various versions of the Bible, and a few recipes from an Italian cookbook. Attempted to search again, but amazingly the site fails to respond...

    --

    Nothing but the finest in meaningless drivel
    1. Re:Slashdotted? by pinky99 · · Score: 2, Funny

      amazingly?
      you really want to say, this is the first time you follow a link posted on /. and the server does not respond. Your first link? *g*

    2. Re:Slashdotted? by flimnap · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Well, this piddling 'interface' to Project Gutenberg may have died, but the real PG website is still going strong!

      While you wait, you could do something worthwhile. (That is, instead of reading the 10,000 other "Its /.ed already" posts)

  5. P2P / Library by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Interesting idea, I can't get to the website but a feature I'd want is the content shared P2P so you don't have to rely on a central server for the content.

    A central webpage index could just have ed2k links to the files: sharereactor for books. When they update the book they release a new hash-link and the file onto the network.

    It being P2P it could open it up to more then just public domain books too ;).

  6. Slashdotted - but nice error messages by twoshortplanks · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Hmm, nicely formatted error messages. Does anyone know what this is? I'm assuming it's a mod_perl handler of some sort.

    --
    -- Sorry, I can't think of anything funny to say here.
    1. Re:Slashdotted - but nice error messages by Zocalo · · Score: 4, Informative

      Judging by the snippet of Perl at the bottom of the error message I'd say it's part of the Mason CMS.

      --
      UNIX? They're not even circumcised! Savages!
    2. Re:Slashdotted - but nice error messages by WWWWolf · · Score: 2, Interesting

      As others noted, this is definitely Perl HTML::Mason, which is one of the best web scripting environments I've ever worked in. An adequate comparision would be something like this: PHP's down-to-earth approach of mixing code and HTML, JSP's and Website Meta Language's ideas on how to separate them again if they need to be (code componentization and tag libraries), Perl as the scripting language, and Apache mod_perl to give it some speed (also works as CGI).

      I'm just wishing to know how to turn the cool-looking error dumps off when they're viewed outside localhost =)

  7. 10,000+ books? by Ronald+Dumsfeld · · Score: 5, Funny

    10,000+ books. Right, so I've got to read all of them before I can post a comment?

    Oh wait, this is Slashdot.

    --
    Where's the Kaboom?
    There's supposed to be an Earth-shattering Kaboom.
  8. Re:and then just think by mpost4 · · Score: 2, Informative

    I would say not, it was needed, Luther saw the abuses of the Church in Rome, and tried to correct them, he never wanted to break from the church, and infact the break officialy did not happen till 200 years after Luther died, when Rome said there are 2 churches "them and us"

  9. Re:unhuh-explanation by rakjr · · Score: 2, Insightful

    A guess would be that the script is accessing the database remotely. Thus, if the server is getting slashdotted, there is no way it can talk to the remote database. Instead of die, they should have sent a small text message of "Remote database unreachable."

    Hind sight is 20/20 ;)

    --
    In a place beyond time and space, in a land far better than this, look for me there...
  10. Gutenberg is totally inaccessible by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting

    This sounds like it just adds complexity and does not make gutenberg's data accessible.

    There were several research projects for which I used pg as a corpus. However, pg's a terrible hassle for the first-time researcher, since the format of the introductory text ("we're gutenberg, here's the copyright, blah blah") is inconsistent.

    You have to remove the introductory text to avoid bias in the corpus, however there are so many pathological special cases (different formats, spelling, languages, words used, punctuation, case) that it requires several hours of Perl coding to successfully strip the header text from 75% of the documents with >99% accuracy. Yuk.

    If gutenberg is serious about making their work more accessible, they should think about the simple concern of ensuring consistency in the header text format.

  11. Re:and then just think by urmensch · · Score: 2, Insightful

    I think a lot of the unfortunate twists in European history are due to the Catholic church becoming so corrupt as to cause a reformation in the first place.

    Anyone want to buy an indulgence?

  12. Text version by Whitecloud · · Score: 5, Informative

    since some seem to have trouble on the index page... here it is:

    Project Gutenberg is the brainchild of Michael Hart, who in 1971 decided that it would be a really good idea if lots of famous and important texts were freely available to everyone in the world. Since then, he has been joined by hundreds of volunteers who share his vision.
    Now, more than thirty years later, Project Gutenberg has the following figures (as of November 8th 2002): 203 New eBooks released during October 2002, 1975 New eBooks produced in 2002 (they were 1240 in 2001) for a total of 6267 Total Project Gutenberg eBooks. 119 eBooks have been posted so far by Project Gutenberg of Australia.

    Click here for the full PG story and here for the latest News , and learn about the Stockholm Challenge Award recently won by Project Gutenberg in the category Culture.

    The key link is search page.

    --

    Do you need a website upgrade?

    1. Re:Text version by jonathan_ingram · · Score: 3, Informative

      well, to those with computers & internet connection...

      One of the projects run by the Internet Archive is the Bookmobile, which creates, prints, and gives away (for a nominal production fee) books created from public domain sources. One of their most popular products is an illustrated edition of Alice in Wonderland.

      who can read English...

      Yes, PG's content is primarily English at the moment, but this is only because most of the volunteers up until now have been English. If you are confident in a language other than English, you can help us get more books in this language -- either by scanning them, or by proofing the books which other people have scanned by joining the Distributed Proofreading Project (or the new EU sister-project DP Europe). At the moment the main site has projects available for proofing in German, Latin, French, Spanish, Swedish, Finnish, Dutch, Hebrew, Danish, Italian, ancient Greek, and Gaelic. The EU site has, in addition, books available in Serbian, Slovenian, Romanian, Welsh, Hawaiian, Russian, Polish, Lithuanian, Ukranian, modern Greek, and Bulgarian.

      if the copyright has expired...

      Yes, the vast majority of books in PG are copyright expired. This isn't a big problem, though, as we've only scratched the surface of the number of copyright expired books. Even at the current rate of growth, there's enough to keep us going until the US copyright regime starts letting new books into the public domain in 15 years or so.

  13. Best way to read online texts? by GGardner · · Score: 4, Interesting

    What's the best way to read online texts? There are a bunch of PG texts I might like to read, but reading them in a web browser, as a big text file gets tiring after ten minutes or so. I'm not sure why I can read a book for hours, but the screen for minutes, but there you have it. I don't think that HTML will help this problem -- does anyone have recommendations for better ways to read these files?

    1. Re:Best way to read online texts? by gunne · · Score: 5, Informative

      If you have a palm pilot, i can recommend Weasel Reader.
      I've been using it for a couple of years on my Palm V, and despite its small screen size it works perfectly for reading ebooks.

    2. Re:Best way to read online texts? by CGP314 · · Score: 2, Interesting

      does anyone have recommendations for better ways to read these files?

      On an old palm pilot or in the notes folder on an ipod. I found that it's the backlight of a computer screen (and on the new palms) that is what hurts my eyes when trying to read.


      -Colin

    3. Re:Best way to read online texts? by bw5353 · · Score: 2, Interesting
      What works best for me is any text-editor/word processor. I delete line by line or paragraph by paragraph as I have read them. Don't know why I feel that is comfortable, but it is.

      (Keep a backup of the original in case you want to check again what the name of the butler's niece was.)

    4. Re:Best way to read online texts? by werdnab · · Score: 2, Insightful
      I don't enjoy curling up on the sofa with my computer to read a novel. It isn't the warmest way to spend a few relaxing hours with a book.

      It is however a great way to research the classics for info and reports.

      I still like to hunt around old bookshops, and often I can find those works for a buck or two.

    5. Re:Best way to read online texts? by dvdeug · · Score: 2, Informative

      It is however a great way to research the classics for info and reports.

      That's quite a failure on some levels, if that's all we're doing. One of my personal favorite authors in PG, J. S. Fletcher, is never going to be considered part of the "classics". But he's a nice read for mystery lovers who like Victorian London.

      I still like to hunt around old bookshops, and often I can find those works for a buck or two.

      Which books? Some of our books can not be found that cheap and many of the ones which can, might take a lot of searching. We're not just the big name classics; we handle a lot of non-fiction and obscure fiction, too.

  14. the tutorial talked to me by Lord+Zerrr · · Score: 3, Funny

    I love sexy robot voice tutorials! mazarin tutorial

    --
    "If the facts don't fit the theory, change the facts." -Albert Einstein
    Karma? There's a serial modder out there.
  15. Straight HTML = archaic by Leobinus · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Bah. Posting HTML is so 1996. You can do so much more with these texts. One example is Open Source Shakespeare, which takes all of Shakespeare's texts, indexes them, presents them in an attractive manner, creates a concordance, provides a full-text search engine, organizes the lines by character, etc.

    All of the texts are open source, and you can download the database and source code from the site, too. Check it out.

  16. Bam by kunudo · · Score: 4, Funny

    Monday May 24, @03:14PM : Project Gutenberg made accessible
    Monday May 24, @03:15PM : Project Gutenberg made inaccessible

  17. Re:and then just think by mangu · · Score: 4, Interesting
    While, at first, one would classify your post as either "offtopic" or "flamebait", I think an interesting point can be raised here: the Lutheran reformation was an early consequence of the maxim "information wants to be free".


    It was very convenient for the Roman Church to have a practical monopoly on what was widely acknowledged at the time to be the main source of information, the Holy Bible. When the printing press was invented, this diluted that monopoly, since then the ordinary people could afford their own copies of the Bible and became independent from the Church for information. Luther was one of the first to realize that, when he urged people to read the Bible. A consequence of that was that people learned to read. Until early in the 20th century, the literacy rate for countries which are mostly Lutheran, e.g. Scandinavian countries and parts of Germany, were much higher than in southern Europe, where people were mostly Catholic.


    A modern analogy:

    Catholic Church --> RIAA

    Lutheranism --> P2P

  18. Slashdot'd by Bipedismaximus · · Score: 4, Funny

    "Project Gutenberg Made Accessible"

    Oh, the irony that is slashdot.

    --
    The way to a man's heart is through the left ventricle
  19. Re:and then just think by bsDaemon · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Information doesn't want anything. It merely is.
    and what is wrong with monopoly? Uniformity breeds community.

  20. SCO will file a lawsuit saying they wrote them all by HiyaPower · · Score: 2, Funny

    Gotta turn a living you know...

  21. Gutenberg archive and access by rjs.org · · Score: 2, Interesting
    Too bad the site couldn't hold up, I really wanted to see my contribution
    http://www.gutenberg.net/etext04/awbv110.txt
    there in HTML.

    The first volume was converted to HTML by hand by someone else and to pdf, by machine, I think, whereas my site simply has the e-text:
    http://rjs.org/gutenberg/Stevens_Thomas/
    So an automated process would be a boon. What I'd really like to see is an OS text-to-voice reader program. I wrote a wxPython program to assist conversion from scanned text to PG format: http://rjs.org/gutenberg/OCR2Gutenberg/, but I have never been able to find a free set of spoken word wave files or speech library.

    Ray

    --
    http://rjs.org/ - biking, astronomy, photography
  22. Re:and then just think by bigchris · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Good grief. I think you should review your church history! At the time the Roman Catholic church was a massively corrupt bureaucracy that supressed ordinary people, was largely usurped by those who wanted power, and didn't teach about God's grace to mankind. In fact, much of the doctrine taught was contrary to the gospels. Papal bull, anyone?

    I take a different view: just imagine all the problems that we'd still be dealing with if the Reformation had never happened!

  23. Gutenberg, Google by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Wouldn't it be great if Google were involved in Gutenberg in a major way?

  24. Gutenberg Disclaimer by Twinky · · Score: 5, Interesting
    What always struck me as odd is the enourmous length of the disclaimer that Project Gutenberg attaches to every text. To me it seems to be the most obvious sign of a law system that is ridiculously screwed. No book I ever read had a legal statement like this.

    Quote:

    LIMITED WARRANTY; DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES But for the "Right of Replacement or Refund" described below, [1] the Project (and any other party you may receive this etext from as a PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm etext) disclaims all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees, and [2] YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE OR UNDER STRICT LIABILITY, OR FOR BREACH OF WARRANTY OR CONTRACT, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. If you discover a Defect in this etext within 90 days of receiving it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending an explanatory note within that time to the person you received it from. If you received it on a physical medium, you must return it with your note, and such person may choose to alternatively give you a replacement copy. If you received it electronically, such person may choose to alternatively give you a second opportunity to receive it electronically. THIS ETEXT IS OTHERWISE PROVIDED TO YOU "AS-IS". NO OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARE MADE TO YOU AS TO THE ETEXT OR ANY MEDIUM IT MAY BE ON, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Some states do not allow disclaimers of implied warranties or the exclusion or limitation of consequential damages, so the above disclaimers and exclusions may not apply to you, and you may have other legal rights. INDEMNITY You will indemnify and hold the Project, its directors, officers, members and agents harmless from all liability, cost and expense, including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following that you do or cause: [1] distribution of this etext, [2] alteration, modification, or addition to the etext, or [3] any Defect.
  25. Now might be a good time to consider by SolemnDragon · · Score: 5, Insightful

    ...donating to the good cause. If you don't want to donate money, volunteer to proofread, or it might be worth it for writers out there to consider a notation in your will that will allow your works to pass either directly into the public domain, or, as i have been in contact with lawyers to discuss, simply passing the copyright of your own works on to project gutenberg. This allows them more work to publish, and if you're in a contract somewhere that allows for royalty collection, you can set it up so that those royalties switch to project gutenberg at the time of your death.

    Now might also be a good time to contribute an hour a week to a literacy project, or to make a donation there. Adult literacy is a serious issue all over the world, and that includes right here in the states, where there really are bright people out there who could have better lives if they could read. I can't think of a more on-topic subject than project gutenberg to discuss adult literacy and the need for both literacy teaching and to support free literature for the masses such as this project provides.

    Just my $0.02...

    solemndragon

  26. Funny definition of "accessible..." by dpbsmith · · Score: 3, Insightful

    At the risk of pointing out the obvious, Michael Hart's decision to make the basic format of PG texts "plain vanilla ASCII" has resulted in texts that are highly accessible by any meaning I can think of for that word. They are also compact, platform-agnostic, and durable. Texts contributed in the 1980s are fully usable today.

    While there have been constant complaints about PG using the "wrong" format, opinions on the "right" format have been the flavor-of-the-month (or at least several flavors per decade). Had PG decided to use a "better" format, all of their volunteer time would probably have been taken up converting (say) WordPerfect to RTF to HTML to SGML to XML, leaving relatively little time to digitize and proofread texts.

    1. Re:Funny definition of "accessible..." by pedantic+bore · · Score: 2, Interesting
      The problem with "plain vanilla ASCII" is that expresses less information than is present in the original and is a PITA to recover this information. This is especially true for texts that use non-ASCII characters (or illustrations of any kind).

      I agree that flavor of the month representations are bad, but markup languages have been around for a long time and it wouldn't have been hard to use something (like small subset of SGML) to add a bit more formatting info. Then when people want to look at the text in the flavor-of-the-month format, it's just a matter of writing a translator for that format. (illustrations are another matter, but I suspect that things have converged enough in this area so that something could be done from this point forward.)

      Don't get me wrong -- I have a huge respect for PG and what they're doing is a benefit to humanity. I just wish that they would aim a little higher than the lowest common denominator for representation, and support other character sets in a simpler manner.

      --
      Am I part of the core demographic for Swedish Fish?
    2. Re:Funny definition of "accessible..." by bbc · · Score: 2, Insightful
      a converter could easily be written

      I you checked the volunteer mailinglist of Project Gutenberg, you would see that every now and again somebody waltzes in and says: "Why don't you do such and so? It's easy! You guys must be idiots for not doing it my way."

      Neglecting the fact that such people rarely have the decency to find out if this discussion has already been held, and what the arguments were, list members will then ask the question:

      "If it's so easy, why don't you show us how its done?"

      That will usually shut up the it's-easy-sayers.

      There are of course those who act, rather than talk. Those people have built the PG website, the PG database, the Distributed Proofreaders environment, all the 'easy' little things that are required to keep PG's library double in size every 18 months.

      Next time you say "it's easy", try to have a system in place that shows you know what you are talking about.

      P.S. I realize you did not say PG are idiots. Quite the contrary. However, such emotional outbursts are often the next step in the mode of discussion of those who think others should fullfill their desires at no cost and immediately. That's why I put it in the example.

  27. Already very accessible... by ricky-road-flats · · Score: 4, Interesting
    I only last week downloaded Project Gutenberg as an ISO - it has 9,500 books on it and weighs in at about 3.85 GB. All the books are as plain text within a ZIP file, accessed through a set of basic web pages also on the disc.

    It's great - I now have that on my laptop hard drive, mountable by Alcohol, so I'll never be short of anything to read, especially when the web's not available...

    I can't find the torrent file I got it through, but if it helps the filename is pgdvd.iso and the size is 4,139,646,976 bytes.

    1. Re:Already very accessible... by bbc · · Score: 2, Informative

      Torrents, ISOs and what have you are linked through the PG site. You can also order a gratis copy of CD or DVD if you like (please consider making a donation in that case).

      There used to be a special library archive format (Green thingy something), but I don't see it on the site anymore?

  28. Re:and then just think by mav[LAG] · · Score: 2, Informative

    When the printing press was invented, this diluted that monopoly, since then the ordinary people could afford their own copies of the Bible and became independent from the Church for information.

    Not only that, but Luther translated the Bible into the common tongue. He used to hang out in pubs and the market and make notes of how people really spoke so that his translation would reflect day-to-day usage. The result - which is solidly argued in The Sovereign Individual and elsewhere - is that the common man realised once he read the Bible for himself that he didn't have to prop up the corrupt and extravagant monstrosity that was Rome then - economically or otherwise.

    Catholic Church --> RIAA
    The modern nation state is not a bad analogy either - extortion of taxes by force and the threat of jail, mean grasping and extravagant - and totally unnecessary for true free enterprise. But that's a whole other discussion...

    --
    --- Hot Shot City is particularly good.
  29. Re:and then just think by mangu · · Score: 2, Interesting
    Information doesn't want anything. It merely is.


    How do you know that? Apart from the religious dogma that postulates the existence of a homunculus called the "soul", we do not know much about how consciousness arises. What we do know is that information doesn't exist in a vacuum. Information needs a physical medium to exist. Check "An Introduction to Information Theory", by John R. Pierce, Dover Publications, ISBN 0-486-24061-4, chapter 10 - "Information Theory and Physics" for a basic explanation why. Now, assuming a certain body of information and a system to handle that information, we have no idea if a sufficiently large amount of information with the right manipulation system will have consciousness. Sometime in the next few decades we will have machines with the same complexity and information-handling power as a human brain, then perhaps we will be able to create a conscious machine with free-will.


    Anyhow, that's not the point. "Information wants to be free" is just an easier way to say that human beings have an urge to share whatever information they have with other humans. History has shown that, given efficient communication media, it's very difficult to maintain information secret.


    and what is wrong with monopoly?


    Intrinsically, nothing. Some public utilities are natural monopolies, it wouldn't be practical to run several different water, gas, and electricity supplies to each house, for instance. Sometimes a monopoly is useful in developing a new technology. The Bell Telephone Co., in the first half of the 20th century, did create a relatively cheap and efficient phone system using a monopoly. Microsoft created a widely used personal computer standard using a monopoly. There are some circumstances under which a new technology spreads faster if a monopoly exists. But a monopoly also induces slackness. Monopoly holders will not be eager to try harder. When growth starts levelling off, a monopoly usually stagnates. That was bad for Christianism, it was bad for the telephone system, it was bad for personal computers... may I generalize?

  30. Re:thewolfweb.com is faster than slashdot. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Funny

    hell the Gutenberg Project is faster than /. for news.

  31. Re:and then just think by carlos_benj · · Score: 3, Funny

    Well, in my converstaions with information I have determined that while some information does indeed want to be free, other information does not want to rock the boat. Some information simply wants to be left alone. There are also some sub-groups of information that are blissfully ignorant of their situation and do not realize that they are not already free.

    I have not had the time to speak with all information, so this is merely anecdotal evidence of the diversity of opinion among informations.

    --

    --

    As a matter of fact, I am a lawyer. But I play an actor on TV.

  32. Bruce Sterling by Discoflamingo13 · · Score: 2, Funny

    Information wants you to give me a dollar.

  33. Re:and then just think by Farce+Pest · · Score: 2, Funny

    If I had a diet of worms, I'd be abrasive and confrontational as well.

    --
    This message has been scanned for memes and dangerous content by MindScanner, and is believed to be unclean.
  34. The Project Gutenberg Index as RSS by grrussel · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I've created an RSS feed from the Project Gutenberg list of etexts. The RSS feed contains titles, authors, descriptions and links to the relevant page or file on http://www.gutenberg.net/

    PGDB.rss PGDB.rss.gz

  35. Re:Yeah? by leandrod · · Score: 2, Informative
    > it has a few extra books that the protestents took out

    Quite to the contrary, these books were added by Rome at Trento. Until them they were usually copied along the Bible without being considered part of the Canon, just like the Shepherd of Hemas before the Montanist heresy.

    It was only when Luther decided to have them printed apart from the Bible that Rome decided to try to accuse him of tooking them out of where they never belonged...

    > Jesus still says to Simon Peter "you are the rock upon which i shall build my church"

    You misquote, actually "you art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church", Mt XVI:18 RSV, and the unanimous consent of the Fathers of the primitive churches is that the rock wasn't Peter, but his confession.

    > whatever you shall hold true on Earth, i shall hold true in Heaven

    Again you misquote: "I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven", Mt XVI:19 RSV. This is spoken of the church which started with Peter and the Apostles, and it goes without saying that an institution having for its head a man instead of Christ ceases to be a legitimate church.

    n fact, the analogy of the keys relates to the custom of giving the keys of a city to the person appointed by the king to have authority there. The authority is taken by the king if it is not duly used.

    --
    Leandro Guimarães Faria Corcete DUTRA
    DA, DBA, SysAdmin, Data Modeller
    GNU Project, Debian GNU/Lin