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ESA To Study Human Hibernation

colonist writes "The European Space Agency (ESA) plans to study human hibernation for long-duration space voyages (a la 'Alien', '2001'). Although 'practical hibernation mechanisms are at least a decade away', ESA researchers will make initial inquiries into DADLE (D-Ala,D-Leu-enkephalin), an opium-like drug that triggers hibernation in ground squirrels and human cells. Other subjects of interest include dobutamine, a drug that maintains muscle, and the Madagascan fat-tailed dwarf lemur, the only primate known to hibernate."

32 of 379 comments (clear)

  1. If it weren't for my daughter... by grasshoppa · · Score: 3, Interesting

    SIGN. ME. UP.

    Hell ya, I'd go hibernate, and very likely get paid for it. Can you say, "Test subject"?

    --
    Mod me down with all of your hatred and your journey towards the dark side will be complete!
  2. Good job ESA by strictnein · · Score: 4, Interesting

    This type of research is the future of human space exploration, at least for the forseeable future. Sorry, but light speed, or anything near light speed, just isn't going to happen anytime soon.
    The only downside to this is that the space traveler may seem like the trip only lasted a short time period, when it in fact took 10 years. By the time he gets back home his family will have aged 20 years. It actually may be the closest we get to time travel as well (want to see the future? just hybernate for 100 years).

    1. Re:Good job ESA by WormholeFiend · · Score: 4, Interesting

      By the time he gets back home his family will have aged 20 years. It actually may be the closest we get to time travel as well (want to see the future? just hybernate for 100 years).

      I don't think hibernation prevents aging...

    2. Re:Good job ESA by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

      Any truth needs to be defined by a time frame. While what you say may be true, tomorrow we may find that we have discovered a way beat the speed of light.

      The World was flat until it was round. The speed of sound couldn't be broken until it was done.

      Afterall, the easiest solution would be to develop "Transporters" that transfer their data by light which would bypass all the physics that you were mentioning, even if I am just making up mine to justify my point.

      Anyway...

    3. Re:Good job ESA by Monkey-Man2000 · · Score: 4, Interesting

      If that were true, it would be nice if this became so commonplace that you could "hibernate" every night for about 8 hours. Thereby, extending your lifespan by ~33%.

      --
      This post was generated by a Cadre of Uber Monkeys for Monkey-Man2000 (603495).
    4. Re:Good job ESA by AKAImBatman · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Sorry, but light speed, or anything near light speed, just isn't going to happen anytime soon.

      Odd as it may seem, "something near it" isn't that big of a problem. What we need is lots and lots of antimatter, and working engines that use it. Now here's the difficulty: where do we get the antimatter from? We believe we can make as much as we need, if we just had enough power. Unfortunately, with a efficiency conversion of 0.01% (i.e. for every megajoule you put in, you get 100 joules worth of anitmatter.), we just don't have the power reserves here on Earth to create enough. What would be nice is if we had a super-powerful fusion reactor that could run for billions of years without maintenance. Now where are we going to find one of those...

      Did you know that the Earth receives about 1.3kw per square meter from the Sun? If I did my calculations right, a station placed at about 0.1 au should receive about 1,387kw per square meter. If we were to construct a station with a power collecting surface the size of a football field (109.73m x 48.78m = 5,352m^2), it would receive about 7.4gw of power from the sun.

      First we must assume that there is some loss in the power conversion method. Let's say the first station uses primitive solar panels with an efficiency of 20%. That leaves us with 1.4gw of power. Assuming that the station had the facilities necessary to transform all that power into antimatter, it would be capable of producing 148kw of antimatter per second, or about 12.8gw worth of antimatter per day! If more than one station was built, then antimatter production could be high enough to regularly send ships to Alpha Centauri.

      Using this calculator, we find that at 1G of acceleration, we could reach 99% of light speed (relative to Earth) in about a year of acceleration. In that time, our ship would have traveled about .22 light years.

      Would anyone like to check my figures? I'd love to make sure I'm getting those power figures correct. :-)

    5. Re:Good job ESA by AKAImBatman · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Even if the spacecraft and occupants were composed of 100% fissile uranium, you'd still have trouble getting close to the speed of light. e=mc^2.

      Actually e=mc^2 says we've got more than enough energy to spare. The problem is that fission only converts a small portion of the mater into energy. OTOH, antimatter could possibly give us enough energy to reach light speeds. That is, light speeds relative to Earth. From your own position on a space craft, you'd easily exceed light speed relative to the Earth. Of course, if you were to measure the distance in light years, you'd find that the distance between your source and destination had shrunk. Or did light speed up? Or did time dilate? That pesky relativity keeps getting in the way!

      Even more annoying, is that your rocket fuel would grow in mass along with your ship, so you'd see no increase or decrease in your engines efficiency. Err... wait a minute. That's not annoying. That means that if you start out at 1G of acceleration, you can maintain 1G of acceleration at a constant rate of fuel burn! Woohoo! We found the loophole! (/enlightening sarcasm)

      You might find my post on Antimatter drives to be quite interesting. :-)

    6. Re:Good job ESA by AKAImBatman · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Believe it or not, the speed of light is easy to "beat". It's just a problem of "beating it" in some usable fashion.

      For example, quantum tunneling allows a particle to travel faster than light for a mere instant of a second by stealing energy from nearby particles. In the end, however, it has to pay back the energy it used. This means that its net velocity never exceeded light speed.

      On the more macro level, there is a theory that wormholes could be used to circumvent light speed. Unfortunately, no one knows how to generate enough energy, or where to find the "exotic matter" to create them.

      Another (possibly even more credible) theory on FTL travel, is the Alcubierre Drive, often confused with the Star Trek notion of a "Warp Drive". Again, the core problem is that we have no idea where the energy for such a craft would come from.

      If none of this suits your fancy, then just load up on a few kilotons of Antimatter, and blast off toward the edge of the Universe at 1G of acceleration. Thanks to the dilation of space-time, you should be able to reach the edge of the known Universe in barely a few years time! Of course, there's this slight issue with Earth no longer existing by the time you got back...

      Good luck, intrepid space traveller!

    7. Re:Good job ESA by Abcd1234 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      It may, actually. Assuming such hibernation significantly reduces the basal metabolic rate, it can be surmised that lifespan would likely be extended. For example, the lifespan of lab rats have been greatly extended by placing them on an ultra-low-calorie diet, and it is theorized that this increase in lifespan is due to the decreased basal metabolic rate resulting from such a diet.

    8. Re:Good job ESA by kalidasa · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Sort of. See e.g. this link. I think the idea is that it slows aging, but not enough to extend someone's life enough for say interstellar travel. For that we'll need a combination of hibernation and anti-aging mechanisms and anti-disease mechanisms, or some kind of hard stasis (for instance, imagine if you had some kind of nanobot that could separate each individual cell, place each in indefinite stasis, and then reconstruct the whole after a very extended period of time).

    9. Re:Good job ESA by AKAImBatman · · Score: 2, Interesting

      BTW, I think the calculator I used gave an incorrect distance traveled. I think it was running into an overflow situation and blew up. This calculator is a bit more accurate. A 1G trip of 4 light years, taking into account the deceleration at the half-way mark, gives the following results:

      Trip length: 4.0 light years.
      Acceleration: 1.0 g.
      Time on earth: 5.614136130857504 years.
      Time on ship: 3.460041443177856 years.

      BTW, you all might be interesting in knowing how long a million light-year space-flight might take:

      Trip length: 1000000.0 light years.
      Acceleration: 1.0 g.
      Time on earth: 1000289.2434369829 years.
      Time on ship: 26.837453649066713 years.

      Only 26 years! How's that for fascinating data! :-)

    10. Re:Good job ESA by jez9999 · · Score: 2, Interesting

      That would be pretty sucky, as the already-insane population density on Earth would increase massively further, and almost certainly collapse in on itself unless a large number of people could be relocated to another planet.

    11. Re:Good job ESA by Prune · · Score: 2, Interesting

      blast off toward the edge of the Universe at 1G of acceleration. Thanks to the dilation of space-time, you should be able to reach the edge of the known Universe in barely a few years time!

      That won't work out since the expansion of the universe is accelerating. Things beyond that edge (and I take it that by known universe you mean the visible universe, which includes all up to the distance the earliest light has had time to travel to us since the beginning) are moving away us at a speed greater than the speed of light, as there is no limit to how fast space can expand, the limit is how fast you can move through space. So even if you travel close to light speed for eternity, the number of galaxies you can pass is finite, and the rest is forever beyound your reach.

      --
      "Politicians and diapers must be changed often, and for the same reason."
  3. Does cancer hibernate too? by Euphonious+Coward · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I wonder if tumors stop growing during hibernation. If they do, then everybody with (expected-) fatal cancer can just hibernate until there's a cure.

    Likewise aging...

  4. I hope there going for basic science... by Retric · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Interesting but I think they're going to need to work out how to prevent bone loss if you're going to hibernate for a significant portion of the time in space. Anyway I hope there going for a basic science approach to the subject because if dobutamine maintains muscle mass during hibernation then it might also help with coma/bed-ridden patients.

    1. Re:I hope there going for basic science... by epyx · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I have serious issues with the administration of dobutamine. It does nothing to maintin peripheral musculature, it only affects the heart. We use it in the field of EMS to elevate a person's blood pressure, or to make the heart beat more strongly when it is failing in congestive heart failure. As such, all it would do is preserve heart muscle, while the rest of your body's musculature gets broken down.

      Not to mention all the effects of constricting the blood vessles, and raising the blood pressure.

  5. Atrophy by Short+Circuit · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Having someone sleep indefinately is only a matter of controlled sedatives. I imagine their biggest problem is going to be organ atrophy.

    If they solve that, then they'll have an extremely valuable spinoff technology that will help everyone from the temporarily wheelchair-bound to the hospitalized.

  6. Does cancer hibernate too? - Easier Surgury? by mykepredko · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I wondered the same thing - and going ahead with this, would it be easier to operate on somebody in hibernation?

    Would hibernation be part of a safer anesthetic protocol for surgury? Put the patient into hibernation with local pain killers rather than forcing them into unconsciousness?

    This could be a very useful spin-off of this technology and maybe be more important to humanity than facilitating very long duration space-flight.

    myke

    1. Re:Does cancer hibernate too? - Easier Surgury? by mykepredko · · Score: 3, Interesting

      And what, precisely, do you see the as philosophical difference between being drugged into hibernation and being drugged into unconsciousness?

      None - the current drugs used to "put somebody under" for surgury and lowering blood pressure/heart rate/respiration are dangerous and require constant monitoring of the patient. If the same function could be provide by a "hibernation drug", I presume that this would be easier on the patient and safer through the course of the surgury.

      myke

    2. Re:Does cancer hibernate too? - Easier Surgury? by (54)T-Dub · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Another problem with general anesthesias is that the entire body shuts down, including the immune system. So your body doesn't have a chance to start healing itself until you wake up. If the body could be staving off infection and mending cuts during the surgery the patient would have a much shorter recovery time with a higher success rate. I'm not sure if hibernation would help with this problem, but it would be interesting to see.

      --

      "I can not bring myself to believe that if knowledge presents danger, the solution is ignorance" - Isaac Asimov
  7. Re:Hibernation ? by 0123456 · · Score: 2, Interesting

    "A lot of old age problems are basicly a result of your DNA being to old/damaged to be properly copied anymore."

    Actually, most of what I've read of aging research in the last few years says that's not true, except to the extent that DNA is stripped off the end of the chain every time it's duplicated (as part of an anti-cancer mechanism to kill cells that begin to duplicate endlessly). 'Old age' seems to be more of a triggered event than an accumulation of genetic damage.

    Which makes sense when you consider that most people's mothers are 40 or less when they have kids, so there's little evolutionary pressure to eliminate genes which kill you when you're past 40 (particularly if those same genes have survival benefits when younger).

  8. Along the way by scottennis · · Score: 1, Interesting

    Gosh. You mean there's nothing to do along the way? No science to be done? Since when did the destination become the entire journey. I think solving the problem of getting more food into the ship would be easier to solve than getting an astronaut to sleep for 6 months or more.

    Besides, if I'm an astronaut and you're sending me on one of the most incredible journeys of my life (perhaps taking up most of my life). And you want me to sleep though it? F**k that!

  9. Seasonal Affective Disorder by Beryllium+Sphere(tm) · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Some humans gain weight and lower activity when the days get shorter. Is it possible that we have a vestigial hibernation response already?

    1. Re:Seasonal Affective Disorder by kalidasa · · Score: 2, Interesting

      That's just a vestigial seasonal famine response. Summer is the best time to migrate and food is easy to find, so we get limber and thin and our muscles build up and we eat a lot of small meals. Winter is a bad time to migrate or to find food, so we build up weight and sit around all the time.

  10. Reasons the Article doesn't go into.... by Artifakt · · Score: 4, Interesting

    1. Radiation shielding on long term voyages seems to be a real bear of a problem for manned spaceflight to the planets. It might be feasable to put a bunch of shielding around a small compartment with a hybernaut where it wouldn't be feasable to shield all the working and sleeping areas for an awake astronaut.

    2. By extension, a 2001-like approach becomes workable - Put part of the crew into hybernation, rotate them in and out as needed. In 2001, this was supposed to be because the planetside geologists and such had little to do until Discovery was close to Jupiter, and then the security/paranoia factor kicked in. In the real case, a ship might rotate crew to even out radiation exposure, or put a crewman who was loosing bone mass faster than others into hybernation to protect his health.

    --
    Who is John Cabal?
  11. Too bad for Britain (and Americans?) by ChozCunningham · · Score: 2, Interesting
    "an opium-like drug that triggers hibernation in ground squirrels and human cells?

    By the time this is working, all the children (potential astronauts) will be immunized against opiates, and unable to hibernate.

  12. Re:Women on long-term space flights? by E_elven · · Score: 2, Interesting
    Men sleep after sex to counteract the ability to reproduce with another female almost immediately after copulation, hence keeping the couple intact longer.

    You're implying that it's a biological imperative that men go to sleep. In general, all mammals are more or less polygamous -including humans. I would assert that the animal/biological instinct would rather be to have sex with as many women as possible in order to preserve the species.

    If you want to argue a psychological imperative, however, you may be on more solid ground. In Freudian terms we can think of the polygamous desire as being something that needs to be repressed and the repression manifests itself in going to sleep right after sex in order to avoid impregnating anyone else. An interesting parallel subtopic would be whether it's more likely for a man to go to sleep if birth control has been used or not.
    --
    Marxist evolution is just N generations away!
  13. Flesh is a design flaw... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting

    IT seems easier to emulate A.I. in a radiation hardened computer controlled probe,
    than to modify humans for long term space flight.

    Though if they combine the new hibernation drugs / gene boosters with the IGF-1 Boosted muscular genes it might work.
    ( European Molecular Biology Laboratory )

    The extra copy of an IGF-1 gene in mice makes them little body builder mice. The enhanced mice don't grow any weaker as they grow older.

    So, indeed, future space explorers will be genetically engineered superhumans! KAAAAAAAAAAAAN!!!

  14. worthing saga by joeldg · · Score: 3, Interesting
    If you have ever read the worthing saga the ideas put forth in that book are amazing for what people might do if given the ability to suspend themselves while time goes by.
    Setting huge plans in motion while sleeping away, they end up with an entire section of the populace that tries to "live" as long as they possibly can. It is really an interesting take on how things like this could kind of get out of hand.


    Book Description

    It was a miracle of science that permitted human beings to live, if not forever, then for a long, long time. Some people, anyway. The rich, the powerful--they lived their lives at the rate of one year every ten. Somec created two societies: that of people who lived out their normal span and died, and those who slept away the decades, skipping over the intervening years and events. It allowed great plans to be put in motion. It allowed interstellar Empires to be built.

    It came near to destroying humanity.

    After a long, long time of decadence and stagnation, a few seed ships were sent out to save our species. They carried human embryos and supplies, and teaching robots, and one man. The Worthing Saga is the story of one of these men, Jason WOrthing, and the world he found for the seed he carried.

    Orson Scott Card is "a master of the art of storytelling" (Booklist), and The Worthing Saga is a story that only he could have written.


  15. Re:Women on long-term space flights? by E_elven · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Good point; perhaps another view might be that it's a sedative to prevent any 'mishaps'.

    Both would of course require nature to be deterministic so they're utterly wrong. As always, nuances are very important when speaking of evolution so to reiterate for the doubters:

    The correct explanation is that men who were sedate -and possibly in this way also more likely to stick around- were better capable of passing on their genes (and ensuring the passees stay alive and reproduce) which in turn in their children manifested in similar behaviour which in the course of millennia has become the prevalent trait.

    --
    Marxist evolution is just N generations away!
  16. Re:Alternative Idea by Ralph+Wiggam · · Score: 4, Interesting

    That's cool that bears can maintain a moderate body temp for months without eating. Having a huge layer of fat is usefull. That could be a new diet. You take two weeks off of work, go into hibernation in some lab, and have your body consume your fat gut while you sleep.

    -B

  17. Re:Alternative Idea by Ayaress · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Yes, you can. Just take it inside and warm it up a bit. You can also get reaction out of a hibernating rabit if you poke at it for a while. Its sluggish, and takes a good while to react, but they will react. Bears don't react rapidly, either. You can drag one out of its den by the legs, take blood samples, and weigh its cubs before they're awake enough to maul you.