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Why Consider Linux Kernel Patent Risks?

chromatic writes "After the hoopla about OSRM's study of patent risks in the Linux kernel, I talked to Dan Ravicher, the patent attorney and free software afficionado who conducted the study. Contrary to my initial reaction, I've come to believe that the study is actually very valuable. Linux and Patent Risks on the O'Reilly Network explains why."

19 of 226 comments (clear)

  1. Has anyone audited non-free OS's for patents? by ron_ivi · · Score: 5, Insightful
    I would still like to know if anyone's audited the source code for any of the proprietary OS's for patent violations.

    Seems Linux will be one of the safest kernels from a (patent point of view) to run, since it has had the most companies scouring it's source code looking for infringements.

    1. Re:Has anyone audited non-free OS's for patents? by Bruce+Perens · · Score: 4, Insightful
      Yet it seems customers (perhaps Daimler/Chrysler, since they're now sensitive to the issue), would start demanding that proprietary software they buy gets audited for IP rights.

      They could demand this, but what they would get would be indemnification or insurance. Their motivation is to reduce their legal risk, so either of these would be acceptable.

      You really can never complete a patent search. Because of the vagueness of patent claims, it is difficult to say conclusively that a patent can't be asserted against a particular body of code.

      Bruce

  2. Don't tell Darl by antikarma · · Score: 5, Funny

    "The 283 patents that the kernel could infringe have all gone unchallenged so far."
    In other words- Sco doesn't know about them yet.

  3. Linus and patents by blogtim · · Score: 5, Informative
    Linux founder and leader Linus Torvalds has taken that approach. "Finding patent infringement has always been a responsibility of the patent holders," he said in a 2003 interview. "It is a fact that I do not encourage engineers to look up patent information
    Actually, I read an article in Wired maybe a year ago quoting Torvalds as saying that he personally avoids looking at patents because willful violation leads to triple damages. Better just to close your eyes and do whatever...
    --
    Visit Tim's Journal, yes?
    1. Re:Linus and patents by Bruce+Perens · · Score: 4, Informative
      Imagine if my lawyer does some research and finds out that my technology potentially violates several patents. And then I tell him, don't tell me, I want to be protected.

      This would be covered under attorney-client privilege. Neither you nor your attorney can be made to testify about what your attorney told you. However, what I tell you as a consultant rather than an attorney is not similarly protected. I have indeed told some customers that they should not see my findings because my findings were not favorable for a court case they were considering. What they didn't see, they would not have to testify about. They agreed, thanked me for being so careful regarding their interest, and happily paid me for a report I never delivered!

      In this case, if you know you are infringing, the amount of damages you may have to pay goes up by more than three times. That's how the law works. It sure isn't OSRM's fault.

      Bruce

  4. It's a MAD World!!! by grunt107 · · Score: 5, Insightful

    With the gloom of the patent infringement reports, the one bright spot is the Patent machines of IBM (and HP). It is doubtful that other major patent holders (MS) do not violate any of IBM/HP (and vice versa), so the threat of mutually assure destruction is the only seeming deterrent.

    Who are the commies in this scenario?

  5. Re:So.... by Kenja · · Score: 5, Funny
    "If somebody decides to sue Linux for copyright infringement, who defends it?"

    SCO? I thought they owned Linux.

    --

    "Have you ever thought about just turning off the TV, sitting down with your kids, and hitting them?"
  6. Re:Linus. by MarsDefenseMinister · · Score: 4, Informative

    Linus owns the trademark to the kernel, but not the copyright, except for the portions he wrote himself. As far as I know, Linux does not require copyright assignment as a condition for code inclusion.

    Copyright != Patent != Trademark.

    --
    No weapon in the arsenals of the world is so formidable as the will and moral courage of free men.-Ronald Reagan
  7. Re:So.... by sloanster · · Score: 5, Insightful

    If somebody decides to sue Linux for copyright infringement, who defends it?

    I think you are a little confused, perhaps... When you say someone will "sue linux", exactly who do you mean is being sued? Novell? Linus Torvalds? IBM? Red Hat?

    Once you apply a bit of clear thinking, and decide who is being sued, the answer to your question will follow naturally.

  8. Re:Software Patents vs. Free Speech by OwnedByTwoCats · · Score: 4, Informative

    It seems to me that an individual with ordinary skill in the art of developing software, coming up with a patented solution to a problem, poses as much a problem for the owner of a patent as it does for the individual developer.

    One of the requirements for granting a patent is that it describe an invention or process that is nonobvious to one skilled in the art...

  9. Re:Linus. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny
    Two claimants enter, one claimant leaves!

  10. Re:Would it be illegal? by ron_ivi · · Score: 4, Informative
    " First you would have to have the source code. I suppose it could be de-compiled? I don't know how that works. Are there laws against that?"

    Even proprietary vendors make their source code available to important customers "to conduct security reviews of the products" - why shouldn't they do the same for Intellectual Property Rights?

    Furthermore, you could have third-party auditing companies provide that service in the same way they audit other confidential information such as company finances.

  11. Re:Software Patents vs. Free Speech by maximilln · · Score: 4, Funny

    so AFAIK software patents have the possibility of stopping the business end of linux, but can't fundamentally be a threat to its existence?

    The fact that Linux users continue to use Linux, which is obviously an illegal rip off of proprietary systems, is analogous to those 12 year olds who continue to trade mp3s even after we explicitly told them that doing so was a felony. We will continue to implement hardware based DRM, we will deny a license for anything but the MS boot block, and we will continue to increase funding for the anti-piracy arm of the FBI so that we can raise multinational efforts to hunt down and prosecute, to the fullest extent of the law, anyone who continues to write this so-called "open source" software. We will use any and all available means, including invocation of the PATRIOT Act, to ensure that these hardened criminals do the maximum possible time behind bars as an example to our youth. We are continuing to lobby Congress for "three strikes and you're out" laws which make repeated "open source" violations a mandatory felony. The distribution of such "open source" code is also considered a felony. Distributing 1 kb of hardened binary code, based on open source, has a mandatory minimum of 5 years in prison and distributing more than 30 g of "open source" source code carries a mandatory minimum of 10 years in prison with up to a $50,000 fine.

    With your help, and the help of other concerned citizens like yourself, we will eradicate "open source" houses from our neighborhoods. We will hunt down "open source" dealers. We will prevent our children from using "open source" code. We have already implemented measures to make the distribution of "open source" code with 500 meters of a school an automatic felony, no matter what amount or who the distribution is to.

    'Nuff said...

    --
    +++ATHZ 99:5:80
  12. Re:implied patent license by killmenow · · Score: 4, Informative

    Also, thanks to Groklaw, I learned about this thing called Promissory Estoppel that would pretty much stop them from bringing a patent suit at this point.

  13. Re:So.... by spacefrog · · Score: 4, Informative
    • If somebody decides to sue Linux for copyright infringement, who defends it?
    IBM, Apparently.
  14. Re:implied patent license by Bruce+Perens · · Score: 4, Informative
    To a great extent IBM has avoided distributing GPL software directly. We think this is because they don't like the patent terms of the GPL.

    Bruce

  15. Re:patents free for private use ? by Meowing · · Score: 4, Informative
    Yes, private use and research often qualify for royalty-free use of a patent, but beware that these exemptions are very narrow. More information here.

    Also, the international treaties covering patents are still evolving (there's a bunch of 'em -- not just WIPO but PLT, PCT, TRIPS and more I'm sure I'm forgetting), so it's still necessary to check out the local laws.

  16. Maybe less dangerous than we think... by earthforce_1 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The more patent heavy corporations that have vested interest in FOSS, the better. This way, if a FOSS unfriendly company decides to launch a patent attack that would be damaging to the bottom line of FOSS friendly companies (IBM, HP, Novell) then it is all the more likely that the attacker will be found in violation of somebody else's patents. We have a MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction) scenario, and the attacker will be forced to back down. Aside from a FOSS patent fund, the best defence is to have as many patent heavy corporate friends with a vested interest in the success of FOSS as possible.

    --
    My rights don't need management.
  17. Re:An observation based on the SCO stupidity... by flossie · · Score: 4, Insightful
    Couldn't this be a sign that attacking Linux on patents might therefore simply not be worth it based on the money & time that would be involved?

    Unfortunately, I think it is more likely that this is a sign that companies like Microsoft don't want to attack the competition with patents until they have succeeded in getting US-style patent law in force around the world.

    At the moment, it is very difficult to convince politicians how harmful software patents can be because most of the damage is theoretical. If Microsoft were to start suffocating Linux with patent threats prematurely, it would be much harder for them to get software patents introduced in Europe and Asia, thus reducing the effectiveness of their eventual attack.