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Simulations and the Future of Learning
This isn't really a technical book -- it's a manifesto aimed at the middle- to upper-level manager, and indeed the very first page is an executive summary that attempts to convince you to read this book while swilling martinis instead of playing another round of golf. But don't let that throw you -- it provides enough medium- to low-level meat to keep a geek happy (and after my review of > Shaggy Steed I think I can claim to be a huge nerd). You certainly won't find any code, but it's not a puff piece.
Clark Aldrich had a cushy job at the Gartner Group in charge of e-Learning coverage, but felt that the promise of e-Learning was being distressingly wasted by emphasis on the fast-food mentality of quantity over quality and churning out of tons of linear crud, just because it's so easy to do. The real promise of e-Learning isn't just as an online textbook, but as a simulator. And for life-or-death situations, it's the best way to teach people before letting them take a whack at the real thing. The U.S. military knows this. Airlines know this. Medical colleges know this. 'The organizations that care the most about training use simulations.' So he quit his sweet but corrupt job, and co-founded a company to teach leadership via a simulation: 'Virtual Leader.'
The sheer scope of the company's ambition had me shaking my head, convinced that this was going to end in brilliant failure. Especially as they decide one piece at a time that they need to write everything, including the graphics engine, from scratch. But finally, over time and budget, harsh reality sets in and they start distilling their huge collection of data on the nebulous concept of Leadership down to something workable. The meeting is the crucible where everything gets done in the world of the manager.
Virtual Leader places you in progressively higher-powered meetings and tracks their 'Three-to-One' model of leadership: good leadership is getting positive Work done in the short and long term, and levels of Power, Ideas, and Tension affect this. It's your task to try to ferret out good ideas and get them agreed to while heading off bad ideas. Of course, in later meetings you won't be the most powerful person in the room, so you have to carefully nudge things where they need to go by making alliances and building and spending your personal influence. At the end you're ranked on how you did on several metrics. And, of course, all this has to be simple enough for a computerphobe to use.
Simulations follows the project stage-by-stage from concept to finished product: what went wrong, what went right, what hard decisions and tradeoffs had to be made. Perhaps most fascinating is the dialogue system. It's not a script; the characters are all actually responding in real time to simulation variables from a library of 2500 voiced phrases. Thus it sounds slightly stilted and unnatural, but you can tell what's going on. And it isn't as mind-numbingly dull as the repeated generic approval/disapproval phrases they started with.
The book is a fast and easy read -- you could easily finish it in a night. The section on their failed dealings with supposed Leadership Gurus is extremely funny. And he dishes out the dirt on the e-Learning industry pretty well. What keeps Simulations from New Machine stature is the lack of any connection with members of the team -- there's no personal tension or pathos. The real star is the simulation itself. After all, his goal for the book isn't to provide you with human drama, but to sell the corporate world on simulations and demonstrate the process of building one from scratch.
And in the end, Aldrich makes a strong argument that simulations are the real future of learning. I had fun reading this book: it didn't take too much time, and I learned a few things (including some guilty glances into the minds of mid-level managers). Two polygonal thumbs up. You can see movies of the product in action at simulearn.net, though unfortunately there's no demo -- they want you to cough up for the seminars. Or you could just read the book!
You can purchase Simulations and the Future of Learning from bn.com. Slashdot welcomes readers' book reviews -- to see your own review here, read the book review guidelines, then visit the submission page.
There was some movement in that area back in the 1980s and early 1990s. Basically, they played Barock music while feeding people foreign language words. This really seemed to speed up retention by several factors. Anyway, I think that the current learning methods are completely antiquated and new techniques are desparetely needed. Top that with a disfunctional school system here in the U.S. and articles like this sound a bit like Science Fiction.
Whatever happened to the school system based on easily managable work force?
I am pretty much appauled by the state of most e-learning software these days. Systems like Blackboard may be great for an instructor with a liner interpretation of the sum of all the textbooks they've ever studied, but it is clerical in nature. It is not designed and built to stimulate learning and transforming information into knowledge. Sounds like a good read. I loved the Soul of a New Machine.
"Can there be a Klein bottle that is an efficient and effective beer pitcher?"
For lots of things. Like driving F1 cars, conquering the universe, dating, and shooting demons with a shotgun. I feel confident I am prepared for any of these things.
For every annoying gentoo user, are three even more annoying anti-gentoo crybabies. Take Yosh from #Gimp for example.
I bet that's a cheaper way to go than simulating real places, too.
An Innovative (and Perhaps Revolutionary) Approach "to e-Learning" - highest price was $55 on Froogle, what are you talking about?
No one in my company knows the difference. Simply teaching that would be a big help.
"If you really want to understand this concept, just watch two kittens at play. One kitten wanders off, following a bug. The other crouches low and folds his ears back, and creeps up on the other kitten until he's close enough, then he pounces on the kitten. The two kittens bite and claw and kick, and they roll around on the floor. We all laugh and say that kittens are so much fun, that they have nothing better to do all day than play - but we would be wrong.
These kittens are not wasting their time in idle entertainment. They are engaged in serious business. They are learning the skills of adult cathood. They are learning how to hunt. For what does an adult cat do when he sees prey? He crouches low, folds his ears back, and creeps up on the prey until he's close enough, then he pounces on the prey and bites and claws and kicks.
We don't see kittens lined up in neat rows as an old geezer of a cat stands a chalkboard lecturing about mouse anatomy and approach angles and attack vectors. That's not how they do it! They learn by doing, by playing."
I learned from Sim Ant. Social structure, the distinction of color, the need for food, and the fact that for some certain types of ants, y'aint never EVER gonna score.
Oh, and spiders suck.
Not offtopic at all. I have came to realize the need for change as a result of demodereated, offtopicized stimulations, endured and suffered over countless posts as Anonymous Coward, but I have learnt.. I want to change.
Where are my Karma points, you heartless, discriminating bastard?
This seems like a good idea. I submit to you that I have a great working knowledge of Fricana, a fictional world in which Quest for Glory, a game I played when I was in middle school, took place. I can tell you all the politics and geography and history and so forth related to this world, and were it real I could probably find my way around it farily easily.
Avid Everquest/SWG/Realm/etc.. players know loads about their respective worlds. Hell, I'd wager some of them have a greater understanding of these virtual civilizations than they do of the real world in which they live!
The key is engagement. Listening to a professor lecture is largely one-way communication, and all interaction occurrs at a meta level. I'm not participating in the French Revolution, I'm asking someone about it and listening to their answers. Watching a documentary is entirely one-way, and again it doesn't engage me directly.
Playing a game wherein I manage the affairs of a noble in France on the eve of the revolution, or a general under Napolean during the European Wars, I am directly engaged. My concerns are no longer retaining information for information's sake, but instead using information to achieve a direct goal.
Engagement forces you to learn, for otherwise you cannot be successful therein. It strips away the layers of abstraction and awakens the deeply-rooted survival mechanisms of the human mind. We're keyed to learn quickly when need be, but if that need is not immediate, it takes much greater discipline to put forth the effort.
GeekNights!
Late Night Radio for Geeks!
Heh, yeah, does that go with simulated productivity? Cause I'm REAL good at that....
In college, really poor, need a flatscreen.
I made a leadership simulator once. It replayed some situations in order to judge your response.
Some example situations are:
Hey, that's a great idea! It doesn't sound very good when you explain it though. So I'll present it at the meeting like I thought of it.
Here are four things I need you to do. Each one of them is your first priority.
Even though you have extensive education in your field and I'm barely qualified to be a manager, I'll be making some changes to your project to see if I can improve it. Let me know what you think.
This meeting is for you to review your superiors. Tell is what you think of us... honestly.
To my knowledge, no one has even succesfully completed my simulator. I'm not even sure if I could get someone to sit through this if I paid them $60,000 a year.
Slashdot Syndrome: the sudden, extreme urge to correct someone in order to validate one's self.
The reason there are so many more readers of management books than there are good managers is that a huge part of being a good manager is understanding and empathizing with people, whether those people are above or below you hierarchically. These simulations may teach good business strategy, but they certainly cannot teach good interpersonal relations, which for the forseeable future is going to be a humans-only endeavor.
Ultimately I think this is like writing classes --you can teach someone to write grammatically, but it is a much tougher thing to teach him to write well, and an impossible thing to teach him to be creative or inspired. Either you've got the spark or you don't.
Always a godfather; never a god. -Gore Vidal
Ob. quote: those who can't do, teach.
Wait a sec, leadership? How does that work? Teacher!
> The sheer chutzpah of trying to simulate 'Leadership' may stagger you, 'but it
> means there's plenty of room for interest here.
Of course. Wouldn't it be much easier to replace Bush with a small shell script written against requirements provided by Karl Rove, David Frum, Dick Cheney, Rush Limbaugh and the tape backup made of Ronald Reagan's brain in 1982?
The sheer chutzpah of trying to simulate 'Leadership' may stagger you
;) )
I have 437 Slashdot "fans" -- now that's completely simulated leadership -- and purely generated by my chutzpah in publicly posting my ill-informed rants for others to rate.
(If it was real leadership, they'd send me money or women, right? Or, ok, it's Slashdot, mobos and Star wars figurines.
Opinions on the Twiddler2 hand-held keyboard?
The only thing worse than the state of learning when the teacher uses is Blackboard is how much Blackboard costs to use. Hint, think tens of thousands for "LEASED" software use.
It is a damn shame that we need "simulated job experience".
How about getting a real honest job and learning skills and a trade?
Managers would do good to give some people who seems promising, but lack the "required skills" a chance.
I interview people for positions and I like to see then try. As for claimed skills, I do routinely test them. I once gave a person who claimed to type 90 wpm a typing test. Turns out he was a little rusty, since he only scored 3 and 6 wpm in his two tries.
Maybe he needs some "Simulated Job Experience". I hope it includes plenty of typing and stresses the importance of honesty!
I only look human.
My mother is a halfling and my dad is an ogre, so that makes me an Ogreling
In the real world, you get to look stuff up most of the time. Maybe it's just my experience, but most of the exams I've had in college have tested my memory more than my understanding. A friend of mine used to get pissed because there was a guy in his biology classes who would memorize everything before an exam and then ace it, but outside of the exams he didn't know much at all about biology. He just crammed, got the B/A and got mostly Bs in his bio classes it seems.
Click here or a puppy gets stomped!
I don't like the pointy-hair look.
Don't know the original source, but the full quote as I heard it went like so.
Those who can Do.
Those who can't teach.
Those who can't teach, teach others to teach.
I presume you are refering to Barock
Leadership is best learned by leading.
Simulation is better than nothing, better than books or lectures -- but not as good as doing. Why not the real thing?
Many groups offer leadership opportunities.
One group with an emphasis on learning leadership by leading: the Boy Scouts.
Simulation is great when the real thing is expensive or lethal. Leading needn't be either.
Terrorists love Bush. He's their best gaurantee they'll get more recruits forever and have ever more reasons to hate america and attack us.
So, I'll ask you outright: Are you implying that to differ with the republican party is to be an enemy of the state? 'Cause it sure sounds like it. And if that's the case I think you're a god damn nazi. But I'm listening in case you can explain it to me.
"A witty saying proves nothing." ~Voltaire
"d'Oh!" ~Homer
I for one welcome our new simulated leaders...
We did some work with DEC in the late 80s when they were trying not to laugh at our PDP11/35 and get us to buy some newer stuff. One of their showcases was a laserdisc / computer system that did training simulations. The corporate one was called "Decision Point", where you had to train as an exec and make decisions and reap the rewards or suffer the consequences. Full motion video, great camera work and angles, in one clip you were at a meeting and the camera turned to the guy next to you who would lean in an give you some gossip, etc. You would be walking thru the hall when some other worker would confront you and bother you about that raise she'd talked to you about weeks ago - you would at each point have four choices - decide yes, decide no, get more information, or put off the decision. The twenty minutes later, the raise decision would come back to bite you, or something like that. Great production values. And I remember people going thru this and getting flop sweat after a certain amount of that - I took that as a sign of realism...
I remember my ed tech grad students hearing the Oregon Trail sounds when we did SW evals, and their eyes opening wide from memories of the apple II days and recounting in excruciating detail what they had to do when to get the supplies, survive, etc...
When it's good it works - when it's bad, it's not even worth ignoring.
"Win treats sysadmins better than users. Mac treats users better than sysadmins. Linux treats everyone like sysadmins."
honestly all that intuition is just "random guesses' any way, start off with a random choice picker, and then build a retartedly basic neral net.
This is very timely. I was just reading a report yesterday which seeks to answer why e-Learning never got off the ground. The report has quite a bit of meat to it and is in PDF format...
n .html
http://www.thelearningalliance.info/WeatherStatio
I'm currently on a committee tasked with evaluating synchronous distance learning software and with very few exceptions, they all seem to have the same failings as Blackboard, but promote them as features.
I've been floored by how many of the products are based on the PowerPoint model (if not on PowerPoint itself). This sort of reductive epistemology may be OK for conducting corporate training seminars, but I can't imagine teaching Shakespeare by bullet-pointing Hamlet.
We as a society have seemed to accept over the last few years that "learning" means being able to recite a Cliff's Notes version of a given set of facts. If this is how we are going to continue to define education, then perhaps we don't need better tools. If not, I'm not sure this guy has a better solution, but at least he appears to be trying something different.
... enough for a computerphobe to use.
So people who suffer from "computerphobia" should be eligible for "leadership role playing" in today's world without having some therapy beforehand?
CC.
TaijiQuan (Huang, 5 loosenings)
The Learning Alliance is specific to higher education, so when that report says "e-learning," they are speaking about attempts to replace college classrooms with synchronous and asynchronous teaching. For example: web conferencing software for a classroom, email lists for professors' office hours, and instant messaging instead of study sessions in the hallway.
I suspect companies like the University of Phoenix would also argue against The Learning Alliance's report, but I haven't really studied how the private, nationwide colleges like U of Phoenix are doing. (And even they offer both Internet-based and traditional class models.)
When Clark Aldrich says "e-learning," he's almost always talking about asynchronous, self-paced business training. For example: his own (sort of freaky) Virtual Leader situational simulators, off-the-shelf Word and Excel courses (CD-ROM or Internet based makes no difference), canned videos with PowerPoint slides, etc. (The canned video/PowerPoints are typically pretty awful, but they're cheap to develop, so you see a lot of them.)
E-learning for business applications is a huge, growing market. Its acceptance rate is also growing, to the point that any large company not already offering some sort of e-learning is seriously behind the curve. At a minimum, they can replace expensive, traditional classroom-based courses and reduce travel budgets. Where it's applicable, e-learning also saves employee time by letting them finish the course at their own pace. E-learning can't replace all classroom training, by any means, but anyone who's sat through the misery of an 8-hour class on how to use the latest version of Big Co.'s proprietary management software knows those classes are a waste of time for all but the slowest learners. Since e-learning can save boatloads of money in some cases (especially by saving otherwise unproductive employee hours), it's here to stay, at least in the business world.
If you want something better to read, try Multimedia Learning by Richard E. Mayer, which actually proves through various studies why multimedia-based e-learning is actually much more effective than straight PowerPoint-type e-learning or, worse yet, e-learning where the voiceover just reads to you the text on the screen.
(Mild disclaimer: We're one of the companies creating custom e-learning courses for corporations who need and can afford it.)
It's a classic: go to a different culture and stay there for at least one year.
In this age of anti-political correctness and anti-multicul, I dare to hold a plea for the "foreign culture experience". It teaches you who you really are, what you're really good at, and it opens you up to your hidden qualities. It may boost self-confidence for the long term.
I don't believe in simulation when it comes to learning "life skills" (like leadership). Simulation is good for learning how to drive a car - for simple, technical things. And I'm sure most of us would not like to be treated like cars by technocrats without real skills.
Leadership has a lot more to do with instinct, affect, and charisma; it's not something you learn consciously, it's something you acquire subconsciously.
Anyway, I firmly believe that the future of learning will be one away from simulation and virtual environments, back to exploring 'phenomenological' contexts much deeper. Maybe both are not mutually exclusive anyways.
How exactly is a simulation going to improve your dating skills? Which simulation are you using? And, more importantly, what do you do when your wife catches you running a dating simulator?
"Freedom means freedom for everybody" -- Dick Cheney
Having read beyond the three "most troubling assumptions" on page iii of the "Thwarted Innovation" article, I see that it does touch on corporate as well as educational e-learning. Perhaps their initial detractors were right when they said, "The ink will be hardly dry on your report when it will be out of date!" It seems that they are still writing in 1999-2000, when the promise of e-learning was in line with the promise of e- everything else -- i.e., grandiose and starry-eyed as a result of the Internet bubble in the stock market.
I honestly think that here and now, in 2004, expectations of corporate e-learning are entirely appropriate, as are the budgets spent on it.
The chapter devopted to Corporate e-Learning is almost laughable, unfortunately. It appears that all they were able to do was look at e-learning providers' websites to see what their specialties were, then keep checking the sites to see what changed. No kidding. So the entire section just covers movement in the provider community to provide whatever the monied corporations needed. Nothing on the quality of the content developed, time saved by LMS's in proving mandated courses were taken, or anything that would require looking at the real output of all those e-learning providers.
For more timely insights on e-learning, I'd recommend following someone like Elliott Masie. I'd be curious to hear what he has to say about "Thwarted Innovation."
These simulations clearly expose general situations that humans are stunningly bad at unless they are trained to recognize them and behave against their natural inclination.
For example, the freezer simulation showed that humans have great trouble grasping any situation in which there is a delayed response to their actions (the temperature of the freezer responds to your changing the thermostat, but only after the fact, and it may overshoot). How does that apply to your world? I bet if your company has 100 people and needs to reduce the headcount to 90 people, they would lay off 10 people. The problem? The delayed effect that layoffs have in causing people who aren't layed off to look for work elsewhere. If you want to get rid of 10% of your people, you probably better only lay off perhaps 7% or 8%.
In recent years, I watched a local company go through no fewer than seven layoffs. Every single layoff was followed within a matter of weeks by hirebacks, as additional people departed in response to the layoffs and the company had to hire to fill essential positions. After seven iterations, the managers still had not grasped they were overcontrolling a system that had a response delay built into it.
It's hard to believe that such incompetence persists in the software business, where managers receive a level of thorough and professional training that... oh.
Actually, there is already a John F Kerry swift boat simulator. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3698186.stm
But I think they should come out with the W version. You could dodge the draft, find various beurocratic tricks to avoid active duty and then convince daddy to ensure you still have an honorable discharge several months after you have already left the state.
of course no one's going to read this now, but maybe someone will benefit. In my opinion as an engineer, there is one obviously better teaching method that's actually been used in classrooms in the US - Precision Teaching. They have a lot of data that demonstrates that tracking how well you're learning inherently causes you to learn more, and that doing something faster improves retention and the ability to learn the next-step skills.
Nothing I've seen yet is as AMBITIOUS as the book mentioned, but they're getting more ambitious all the time.
http://www.celeration.org more about PT
http://www.aimchart.com PT charting online
http://www.headsprout.com PT developed online early reading program. If you have a child who can't read yet, you should check this out.
Disclaimer: I'm currently rewriting the aimchart functionality, but I have no formal link to the other two sites.
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