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Stanford and Volkswagen Create Autonomous Vehicle

nght2000 writes "Stanford University has created an autonomous driving robot to compete in the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge Race. The race will be held on October 8, 2005 in the desert Southwest. The team that develops an autonomous ground vehicle that finishes the designated route most quickly within 10 hours will receive $2 million. The route will be no more than 175 miles over desert terrain featuring natural and man-made obstacles. The Stanford Racing Team's vehicle is a Volkswagen R5 turbo diesel Touareg that was donated by Volkswagen of America. The Stanford Team has been working with the Volkswagen Electronics Research Laboratory on the project."

53 of 235 comments (clear)

  1. hah! by Bananatree3 · · Score: 2, Funny

    My lego mindstorms vehicle can beat this car any day! Except maybe on sand dunes, but oh wel.

  2. Red Team by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

    Correct me if I'm wrong but isn't the bona fide leader in this competition the Red Team from Carnegie Mellon?

    1. Re:Red Team by dangerz · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Yes it is as far as I remember. Actually, one of my friends was telling me they're writing software to give the car the ability to powerslide.

      --
      The greatest experience we can have is the mysterious.
      - Albert Einstein
    2. Re:Red Team by lowrydr310 · · Score: 2, Insightful
      Yes, but the Carnegie Mellon Team has a very strong advantage. Keep in mind that last year their vehicle rolled over during tests just a few days before the competition, and they had to replace just about all the electronics - they STILL made it farther than anyone else...

      Not only do they have a well designed system, they're using a Hummer H1. I know it doesn't matter what vehicle wins, but when you're competing in a DARPA funded contest, using a HUMMER is more impressive than a VW.

  3. The people's car... by FlameboyC11 · · Score: 5, Funny

    ...without people! Gotta love that.

    1. Re:The people's car... by Penguinoflight · · Score: 3, Funny

      Kinda adds new meaning to their slogan "Drivers Wanted" huh?

      --
      "And we have seen and do testify that the Father sent the Son to be the Savior of the World"
      1 John 4:14
    2. Re:The people's car... by pcmanjon · · Score: 2, Insightful

      "So what's the purpose of this? It's a waste of money and it will never benifit anyone. Why do people waste so much money on projects like this."

      Actually, it DOES help with the goal of making cars that can drive themselves eventually. This could help lots of people who can't drive a car, or who wouldn't want to. Eventually leading to every car thats made being automatic.

      That's a good thing, and it's not a waste of time. It's progress under the guise of a contest, to make it fun and competitive. There's nothing wrong with this.

      Look at the big picture.

    3. Re:The people's car... by netsphinx · · Score: 4, Interesting

      God, yes.

      I live in Atlanta. I work on one side of town, I room on the other. I go 25 miles each way. Average speed of 25mph. That's 2 hours a day I spend in the car.

      If I could get into my car, type in a destination, and read, have breakfast, catch the last 10 winks, or write the great American novel while the car did the work, I would jump at it like a shot.

      I realize that what I want out of an autonomous car is available, mostly, as public transportation. Unfortunately, public transportation in Atlanta is a joke. To do the 25 miles from my house to the office takes 2 hours, on 2 different systems, with three transfers. That's 4 hours a day in transit, provided nothing breaks down and the buses aren't late. I tried it, and I had just enough time left over in the day to sleep. Not eat, just sleep.

      I saw a test car and strip of highway (somewhere in California, IIRC) that worked together as an autopilot. Drivers could enter the freeway, tell the computer what exit they wanted to get off at, and let the car drive itself. Little pips in the tarmac told the car where the lanes were, the on-board did the steering, and the central controller managed congestion by telling the cars what speed was best for the volume of traffic, when to change lanes, and when to wake (pardon me, alert) the driver that the exit was near.

      Anyone out there remember this? Is it still under development?

      Anyone care to speculate how soon I can get a robot chaffeur or auto-highway?

      And does anyone remember...Sally? Asimov fans will know what I mean.

    4. Re:The people's car... by rackrent · · Score: 2, Interesting

      So does this mean we can all take a "Johnny Cab" just like Gov. Schwarzenegger in Total Recall?

      --
      --- There is a man in a smiling bag.
  4. Uhhhh... No... by __aaclcg7560 · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Just when you thought it was safe to cross the street...

    1. Re:Uhhhh... No... by EdelFactor19 · · Score: 2, Interesting

      maybe theyll make some autonomous pedestrians for the cars to avoid; now that would be entertaining to watch!

      --
      "Jazz isn't dead, it just smells funny" ~Frank Zappa
      EdelFactor
    2. Re:Uhhhh... No... by Nivoset · · Score: 2, Funny

      anyone else having "herby" flashbacks.... maybe just me.... i hope not though...

      --
      Movies made by a crazy person

      http://www.youtube.com/marginalpro
    3. Re:Uhhhh... No... by Efinel · · Score: 3, Funny

      Just when you thought it was safe to cross the street...

      Don't be a chicken.

      ---------
      Remember, drive defensively! And of course, the best defense is a good offense!

  5. I worked on this project for a few hours by CrazyJim1 · · Score: 5, Interesting

    I only did some roadmapping for CMU. Outside of creating true artificial intelligence, only luck can win this goal. You map a route then calibrate your GPS, and hope the vehicle can stay on the road you drew, and hope it doesn't hit any obsticles in the way.

    1. Re:I worked on this project for a few hours by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Informative

      No one has come even come close to the finish line on this race, so it would be very significant if a team was able to finish it. In 2004 "The furthest any of the teams had gotten was the Red Team's 7.4 miles" in a 150 mile course. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA_Grand_Challenge

  6. this specifically won't work by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Informative

    The course is specifically designed to defeat the gps+road map method of solving the puzzle.

    It is guaranted that the vehicle has to pass through a tunnel or other type of obstruction that disables GPS.

    Also, it is guaranteed that all roads will have obsticles at random locations that must be avoided. I understand that there are points where the vehicle must do an obstacle course and avoiding it or jumping over it is banned.

    1. Re:this specifically won't work by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting

      I'm working on the project for a different team. This can work. The competition is aimed towards making military vehicles that can drive autonomous. The military will look at satellite photos and choose a path for the vehicle to follow. The vehicle is then given these GPS points and must go. There will be cases where GPS may not be available for a short period of time; this problem is solved by an inertial navigation system, which uses gyroscopic sensors and accelerometers to give location based on the last known GPS location. There will also be situations where there will be obstacles and the vehicle must navigate through them using lasers and cameras. They are creating a real environment to test these machines in.

    2. Re:this specifically won't work by Nefarious+Wheel · · Score: 3, Informative

      GPS isn't the only positioning system in existence -- GPS plus intertial navigation could do it. Inav sums micro changes in direction along a path to give you a resultant vector.

      --
      Do not mock my vision of impractical footwear
    3. Re:this specifically won't work by john_anderson_ii · · Score: 3, Informative

      It's true that GPS and "turn here", "turn there" technologies won't work, if that was all it took the U.S. Military could have done it themselves.

      I do recall reading in Leatherneck magazine about a project the USN was undertaking involving unmanned subs that were to be used as long range sonar platforms and possibly very long range torpedos.

      While operating underwater GPS is useless, but dead reckoning (Speed * Time = distance, distance @ bearing = position relative to start position) is still useful. The subs they were working on used a combination of surfacing for GPS, dead reckoning, and sonar navigation to avoid obstacles to reach their goal. I haven't read Leatherneck since I retired from the USMC, so I don't know what became of this project.

      I think the point of this exercise is to use a mix of technolgies to accomplish the task. The most efficient mix, in theory, will win.

      --
      Be Safe! Sleep with a Marine. Semper Fi!
    4. Re:this specifically won't work by dcw3 · · Score: 2, Informative

      It is guaranted that the vehicle has to pass through a tunnel or other type of obstruction that disables GPS.

      Guess you're a little behind on GPS-gyros. Here's an example:
      http://www.brilliant-electronics.com/car_positioni ng_system_kenwood_knadv4100.htm

      --
      Just another day in Paradise
  7. market potential? by moviepig.com · · Score: 3, Funny
    The...autonomous ground vehicle that finishes...most quickly...will receive $2 million. The route will be...175 miles...featuring...man-made obstacles.

    Bulk purchases of these robots, modified for high-speed runs of less than 30 minutes, is under consideration by Domino's Pizza.

    --
    Seeing bad movies only encourages them. Watch responsibly
    1. Re:market potential? by meringuoid · · Score: 2
      Bulk purchases of these robots, modified for high-speed runs of less than 30 minutes, is under consideration by Domino's Pizza.

      Music, movies, microcode and... yep, here it comes. It'll be robots doing the delivery and not samurai or skaters, but near enough I suppose.

      --
      Real Daleks don't climb stairs - they level the building.
  8. They're a bit optimistic.. by ElScorcho · · Score: 5, Insightful

    The team that develops an autonomous ground vehicle that finishes the designated route most quickly within 10 hours will receive $2 million.

    Considering no vehicle has made it more than a couple miles in these races before, I find it pretty funny that they include the "finished most quickly" bit. If anyone could finish at all it would be a huge leap forward. Some of the footage last year was pretty amusing. One in particular I remember was a big SUV looking vehicle that was really moving, made it about 2 miles before it got stuck. Seems to me they'd be better served if they laid off the emphasis on speed for the time being and just got to the point where a sharp turn can be safely negotiated.

    --
    Evil will always win, because Good is DUMB
    1. Re:They're a bit optimistic.. by SuprCzr · · Score: 2, Informative

      Theres a time limit to make sure that no one tries this... i believe you have ten hours from when you start to finish the ~150mi course... you do the math.

      --
      SUPRCZR
    2. Re:They're a bit optimistic.. by sturat · · Score: 3, Funny

      Seems to me they'd be better served if they laid off the emphasis on speed for the time being and just got to the point where a sharp turn can be safely negotiated.

      This is the same advice I give to my mother and it's yet to have an effect.

  9. But how many humans can do the job? by tftp · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Driving a 4WD in a desert, with obstacles and detours, arriving at a destination within a time limit... I dare say not every human driver is up to the task. And they want to achieve this with a computer?

    1. Re:But how many humans can do the job? by good-n-nappy · · Score: 2, Interesting

      The motorcycle was pretty sweet though. It used only steering to keep it balanced rather than doing the whole Segway thing. You got to at least admire the engineering on that one. I heard the guy running it say that he was sleep deprived and forgot to turn on the auto-balance thing right before the race. That's why it only went about 5 feet. They knew they wouldn't be able to finish in time anyway.

      --
      Never underestimate the power of fiber.
    2. Re:But how many humans can do the job? by Eivind · · Score: 3, Interesting
      Actually, the course is by no means that hard. It's no longer than 170 miles, and you've got 10 hours, that means an average speed of 17 will do it.

      Parts of that is paved roads, parts unpaved roads and parts "offroad". This means you can do like walking-speed on the offroad-parts and still manage it fine.

      Infact I'd take a bet that 9 out of 10 got-drivers-license-yesterday humans would be able to do this in less than half the time allocated to the robots, probably a good driver would do it in a quarter the time the robots get. That'd require him to average 68mph.

    3. Re:But how many humans can do the job? by d474 · · Score: 2, Funny

      The desert is the easy part. What I'd like to see is thing commute in L.A. rush hour traffic.

      --
      Authority questions you. Return the favor.
    4. Re:But how many humans can do the job? by zero_offset · · Score: 4, Interesting

      You've clearly never driven off-road. Indeed, with your statement that somebody could average 68 MPH in terrain like this demosntrates that you've probably never raced in your life, either.

      Even in relatively benign terrain, a speed of about 15 MPH is actually moving pretty quickly. These aren't $2M one-time-use lightweight 500HP Paris-Dakar desert racers with a navigator, an 8-ton supply-laden chase truck. These are extremely heavy fully autonomous machines. If you read the rules, they're even supposed to refuel themselves without human intervention should it become necessary. It's really, really easy to break stuff at only 15 MPH, particularly when you consider how heavy these robots are.

      Also, the paved sections are very short -- I haven't looked at the 2004 course in quite awhile and I'm not sure if the 05 proposed courses are up yet, but it was something like only 10% of the entire route -- and then you're not permitted to exceed the speed limit, which I think was pretty low -- 50 MPH or thereabouts.

      It's very, very hard.

      --

      Slashdot quality declines as the number of hot grits posts decreases. - Provolt's Law, Apr-09-2005

    5. Re:But how many humans can do the job? by hcdejong · · Score: 2, Informative

      Last year's Dakar rally had about 5400 km of 'special stage' (where the cometitors are timed, as opposed to liaison routes that are untimed, and add another ~5600 km to the trip), with the fastest competitors completing those in about 52 hours, ie about 100 km/h.
      There are stages where the fastest cars reach about 200 km/h. Other stages took more than 24 hours for some people (average 20 km/h), but most of that would be spent standing still and digging the vehicle out.

  10. Re:CMU did this year ago by __aaclcg7560 · · Score: 4, Funny

    And anyway, wouldn't a robotic vehicle be more likely to run into pedestrians like school kids?

    Only if Grand Theft Auto was pre-installed.

  11. Mod Parrent.... by Zeebs · · Score: 2, Funny

    What slashdot really needs is a +1 *Groan* Mod, but I suspose you'd need to do some work under the hood for that. Someone should really get in gear on this.

    Crap....

    --

    Happy Noodle Boy says "F###ing doughnut! Mock me? You fried cyclops!!"
  12. YAY!!! by Vombatus · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Herbie Rides Again

    --
    This sig is intentionally blank
    1. Re:YAY!!! by NanoGator · · Score: 3, Informative

      "Herbie Rides Again"

      I can't believe that Herbie is taking precedence over KITT here. I know it's a VW and all, but yeesh, KITT's got der bliken lights!

      --
      "Derp de derp."
  13. Google / Stanford team too? by chachacha · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I was driving through campus near the Stanford Golf Course the other day and saw a robotic solar vehicle emblazoned with the Google and Stanford logos. There was a large van outfitted with all sorts of sensors and gadgets on the roof and hood. Has anyone heard of Stanford attempting to build a robotic solar-powered car too?

    --
    I do like programming things that work super quickly, especially when they work super quickly, super quickly.
  14. Good thing, too... by interactive_civilian · · Score: 4, Funny
    I'm glad they made it autonomous because I heard that the back of a Volkswagen is a very uncomfortable place.

    ;p

    --
    "Empathise with stupidity, and you're halfway to thinking like an idiot." - Iain M. Banks
    1. Re:Good thing, too... by fbform · · Score: 4, Funny
      I heard that the back of a Volkswagen is a very uncomfortable place.

      Only on Slashdot would that statement be qualified by "I heard that". :-P

      --
      Time flies like an arrow. Fruit flies like a banana.
  15. Herbie! by rossdee · · Score: 4, Funny

    Didn't VW do an autonomous vehicle back about 1970 (in association with Disney)

    1. Re:Herbie! by Garabito · · Score: 2, Informative

      Yes, but they did it again. Fully loaded now.

  16. "On the road of life... by samkass · · Score: 5, Interesting

    "There are passengers and there are drivers. Drivers not wanted."

    As someone who went to CMU, I'm of course rooting for the home team, but it is fun to read about the other guys. For the on-road stuff, they had those trucks zipping driver-less, pretty fast, through Schenley Park back in the 90's, so it'll be interesting to see if they can keep on the trail this time for the off-road challenge.

    --
    E pluribus unum
  17. I only have one thing to say.. by robpoe · · Score: 2, Funny

    Fukengruven!!

    --
    = Grow a brain...
  18. Combine with the other car dream by Wizarth · · Score: 2, Informative

    One of the advances that would be a lot more likely once this is done is: Flying Cars.

    The biggest complaint against flying automobiles is how every-one (and their dog) would be able to drive (fly) like a bat out of hell. Literally, in this case.

    So, get autonomous driving working, get people used to it on the ground, then going airborne is just a next step.

  19. I Cried by LordMyren · · Score: 3, Interesting

    I cried when I saw how the DARPA desert race was done. I was thinking vehicles actually had to do pathfinding, you know, like, interesting stuff.

    Thats simply not the case. DARPA hands out the final destination a day before launch and the teams madly scramble to find a route to send their vehicle down (on nice sat photos). Then they send the vehicle off on its own. What sort of fun is that?

    Knowing this, I'm ashamed how poor last years competition was. The winning team was pretty sweet, but I certainly expect a lot more competitive entries this year. Hand most any college worth its salt $25,000 and let the CS & ME's go to. In a year they should build something which could at least contend with the DARPA incumbent.

    As it stands the whole thing requires almost no intelligence. The whole point, from a computer engineers' biased persepctive, was to get people building robots aware of their surroundings. The Berkeley city auto-mapper robot is a perfect example; couple that with Sandstorm and then maybe I'm interested. But so many teams can make a robot which FAILS to track a GPS path while staying moderately on the road is just beyond me.

    I understand the whole point is that the terrain is supposedly "hostile"... But when you're driving an `86 Hummer, its quite apparent that any area full of enough dangerous terrain to give you a problem will likely be seen on the sat-maps.

    Myren

    1. Re:I Cried by daniel_mcl · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Actually, several teams (including my school's) did use pathfinding, and did a pretty decent job of it as well. The CMU team was one that preprogrammed the entire path, and they got one of the best scores, largely because it's really, really hard to develop an autonomous robot in your spare time while attending classes all day. It also doesn't help not to be able to run very many tests on site.

      For instance, my school's robot was doing well until it hit a chain link fence. As it turned out, the chain-link fence was almost invisible to the car's vision system -- think about it, it's a bunch of air with these little tiny lines which are pretty hard to distinguish from debris in the air and such. You try writing a computer program that can accurately determine the presence of chain link fencing in a photograph and then see what you think.

      As for GPS, again it doesn't tell you whether there's a fence, cow, brick wall, etc. standing in the way, and GPS was blocked for large sections of the course. If you're suggesting dead reckoning instead, note that that's really, really hard even under ideal conditions and essentially impossible outdoors. If a car gets one degree off course and travels 60 miles, it'll end up a mile off of the road, perhaps gleefully crashing through houses / oncoming traffic.

      --
      I used to read Caltizzle. I was a lot cooler than you.
  20. Let me venture a guess... by d474 · · Score: 2, Insightful
    FTFA:
    "Pamela Mahoney...said her firm hopes that technologies conceived during the project might lead to "really interesting applications that could generate new start-ups.'"
    Really interesting applications... like maybe, heavily armed "hunter-killers" patrolling around outside NWO prison camps looking for escapees to eviscerate? How about enforcing curfews in (American?) urban streets during martial law after a "terrorist" attack? Gee, how could DARPA possibly find a use for these technologies?

    *Remove tinfoil hat*
    --
    Authority questions you. Return the favor.
  21. My school is in this competition by Antilles · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I dont understand why their team is getting this much press, other than the fact that Volkswagen's PR dept is probably hyping stanford to get some marketing exposure for their company, as this year almost 200 teams applied to get site visits.

    In terms of technology, well, outside of the Turing test, this is sorta like the Super Bowl of AI. My team/part of the project dealt with Machine Vision, which has proven to be quite difficult for a lot of people (including me!). Real time scene analysis is *very* computationally expensive, and you have to make guesses and inferences as optical signal data fluxes around constantly, a lot of the time completely rendering your approach useless.

    Even though from life experiences I know that Life Isnt Fair, and the playing field is never level, some of these teams get insane advantages. I wont even go into CMU (ok, I will: they have basically Defense Contractor backing, parts, and consultants, and like 7 million dollars to spend on the project), and here stanford has sponsorship with volkswagen. I was suprised Cal Tech didnt get more major sponsors, but they might have for round 2 of the challenge. No one has near the advantage of CMU though, their main LIDAR cost more than a lot of people's whole car/setup.

    Aside from that, for me this project has been a blast. The work, needless to say, is very unique and its almost like a mini-1960's space race, "first one to the finish line!". Its funny how some people try different angles, spend millions of dollars, and then get foiled by a rut in the road that hangs their car up (I'm tellin ya, if the sun shifts even slightly all vision input outside of lidar can basically go to sh!t if you arent careful, and if your lidar doesnt pick it up, well...)

    Regardless of whoever makes it to the top 30, it will be interesting to see if anyone finishes this year. Darpa3, maybe?

  22. Re:What if... by zero_offset · · Score: 2, Informative

    I suppose you may have been joking or trolling, but just in case -- there is a remote-kill and all vehicles are continuously monitored by event organizers (e.g. not the team itself, who might take advantage of their proximity to cheat). There are guidelines for things like maximum deviation from pre-planned corridors, etc. (These are quite wide and by design involve a lot of unfriendly terrain -- it wouldn't be possible to do simply exploit the existence of these imaginary corridors as a navigation aid).

    --

    Slashdot quality declines as the number of hot grits posts decreases. - Provolt's Law, Apr-09-2005

  23. Re:Hey, VW, how about making diesel cars by Gulthek · · Score: 4, Interesting

    What the deuce? I've been driving around in a Jetta Wagon TDI for two years. The only reason we got a Jetta TDI instead of a Passat is that the Passat isn't available with a manual transmission.

    Golf, Beetle, Jetta, Passat, Toureg are all available with TDI engines. Try em out, but the waiting list is pretty lengthy because they are selling like freakin' hot cakes.

    My wife and I keep our TDI pumped with biodiesel too. Less emissions, less smell, and our gas was living plant material mere years (or months) ago. Staying in the current carbon cycle is better than releasing carbon stored millions of years ago.

  24. Electrical problem by chrisnewbie · · Score: 2, Funny

    Well! If this robot as the same electrical wiring as all the north americain volkswagen made in mexico! he's not gonna make it at all!!!!!

  25. DUI by hawk · · Score: 2, Interesting


    In addidition to convenience, autonomous, or even street-directed, vehicles could nearly eliminate the problem with DUI.

    With smart streets, traffic control could also be much improved, with, for example, the freeway directing vehicles to shift position slightly for injection of merging vehicles.

    Speeds could be significantly increased, and vehicles could be placed on bulk carriers (e.g., trains).

    With good enough control and timing (many years after initial introduction), vehicles could be sent through intersections in the holes in cross-traffic . . .

  26. On the road of life by PMuse · · Score: 2, Funny

    there are passengers, and there are drivers. And there are vehicles that don't want either.

    Great. That's just great.

    --
    "We reject as false the choice between our safety and our ideals." --The American President (20.1.2009)
  27. Saving soldiers lives. by unholyness · · Score: 2, Insightful

    `autonomous ground vehicles that will help save American lives on the battlefield.'
    Wouldn't it be easier to just stop invading other countries?