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Possible Breakthroughs in Cancer and AIDS Research

FortKnox writes "Two possible medical breakthroughs have come to light in recent days. In Australia, it was discovered that pineapple extract can stimulate the body to attack cancer cells. And in Japan, Kumamoto University researchers have developed a drug that will block cells from the AIDS virus, thus making something akin to an AIDS vaccine." From the Australian news: "One of the molecules, CCZ, stimulates the body's immune system to target and kill cancer cells, the other, CCS, blocks a protein called Ras, which is defective in 30 percent of all cancers. QIMR researcher Tracey Mynott said her team had set out to find why the enzyme-rich bromelaine crush had such strong effects on biological material."

27 of 403 comments (clear)

  1. Cures and money. by HillBilly · · Score: 5, Insightful

    Cures for a lot of diseases probably already exist but there is no money in curering people, just treating their symptoms. You really think drug companies care about your health?

    --
    "Go into the hall of mirrors and have a bloody hard look at yourself" - HG Nelson
    1. Re:Cures and money. by Rei · · Score: 5, Insightful

      If you survive longer, you rack up more medical bills. Curing HIV might not be a big money-maker, but do you know how many drugs senior citizens take? Keeping them alive to continue their medications would be a gold mine.

      --
      "It felt almost as good as stealing cars from grandma." -- Margaret Thatcher, probably.
    2. Re:Cures and money. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Right. Because none of the researchers for those drug companies have family members, friends or acquiantances that might be ill -- they're all in it for the money, even if it kills their parents.

    3. Re:Cures and money. by OrionoirO · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Cures for a lot of diseases probably already exist but there is no money in curering people, just treating their symptoms. You really think drug companies care about your health?

      While drug companies are probably most concerned with profit, there is quite a bit of money to be made in curing people. Imagine company A has a treatment, and company B has a cure. People will buy company B's cure.

      Also, the HIV drug described in TFA, even if it worked perfectly, would probably require someone who was infected to use it for the rest of their lives to prevent cells that were already infected with the virus from becoming active and spreading it. This would make anyone who produced the drug quite a bit of money.
    4. Re:Cures and money. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I don't think the cures "exist", it's just that the economic forces, the invisible hands, guide them toward looking for treatments rather than cures. It's just the nature of the business. They don't conciously go to work in the morning thinking "I better not find a cheap cure for cancer today".

      Kinda sad really. There is NO solution to this problem other than "try to stay healthy".. I.e. there is no incentive structure that would maximize the cures on the market.

      However reducing the strength of medical patents might be a way to allow smaller, more "morally guided" companies to get in the game. I dunno.

    5. Re:Cures and money. by Necromancyr · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Well, you'd better tell your immunologist friend to go work at a few of the companies, talk to some of the project managers, or hell - attend the BIO http://www.bio.com/ conference.

      It's disconcerting to me that an immunologist doesn't realize that treating symptoms are easy, and a HELL of a lot easier to get past the FDA, then something that causes issues in a persons system but cures them.

      Seriously, it's the biggest problem right now that has companies redefining what to make. People can't deal with a 1 in 20,000 chance they may have a higher chance of a heart attack if they take drug X, even though without drug X they are in constant pain every day all day.

      The american public refuses to accept any danger/risk at all from there medications - and because of this it takes a HELL of a lot longer to develop anything then it did before.

      The first vaccines available got people sick left and right - but people took them anyway, even with the 1 in 10000 or 1 in 1000 risk because once you actually got the disease, you had a MUCH lower chance of surviving.

      Moral of the story? Get educated before you make comments - even if someone who's an 'expert' tells you something.

    6. Re:Cures and money. by Rei · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Yeah. Because shareholders in drug companies vote their shares in a manner designed to help the employees families, as opposed to in a manner designed to maximize their profits. And because shareholders hand onto shares of stock of drug companies that aren't profitable because they're working for common benefit as opposed to profit (instead of dumping those shares and buying up shares of a profitable drug company).

      Sometimes, the interests of "profit" and "common good" overlap. But when they don't, in a market economy, who do you think wins?

      --
      "It felt almost as good as stealing cars from grandma." -- Margaret Thatcher, probably.
    7. Re:Cures and money. by porcupine8 · · Score: 2, Insightful
      This was the whole issue with the recent case of the little girl whose parents refused to give her radiation therapy and her cancer came back... The radiation treatment doubles your chance of getting leukemia (though the chance is still like less than 1%), slightly raises your odds of breast cancer when you're 50+, and can cause heart damage equal to having one other risk factor (such as family history or high cholesterol).

      However, without radiation, the odds of the cancer coming back are 25-40%. (Well, in certain cases - I don't know all the details of her stage etc, but I had the same cancer as her so I know some generalizations.) But since she was "just fine," her parents refused to take the risks above and instead took the much worse risk, and lost. The risk of recurrence should have been scarier, but people feel better about the risk of doing nothing than the risk of taking a treatment.

      --
      Warning: Apple/Nintendo fangirl. Likes her electronics cute & cuddly. May be rabid.
    8. Re:Cures and money. by timster · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I've never seen any evidence that shareholders vote in their own interest or in any logical fashion at all. Rather, it seems to be the norm to let the executive team run the company. Shareholders often vote with their feet, but this doesn't directly control a company's decisions, especially since the shareholders who hold (or buy) are likely to be those that have faith in the executive team.

      So individual choices might have more of an effect than you think. I remember an interview with an industry exec where he explained that his children (I think) had cystic fibrosis, and that gave him perspective that inspired him to push for new and better drugs.

      I'm sure that it's marketing when an exec speaks like that, but that doesn't mean it's completely false. There are a lot of drug companies still, and it's reasonable to expect that some of them act purely in self-interest while others take a broader view. There are many successful companies in many industries where building a better world is part of the corporate strategy.

      Perhaps I am merely being optimistic because I live essentially at the mercy of Wyeth-Ayerst and Fujisawa, but there you go.

      --
      I have seen the future, and it is inconvenient.
  2. Hopefully... by rwven · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I just hope these don't fade into the background as a lot of these types of things do. i think the world is ready for some cures...

  3. I dunno... by vykor · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Maybe I'm getting jaded these days, but it seems that every other week we have an announcement about a revolutionary breakthrough that's going to cure all these terminal conditions. And yet, we don't really seem to see masses of cancer patients getting cured outside these laboratory studies, in the way that antibiotics swept away most bacterial illnesses. Survival rates are up, sure, but most people are still dying and these conditions are still considered more or less terminal. Are the Powers That Be simply sitting on a bunch of cures, or do these things never turn out to be as promising as they were in experimental trials?

    1. Re:I dunno... by Otter · · Score: 5, Insightful
      Are the Powers That Be simply sitting on a bunch of cures...

      Yeah, that's it. We're spending billions of dollars on research to find cures and not sell them. Then when patients die, we burglarize their homes during the funeral. Profit!

      Look. Killing certain human cells while not killing all the rest of the cells is hard. It's a lot harder than killing a foreign pathogen without killing the human, which is already a lot harder than, say, rebooting a server or modifying a Perl script.

      ...or do these things never turn out to be as promising as they were in experimental trials?

      Also, please note that the cancer treatment here hasn't been in human trials. (The AIDS treatment has.) It hasn't even been in animals yet. Will it fail to be as promising as the hyperventilating press release makes out? There's a 99.9999% chance that it will.

  4. Re:Pineapple! by mrchaotica · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Nah, even if you eliminated the cancer, cigarettes still have a whole bunch of other bad side effects.

    --

    "[Regarding the 'cloud,'] ownership was what made America different than Russia." -- Woz

  5. Only a drug can treat an illness by vettemph · · Score: 2, Insightful

    >if it succeeds it will seek a commercial partner to develop a drug that could be used in human clinical trials.

    What they are saying is, "Unless we find a patentable and highly profitable way to secure this discovery, We won't bother."

    I welcome the return of more natural remedies. These drug companies aren't happy until they turn a natural remedy into something with side effects.

    --
    The government which is strong enough to protect you from everything is strong enough to take everything from you.
  6. Re:Still no cure for cancer... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    A cure for AIDs has existed for quite some time, it's called abstinence (probably not a difficult thing for most of the geeks here).

    AIDs can spread through shared needles and blood transfusions, but predominately it is contracted from unsafe sex. Rather than worrying about a cure, stop the infection to start.

  7. Oh, good! Another blithering, ignorant ideologue! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Insightful
    Wow. You might be a *complete* dumbass, but it will take scientific instrumentality to see how close to 100% you really are. Probably like 99.999999%

    Let us know how your herbs and ritual dances work on your cancer tumors, okay, Sport?

  8. In the Petri dish, it's very simple by paiute · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Back in the day, when one wrote a NSF grant proposal to fund the isolation, identification and synthesis of natural product, one always included prominently the fact that in vitro - in a Petri dish, the desired compound killed cancer cells. Hey presto - now it's an NIH grant proposal as well. The keywords antitumor, anticancer, etc. in the title were magic.

    Of course, these never became actual medicines. One realized over time that a sledgehammer will kill cancer cells in a Petri dish. As will a stick of dynamite or a teaspoonful of sodium cyanide or just driving over it with a Buick.

    Once you take into account that human biological system is slightly more complex than the Petri dish system, you will be less excited by the breathless prose of headline writers.

    --
    If Slashdot were chemistry it would look like this:Cadaverine
  9. Re:AIDS is not a virus by geon · · Score: 5, Insightful

    So, I guess the flu virus ain't a virus either, under the reasoning you exhibit above?

    AIDS is not a virus, but "AIDS virus" simply means "the virus that causes AIDS", just as "flu virus" means "the virus that causes the flu". Of course, the actual _name_ of the "AIDS virus" is HIV.

    The person writing the phrase "AIDS virus" knows what he means, as does everyone reading the phrase. There's not even anything misleading about it: AIDS referes to a syndrome which is caused by infection by HIV, and the phrase AIDS virus is just a reference to human immunodeficiency virus - nothing misleading about it. While I would prefer that someone refer to HIV as simply HIV, calling it the AIDS virus is not wrong.

    "AIDS vaccine" is slightly misleading, for the reason you give, but it is also a case of everyone involved knowing precisely what is meant, and no actual confusion is likely to result.

    +5 informative my arse. The above is not unlike complaining about the usage of who versus whom in some random sentence.

    (This post brought to you by a lack of coffee and a distaste for grammar fascism and related disorders.)

  10. Oh sure by A+nonymous+Coward · · Score: 5, Insightful

    And there's a cure for ebola, measles, smallpox ... abstinence from society. Total abstinence. That'll knock 'em dead.

    There's a cure for auto accidents, too, called the M1 Abrams tank. Mileage sucks, maintenance sucks, cost sucks, but by god, if we only let those people drive who could afford Abrams, why, we'd cut deaths from auto accidents down to almost zero.

    Or maybe you'd prefer banning automobiles altogether. Yeh, that'd stop auto accidents. Yeh.

    Get real. Expecting humans to abstain from sex except with their spouse is about as real as expecting people to stop speeding on the honor system. Especially when the number of people with AIDS in the US is around one million; one in 300. And with the incubation period being on the order of ten years, it sure isn't on people's minds all the time, especially when they get drunk or just plain feel good. Are you going to ban alcohol and feeling good too?

    It's real nice to spout platitudes about morality and abstinence being the only known cure, but it isn't a known cure because it doesn't stop transfusions or needle sharing spreading AIDs, and there are far more practical methods like using condoms. Are you part of the crowd that turns your nose up at recommending condoms to stop AIDs because it encourages amoral sex outside marriage? Must be nice to not have shit that stinks.

    Better to have a solution, condoms, which is widely used, even if it is only 95% effective, than some psuedo cure, alleged to be 100% effective, which is unusable in practice.

    Perfect is the enemy of good enough. Moral twerps have their heads up their asses.

    1. Re:Oh sure by Lifewish · · Score: 3, Insightful

      That sucks for those who contract it, but it's a good thing for the human race as a whole as these varieties are unlikely to survive very well - they'll kill all their hosts too quickly.

      Gotta love mathematics :(

      --
      For the love of God, please learn to spell "ridiculous"!!!
  11. Hello ... McFly ... Hello! by Luscious868 · · Score: 2, Insightful
    A cure for AIDs has existed for quite some time, it's called abstinence (probably not a difficult thing for most of the geeks here)

    From dictionary.com:

    Restoration of health; recovery from disease.

    Abstinence isn't a cure, abstinence is a form of prevention. If abstinence was a cure all you would have to do if you got AIDS is not have sex for a period of time.

    The only thing abstinence cures is a marriage. If neither partner has ever had sex before, especially with each other, then it's a shot in the dark as to weather or not they will have a healthy sex life once they are married. What if one loves sex and the other doesn't? What if one person thinks the other is horrible in the sack? The quickest route to divorce is a bad sex life. There's no way in hell I'd ever consider getting married before having sex with the women unless she was either rich (in which case if it didn't work, I'd get half her dough) or she was otherwise the perfect women in every way. Drop dead gorgeous, funny, smart, healthy, in good spirits almost 100% of the time, employed, energetic, willing to cook and clean if I handle the yard work, willing to be the primary caretaker if she wants children, willing to put up with all of my bullshit, willing to not complain that I spend "too much time with the guys", willing not to complain if she feels that "I never take her with me when I go out with the guys", willing to leave me along when I'm watching the game ... aka ... a women that doesn't exist.

    So in closing, you enjoy your abstinence and your either failed or unhappy marriange when you realize you don't click with your wife sexually, meanwhile I'll be chasing tail and really having a good time and when I finally do settle down and get married it'll either be a long and happy one or I'll come out of it rich.

    1. Re:Hello ... McFly ... Hello! by Ravatar · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The quickest route to divorce is a bad sex life. The quickest route to divorce is money-related issues.

    2. Re:Hello ... McFly ... Hello! by cheesybagel · · Score: 2, Insightful
      The quickest route to divorce is a bad sex life.

      Right. That must be why nearly noone used to get divorced at all when marriages were arranged and they only actually got to have sex *after* they were married.

      No, the basic reason for having divorce is when the couple loses patience. For a marriage to work, both need to concede on some things. People today do not wish to concede on anything, so marriages fail. Money usually being the problem.

  12. Re:HOW? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Maybe if you studied how biological research is done, you'd realize how easy it would be to test it. There's things called randomized clinical trials and epidemiological studies that would easily determine in a few years time whether or these things worked. But since you can't think of it, it can't be done! Whooo-hooo!

    Perhaps asking for volunteers in Africa (very high AIDS rate) might work though... if a noticable decrease occurred in the test area you've got a winner...

    Wow, are you in high school? Get a clue and take class on statistics or clinical trials in particular. You'll find well agreed upon methods that work!

  13. Re:C'mon folks, get real (yes please!) by Biodecoder · · Score: 2, Insightful

    As a biomedical scientist working in the field of HIV and immunology research in the past 15 years (having published over 40 papers in journals like Nature, Science) I fully and completely agree with Yeasbeast's comment. Where are the peer reviewed papers on these "major breakthroughs"?? If there was really a true breakthrough in either HIV or cancer research it would make it headline in Nature, Science or Cell, sorry to say /. headline only enhances these pure BS hype, because most don't quite understand the nature of biological research and discovery.

  14. Re:Call me a moralist but... by Dwonis · · Score: 2, Insightful
    It's not a matter of morality, it's a matter of self preservation.

    Precisely. Ever notice how some sort of marriage ceremony seems to be engrained in many otherwise distinct cultures? It leads me to suspect that what people like to call "sexual morality" is really just a survival trait that evolved as a result of natural selection. Recent research on sexual networks (example) seems to point to the same conclusion.

  15. HIV immunity has already been documented before. by spineboy · · Score: 2, Insightful
    THe HIV virus relies on a cell receptor molecule CCR-5 (cell chemokine receptor -5) that enables the virus entry into the white cell (CD-4 T cells to be precise). Certain people have a variant , or are defficient in that cell surface receptor, so that the HIV virus has nothing to "Grab" onto, and thus does not infect the person.

    Curent HIV vaccines rely on the fact that people seem to suffer no ill effects of not having this receptor and are currently a main focus of vaccine research.

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    ..........FULL STOP.