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Study Puts Hole In Comet Theory Of Life's Origin

Astervitude writes "A new study by US and Japanese scientists has put a serious dent into one version of the popular panspermia theory that credits comets for bringing the seeds of life to Earth. Surveys conducted by the University of Arizona, the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan and others now show that objects from the main asteroid belt between Jupiter and Mars were largely responsible for the period of Late Heavy Bombardment that ended 3.9 billion years ago. UA Professor Emeritus Robert Strom believes that no more than 10 percent of the Earth's water comes from comets and any oceans then extant would have been 'vaporized by the asteroid impacts during the cataclysm.'" Interesting, because this directly contradicts the Nova mini-series Origins that just finished running on PBS. Science never stops moving.

204 comments

  1. Futile work by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0, Flamebait
    Science never stops moving

    Let them continue their futile work. In the Bible they have already been told what really matters, but they refuse to listen.

    1. Re:Futile work by Floody · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Logic, m'boy, logic. If you're gonna spout off psuedo-science like the pros, you gotta get a hold of some logic.

      why would man and animals need eyes if they couldn't see before, sight is a very high-level ability, a creature without sight doesn't realise he needs it? What does "realise he needs it" have to do with anything? Evolution is not intentional, evolution is not a "force". Nothing decides to evolve. A species ability to visually perceive offers many advantages, depending on the environment. Mate recognition, prey recognition, predator awareness, etc.

      Also in 'natural selection' humans would have been eaten by everything without sight no matter how developed the brain was.

      Which humans? Modern humans? There's no sense behind those ears, boy! Modern humans can create weapons and modify their environment to prevent being "eaten by everything". If you're talking pre-historic humans, I'd be willing to bet that a fair number of them were eaten.

      Still, the ability to form even primitive weapons is an amazing advantage. Plus, do you really think people were always as they are today (physically, senses, etc)?

      If we came from the ocean then why can't we breath underwater and if we are the most 'evolved' of creatures then why are the birds flying around the earth like it's going out of fashion? We're wingless, can't go underwater without breathing equipment, the ascent of man? Yeah right.

      Who judges humanity as the "most evolved?" You? Last I checked, no mammals have gills, and the set of species that is truly amphibious is rather limited and primitve.

      How do you propose a warm blooded animal should go about absorbing the incredible amount of oxygen necessary to maintain a fast metabolism with something like gills? What does Genesis 1:1 have to say about that?

      I'm sure if these 'scientists' really thought about it, evolution is absured, mutation is more accurate, but I wasn't a piece of garbage from 10000 billion years ago. I mean even micro-biology points to an intended design. How come nobody talks about entropy no more? Oh if we we're the offspring of monkeys then why arn't monkeys turning into humans?

      Ahh, here we see the real truth. It's personal, isn't it? You just couldn't possibly have been from genetic lineage decended from something more primitive, could you? News flash buddy: Just because you want something to be a certain way, doesn't make it so.

      Your "intended design" is completely and totally without evidence in reality. The so-called "evidence" is nothing more than fanciful thought expirements based on theology rather than logic. Put it this way: any "designer" with the ability to exactingly design all the myriad forms of life is equally capable of "designing" a process by which life can adapt, change and mutate to best suit its environment over time. I suspect that a being with that much power is perfectly capable of making you an "offspring of monkeys", whether you like it or not.

      (pssst.. nobody's forgotten about entropy, it's just that we're all sick of listening to very confused creationists try to bend the second law of thermodynamics to fit their will)

    2. Re:Futile work by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Moron bit on the troll bait.

    3. Re:Futile work by cheekyboy · · Score: 1

      fool, aliens did it, not "GOD"

      If GOD was so great, he would leave us a real monolith with a truly hardcover bible.

      Why is GOD hiding and being mysterious, because hes not here thats why.

      --
      Liberty freedom are no1, not dicks in suits.
    4. Re:Futile work by stevelinton · · Score: 1

      why would man and animals need eyes if they couldn't see before, sight is a very high-level ability, a creature without sight doesn't realise he needs it? Also in 'natural selection' humans would have been eaten by everything without sight no matter how developed the brain was.

      Darwin himself deals with this in "The Origin of Species". There are many steps from the basic light/dark sensing that some bacteria have to the fully developed vertebrate eye. Every step gives an evolutionary advantage in some circumstances. Interestingly, it seems that these steps have been followed twice independently, once leading to the vertebrate eye, and once, independently to the eyes of the squid, which are almost identical, but actually a bit better. It seems that our version of the path ended up more or less by accident with the nerve connection on the front of the retina, blocking some light and needing hole (the blind spot) to get the nerves back to the brain. The squids got this one right and have the nerve connection at the back.

      If we came from the ocean then why can't we breath underwater and if we are the most 'evolved' of creatures then why are the birds flying around the earth like it's going out of fashion? We're wingless, can't go underwater without breathing equipment, the ascent of man? Yeah right.

      We are not "more evolved" than any other contemporary species. All of us are the products of about 4 billion years of evolution from some little understood primordial cell. At a number of points along the way, splits have occurred. Those individuals in a species that happened to be best adapted for the purpose took to pursuing one ecological "niche", others took another "niche". Perhaps they were separated by an ocean or a desert. Pressures of one niche drove gradual evolution in a direction incompatible with the other niche until you had two different species. For instance, early proto-amphibians specializing in spending time on land and eating insects or land plants had evolutionary pressure towards smaller gills, which used less energy to grow and lost less moisture to the air. End result, theit surviving descendants couldn't breathe underwater. Meanwhile their cousins who had stayed in the water were becoming better and better fish, with more and more sophisticated gills.

      How come nobody talks about entropy no more?

      Sorry? Any statistical physics textbook talks about entropy, which is where it belongs. The entropy of the Universe as a whole is increasing, because all the high grade energy locked up in unfused hydrogen in stars is slowly turning into low-grade heat energy. Temporary local increases in apparent complexity (like life, humanity, culture, etc.) are just tiny "curlicues" on this big picture from a statistical physics point of view.

      Oh if wewe're the offspring of monkeys then why arn't monkeys turning into humans?

      We're not their offspring, we're their cousins. Some of our common ancestors found themselves in a situation where hairlessness, swimming, two-legged running and living in larger groups favoured survival. We are the descendants of that group. Others found themselves in an environment where moving around in trees, living in smaller groups and so on was best. Their descendants are chimps, gorillas and so on,

  2. So... by dan+dan+the+dna+man · · Score: 4, Funny

    New study by scientists disagrees with programme made by television professionals to give the illusion of education to the masses?

    Shocking! ;)

    --
    I don't read your sig, why do you read mine?
    1. Re:So... by Guppy06 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      No no, we're talking about Nova on PBS, not the Discovery Channel.

  3. Heh. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "...the popular panspermia theory that credits comets for bringing the seeds of life to Earth.

    Popular AND full of innuendo.

    Besides, we all know that Gil Gerard used a time machine, went back, and ejaculated into the primordial ooze.

    1. Re:Heh. by Tatarize · · Score: 5, Insightful

      Personally I always hate panspermia. It seemed to fail Occams Razor pretty soundly. Yes, life on this planet came from an asteroid or comet from another planet. Well, if life can exist there to bring it here why can't it just develop here. Seemed like a big waste of time to me. I see no reason we cannot have a homegrown abiogensis on good old Earth. It's not like we hit some major hitch and need an alternate explanation that explains nothing.

      --

      It is no longer uncommon to be uncommon.
    2. Re:Heh. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      It is not a question of whether or not it could have developed on Earth, but a question of whether or not it did.

      Hating a theory (that might correctly describe what happened to bring life to Earth) because it doesn't explain the origins of life seems a bit short sighted, no?

    3. Re:Heh. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's cuz I'm always spraying it all over your pretty little face.

    4. Re:Heh. by Tablizer · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Well, if life can exist there to bring it here why can't it just develop here. Seemed like a big waste of time to me. I see no reason we cannot have a homegrown abiogensis on good old Earth. It's not like we hit some major hitch and need an alternate explanation that explains nothing.

      The best place to form and spread from may not necessarily be the best place to grow up. Maybe life on Earth originated in Jupiter's atmosphere or moons, for example, and then spread to Earth. Earth may be a better place to grow more diverse and complicated. It is sort of a "comparative advantage" of life economics.

    5. Re:Heh. by garat · · Score: 1

      One thing that favors panspermia is that if life developed on Earth instead, then that would be granting a great amount of special significance on this planet; it's kind of (not completely as it doesn't disallow life forming on other planets) like saying that the earth is the center of the universe. Why are we so special?

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    6. Re:Heh. by utnow · · Score: 1

      It's required because they're having trouble explaining where all of this stuff came from, so they simply assign it to "the great beyond" and don't have to worry about it anymore.

      Saying that life arrived here on a comet isn't even slighly better than saying God put it here. Neither are explainations, just excuses.

    7. Re:Heh. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Depends on how you look at it. It might be helpful to think of (1) the chance of life popping out of raw ingredients versus (2) the chance of life spreading from planet to planet (and surviving the environmental transition).
      If 2 is pretty high and 1 is pretty low (comparatively), then it seems like the most straightforward answer. OTOH, if 1 is pretty high and 2 is pretty low, then it does seem to be too convoluted to be realistic.

    8. Re:Heh. by Tatarize · · Score: 1

      One thing that favors panspermia is that if life developed on Earth instead, then that would be granting a great amount of special significance on this planet;

      The theory of reverse Copernicus? Since we are not the center of the universe, nothing can happen here. I know where you're coming from. Too many ideas have been wrong who's only merit was that it made us seem more special. But, here panspermia has no merit and the other idea is quite plausible.

      I don't see abiogensis showing that life is really really hard to cook up. And I'm not going to accept a theory with no merit because it supposes something important happened here. Why not suggest that Music is really amazing and why do we think we are so special to have invented it ourselves. It obviously must be aliens who invented everything and made everything happen. Because nothing can happen here.

      Also, I don't really think we are that special. I don't think abiogensis is that jaw-dropping. What's actually jaw-dropping is 2 billion years of evolution to lead to us. But, surely that makes us seem overly special, I'm sure some alien rocks made us evolve too. It's not hard to get a few proteins to stick together (oversimplification), saying that it has to be done elsewhere to de-special Earth is stupid. There's such a thing as overcompensation. You're just outsourcing the special to something unneeded. I'm not saying we are the center of the universe, I'm just saying there's no evidence for panspermia or reason to even suppose that it's true.

      --

      It is no longer uncommon to be uncommon.
    9. Re:Heh. by Tatarize · · Score: 1

      It is not a question of whether or not it could have developed on Earth, but a question of whether or not it did.

      You are making things more complex needlessly. You might as well ask that I accept panspermia on faith. With no evidence you are adding like two steps to the process. Life developing elsewhere, surviving two impact events (count them one to knock them off Genesis world and another to land here), and ending up here. To counteract the typical theory that only involves 'life developing here', which, to date, doesn't need any help.

      Perhaps we should rule out the simple and plausible before jumping to alien microbes seeding our planet, from far off distant worlds, surviving two major impact events, radiation and empty space needed to make the journey here.

      --

      It is no longer uncommon to be uncommon.
    10. Re:Heh. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Point taken, but I was merely saying it shouldn't be ruled out (and hated) as a theory. I was not saying that lots of resource should be devoted to investigating it. It was the unhelpful and unscientific attitude of the parent post that I was objecting to.

  4. But then again... by nxtr · · Score: 2, Insightful
    1. Re:But then again... by sbaker · · Score: 5, Funny

      > 80 percent of all studies are wrong...

      Which means that there is only a 20% chance that the study that shows that "80% of studies are wrong" is right.

      Which means that we have no idea what the probability of error is without doing a lot more studies on the subject.

      My head hurts.

      --
      www.sjbaker.org
    2. Re:But then again... by mondoterrifico · · Score: 1

      Heh that says 50 percent. Regardless, as long as it isn't a negative percentage, Science can move forward. :)
      Think about it. 50 percent is correct. Science builds on itself, therefore as long as at some time, some of the ideas being discussed are in fact correct, science as we understand the term will progress.
      It is a misunderstanding of how Science progresses that would lead someone to think that anywhere near 100 percent of papers discussed were accurate, is needed.

    3. Re:But then again... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Sure we do ... there's a 4% chance that the "80% of studies are wrong" study is right. Of course, there is an 80% chance I'm wrong ...

    4. Re:But then again... by Scarblac · · Score: 1

      Which means that there is only a 20% chance that the study that shows that "80% of studies are wrong" is right.


      That's a pity though. Suppose the study was exactly right. Then the people who did that study have a way to tell which studies are true and which are not.


      All we'd need to do then is submit all studies made to that panel, _before_ publication. We'd get to 100% immediately!


      --
      I believe posters are recognized by their sig. So I made one.
  5. Well duh! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Funny

    We all know that the Flying Spaghetti Monster created life, you fools!

    1. Re:Well duh! by Colbalt+Blue · · Score: 1

      Interesting theory. If I get you right it goes something like that ...

      1. Flying Spaghetti Monster creates life.
      2. Life evolves into humans
      3. Humans evolve into Italians
      4. Italians create spaghetti
      5. Spaghetti evolves into Flying Spaghetti Monster
      6. Goto step 1

      I think that pretty much ends all debate between creation and evolution.

    2. Re:Well duh! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Correct. It was my idea. I'm glad you were able to understand it.

    3. Re:Well duh! by cosinezero · · Score: 1

      But it sure renews debate on "Does the chicken come before the egg?"... because we all know, egg is needed in noodles.

  6. Why by Enoch+Lockwood · · Score: 0

    Why would it be easier to believe that life began elsewhere than to assume that life started here on Earth? Is there some particular reason not to believe that the life on Earth got started on Earth?

    1. Re:Why by sbaker · · Score: 4, Insightful

      > Why would it be easier to believe that life began elsewhere
      > than to assume that life started here on Earth?

      Two reasons:

      1) We have some idea of the early conditions on Earth - but maybe
            we have a hard time believing that those were conducive to
            forming life from scratch. If life started elsewhere then there
            is almost no limit to the range of concievable temperatures, pressures,
            gravity, radiation and chemical environments in which it might
            ultimately have formed.

      2) Time: Is the Earth old enough for that very early phase of going
            from completely non-biological materials to DNA, cell walls, etc?
            If not - then panspermia explains that by saying that life was
            around in some other place LONG before the Earth was formed.

      So panspermia allows for a scientific explanation of life's formation
      that is perhaps more plausible than formation on early Earth.

      --
      www.sjbaker.org
    2. Re:Why by Ingolfke · · Score: 2, Insightful

      So panspermia allows for a scientific explanation of life's formation
      that is perhaps more plausible than formation on early Earth.


      Scientific? Sounds to me like you have a untestable theory for the origins of life. You can test components of the theory, but ultimately you always be able to say... well sure it came from somewhere else, but it's been millions/billions of years and all of the concrete evidence has been washed away.

    3. Re:Why by TheRaven64 · · Score: 1

      Actually, the theory is testable. If you find life elsewhere, and can show a common evolutionary ancestor, then it is probable that it is correct. If, however, it has no common ancestor with life on earth (e.g. completely different cell structure, or not even cells as we know them), then it is safe to say that life began in different places independently.

      --
      I am TheRaven on Soylent News
    4. Re:Why by sigzero · · Score: 1

      No it isn't testable. "If you find life elsewhere" is like saying "If God showed himself" then creationism would be right. You are making sweeping assumptions that cannot be tested.

    5. Re:Why by cnettel · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Notice he has two parts in the statement. IF we detect life elsewhere, we can make comparisons. Life elsewhere, in itself, wouldn't be the proof, it's just a necessary condition to make observations. Many other theories on the origin and nature of early life could be strengthened or invalidated if we found it elsewhere and had more than a single sample to study. This is not unique to the theory of panspermia, although of course the outcome validating the theory would be that both samples available to us would in fact show enough similarities to indicate a common origin.

    6. Re:Why by FidelCatsro · · Score: 1

      I'm waiting for God to show up and Say "Actually I evolved"

      --
      The only things certain in war are Propaganda and Death. You can never be sure which is which though
    7. Re:Why by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Your claim of it not being testable, makes no sense at all. While his claim of testability does.

      Just because getting to other stars and looking for life there is hard, does not make it untestable. You just need exceptional patience. On the other hand if you are actually arguing there is no firm evidence right now for it, you are ofcourse correct. But that wasn't what the parent was talking about.

      Anycase, please try to define more clearly what your objection is more clearly next time, as it is I can't quite figure out your logic and have thus made quite a few assumptions on what I think you meant.

    8. Re:Why by jav1231 · · Score: 1

      Are you on crack? How the fuck is that testable? Find any life on another planet? Better call NASA because THEY haven't found it yet. Talk about propaganda.

    9. Re:Why by sbaker · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I didn't say that we necessarily need panspermia to explain the origins of life, or that the theory is testable.

      If we find a perfectly good explanation for the origins of life on Earth - then that is still not proof that life actually did start here.

      That means that Panspermia is unfalsifyable - which is a bad thing for a scientific theory. All you can do is to presume that it's false until someone proves otherwise.

      But the previous post questioned why Panspermia could possibly be of any help in explaining the origin problem. I merely pointed out the theoretical possibility that Panspermia might some day be an important explanation of how this happened.

      If you somehow managed to utterly PROVE that life could not possibly have originated on early Earth, science would be in deep trouble without something like the Panspermia theory which allows one to hypothesise other sets of conditions and longer timescales.

      Suppose we found evidence that life could not have formed without some particular chemical compound that cannot ever have existed at earthly temperatures and pressures? Then you'd be forced to admit that life started elsewhere. In a sense, you could prove panspermia by showing that life could not have come from early earth. Given that there is demonstrably life here now, you'd have proven that it had to have come from elsewhere.

      A true test of Panspermia would require us to find another planet - perhaps one very similar to Earth and to demonstrate that life here and life there shared striking similarities that could not have arisen by chance. For example, if both life forms had similar long stretches of 'junk' DNA. You'd be unable to show that the 'life originated on earth' theory was true anymore because by symmetry, it might have arisen on planet-X and travelled here instead of the other way around.

      So Panspermia might be proved, conclusively. If we found evidence of life on (say) Mars and could demonstrate that this life bore striking resemblances to Earthly life. You'd then be forced to admit that the overwhelmingly most likely explanation was that life could travel from one planet to another. You'd still be left with the question of whether it originated on Earth, on Mars or in some yet other place...but the idea that life could be formed in one place and travel to another would be demonstrably true.

      --
      www.sjbaker.org
    10. Re:Why by PineHall · · Score: 1

      The earliest evidence for life is 3.8 billion years ago. The time the earth cooled to form solid mantle is about 4.0 billions years ago. (Or to go further back the earth formed about 4.3-4.5 billion years ago.) Was about 200 million years enough time for simple life, which is really not very simple, to evolve and then survive during the meteorite bombardment that was happening then?

      I think this is a big problem for the current theory. Panspermia pushes this problem off earth and gives the possibility of enough time for random chance to allow simple life to form. I still think this theory and other ideas evolutionists have with the orgins of life are too improbable.

    11. Re:Why by FidelCatsro · · Score: 1

      It is investigable , I wouldn't say it was testable yet though .

      --
      The only things certain in war are Propaganda and Death. You can never be sure which is which though
    12. Re:Why by deimtee · · Score: 1

      200 million years is actually quite a long time.
      Given daily twice daily tides thats sufficient for 146000000000 mixing cycles and 73000000000 heat/cool cyles in a chemical bath the size of all of Earth's coastlines. That gives a pretty good chance of developing a simple chemical replicator, and once you have that evolution takes care of the rest.

      --
      I'm guessing that wasn't on their radar screen...
    13. Re:Why by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      no you make no sense at all. see if we found very simple prokaryotic ancestors on earth and similar ones on another planet, it wouldn't prove anything at all. they would of course be similar regardless of if they had a common ancestor because to be an ancestor it would have to be pretty much the absolute most basic form of life. life would always form at the very basic level in the same way. life is chemical reactions and chemical reactions happening on earth happen the same way throughout the universe. it' too fucking simple a thing to have meaningful deviations.

    14. Re:Why by JLF65 · · Score: 1

      Ignorant people ALWAYS say things like this. Sorry, but no matter how long you shake a box of parts, a working computer will not come out of it. Putting chemicals into water and mixing it will never result in anything beyond a few simple amino acids. Work in labs on simulating "primordial ooze" clearly shows this to be a fact.

      The simplest forms of life require many complex amino acids in complicated arrangements all working together. One single protein is usually a chain of hundreds to thousands of amino acids in a very specific sequence. No amount of mixing will ever result in one, much less the hundreds of proteins and enzymes needed to make a single celled organism.

      THAT is why they make theories about life coming from the stars. The "primordial soup" theory is so much bunk.

    15. Re:Why by mrRay720 · · Score: 1

      Wow, what a completely inept analogy. Of course computer parts won't randomly create a computer when shook, but that's because unlike molecues that are not self arranging.

      Funny, you can mix oxygen and hydrogen, add a bit of heat and BAM! water. Funny how all of those atoms arranged themselves into H2O molecules. That can't be though - all we did was shake, heat, and mix. From your computer parts analogy we have solid proof that water can never form!

      Oh and those experiments in test tubes - call be back after they have a planet sized test tube that they've left running on a contiunuous test for 200m years. Then your bizarre claim will sound more like 'proof' than "it didn't happen in a test tube during 24 hours, so it'll never ever ever happen anywhere!"

    16. Re:Why by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I KNOW that life evolved this way.
      Jesus TOLD me so.
      I have FAITH.

    17. Re:Why by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Or 'Hey, who the hell are you people and what are you doing here?'

    18. Re:Why by DavidTC · · Score: 1
      200 million years is actually quite a long time.

      I'm stealing this for my .sig

      --
      If corporations are people, aren't stockholders guilty of slavery?
  7. So why does this contradict panspermia? by sbaker · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Sure, this is an interesting paper with important ramifications - but I don't see how it has any bearing on the theory of panspermia.

    Surely it only takes one tiny droplet of life-carrying comet water to make it into earth's early oceans without being boiled into sterility. If conditions were right, that initial small pocket of bacteria or virii could multiply to cover the planet in a matter of years.

    You can't tell me that over millions of years and millions of impacts, not one would come down at a sufficiently low speed or favorable grazing angle to gently melt comet ice into an existing ocean.

    Given what we've observed of Mars meteorites ending up on Earth, it's perfectly possible for life from one part of the universe to spread from planet to planet - and even solar system to solar system.

    If you buy into the idea that there was life elsewhere in the universe long before life has been found to have existed on Earth - then panspermia is very possible.

    My problem with that theory is that it doesn't answer any questions about how life formed in the first place. There still has to be an origin world - and explaining how life appeared there is just as hard as explaining how it might have formed here in the absence of panspermia.

    --
    www.sjbaker.org
    1. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by PakProtector · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Yes, but, as you point out, the Problem with the Idea of Panspermia is that it does not explain how life arose -- it just shifts the blame for it (as it were) elsewhere.

      --

      Edward@Tomato - /home/Edward/ man woman
      man: no entry for woman in the manual.
      "Qua!?"

    2. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Insightful

      The slashdot summary is misleading at best. Strom et al. are not saying that panspermia is wrong. What they are saying is that most of the water on Earth did not come from comet impacts.

    3. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by bmgoau · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Increasingly complex molecules competed for energy and material to form larger and more sustainable molecules. The molecules that arranged themselves by chance to absorb the most energy and strongest structure surivied the longest, and this process continued until basic structures combined in a symbiotic relationship that would help sustain the period of those structures existance. This process continues until basic cell structures formed, and again combined by chance to form larger structures. Eventually the strongest and most energy effecient structure was developed by chance through the process of natural selection until we had basic repoductive structures. Mutations which led to longer life and thus more chance of reproduction continued until movement and adaption were constituents, from there entire structures began to work together to from basic cells, which over time developed processes for reproduction and survival through chance combination and mutation. Cells began to grow in complexity in a bid for survival, by chance some began working together to form multicellular groups, which became organisms with adaption relative to the abilities of each cell, then came encoded cellular variation to ensure multicellular groups continued to form by precedence. Over much time increased numbers of simple structures combined to form larger and more complex structures witht he ability for their own kenetic movement beyond growth, because of the natural selection of moveable multicellular organisms made them more adaptable then others and thus more likely to reproduce. Eventually all sorts of mutation and chance combination occured which would lead to ever more complex structures with better adaptability till the first regonizable biological systems formed. From there we have basic sea life and countless steps later down the evolution chain, human beings.

      Of course, it might be out of order, and one would have to know that the time this would take would be immense.

      For those who make the chance argument, stateing that such complex structures canot possibly arise by chance i say:

      Look at the size of the universe, there must be at least 125 billion galaxies, each with roughly 100 billion stars, each with the possibility of terrestrial planetoids, each with a massive surface area with plenty or energy and materials for the possibility of forming the molecular strutuces by chance that are a prelude to life. Then take that number, and times it by the age of most galaxies.....All of a sudden the chance doesnt seem so small.

      As for complexities, whos to say life is complex, its equally possible that life is mearly countless basic systems working symbiotically for the goal of survival and reproduction. I give the cargo cult as ana example: In World War 2 several tribes worshiped American cargo planes because the ability and complexities of human flight were so vast to them that the cargo planes could only be explained as items of a supernatural nature. It never appeared to them that these planes were not godly and no complex beyond their understanding, such is a cargo plane simply a number of systems discovered by humans by chance working in parrallel.

      As for thurther complexity: If life is so complex that the possibility of chance is so small, then how does one explain oru manipulation of life, for example insulin producing bacteria, or the mapping of the genome. How does one explain the evolution and appearance of new viruses and bacterial strains by chance.

      Life is beautiful, it is wonderous and magestic, but it is not beyond our understanding. It arose by chance, it's growth is determined by evolution and it is not complex. It just appears that way to some.

      I always think, that maybe the reason ID and creationalists fight progress and science is they think that discovery is taking the magic and beauty away from life. But instead, what they dont realise, is that all it is doing it discovering more beautiful and wonderous details. We are not finding answers, only more questions. We are giving power to ourselves and whatever purpose we serve. There is no need to be afraid, no need to be ignorant, only a need to be open to the wonders that surround us and fuel the need for discovery that comes with conscienceness.

    4. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by StuckInSyrup · · Score: 4, Informative

      If conditions were right, that initial small pocket of bacteria or virii could multiply to cover the planet in a matter of years.

      I do not disagree completely, but one word is definitely wrong in this sentence. Virii.
      A virus is a parasitic lifeform, that "lives" only inside of a living cell. No cell - no life, no multiplication, no evolution and no spreadnig. Outside of a living cell a virus is an inactive lump of protein and nucleic acid.
      Other tahn that, a virus is a potent driver of evolution by mixing up its host genome, possibly creating new genetic structures.

      --
      Ni.
    5. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by sbaker · · Score: 1

      My apologies - you are absolutely right of course. With no pre-existing life to infect, a virus couldn't reproduce. So strike that word.

      --
      www.sjbaker.org
    6. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by smallfeet · · Score: 2, Informative

      %60 of systems seem to be binary or trinary, not good for life to develope. Planets would need to be in the "goldylocks" zone where water is liquid much of the time. And there are about 5-6 other factors that would limit development of life elsewhere. There will still be a lot of good planets, but not anywhere near as many as you suggest.

    7. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Insightful

      Look at the size of the universe, there must be at least 125 billion galaxies, each with roughly 100 billion stars, each with the possibility of terrestrial planetoids, each with a massive surface area with plenty or energy and materials for the possibility of forming the molecular strutuces by chance that are a prelude to life. Then take that number, and times it by the age of most galaxies.....All of a sudden the chance doesnt seem so small.

      The size and age of the universe are meaningless if you don't have any other informaton to go on.

      The universe could have been a billion times larger and a billion times older, and still had no life in it, if the chance of life developing were sufficiently small. If the chance of life developing were zero, then you could have an infinitely large universe of infinite age, and it would contain no life. That's simple mathematics.

      So, basically, you looking at the universe and saying "wow, it's big, no wonder there's life" is no more meaningful than a creationist looking at the universe and saying "wow, it's big, that proves God exists". Neither of you is making a comment with any scientific content or value whatsoever.

      We simply don't have the data to draw any conclusions about the likelihood of life having developed here, or elsewhere. We don't have the data to draw any conclusions at all about how common life is likely to be in the universe; basically, it is just as plausible that our world is unique, as that there is some form of life in every galaxy.

      Let's wait for science to find some evidence before we start jumping to conclusions, okay?

    8. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by bmgoau · · Score: 2, Insightful

      I never suggested that the enviroment neccisary for life would be common, i mearly stated that given the scope of the universe it is probable that many systems like ours could exist. Of course, given lifes adaptability, it is ignorant to assume that the environment here is the one specifically needed for life. for instance we have already seen life in cave that never see light, and entire ecosystems surviving off the heat from volcanic vents.

      Life will find a way, and given the scope of the universe, even if such systems were uncommon, as you stated, there would still be numorous possibilities.

      some quick math tells me that even if a habitat suitiable for life was 0.1%, there would still be 150000000000000000000 locations in the universe.

      0.01% gives 15000000000000000000

      both these numbers to me are very nice, but still to optimistic.

      Lets just say that solar systems like our own were only .00000001% of the systems in the universe. There would still be 150000000000000 locations close to supporting life.

      Of course, all of this remains speculative, and massively over optemistic, until we start reaching for the stars.

      But i will continue to say, that given the scope of the universe, the time avaliable and lifes adaptability, I believe life will be a very common occurance throughout the universe, it may just not be in the way of anything that would resemble life to us.

    9. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by bmgoau · · Score: 1

      To add:

      To paraphrase Carl Sagan:

      "If it is just us, it seems like and awful waste of space"

    10. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by sbaker · · Score: 1

      OK - so 125 Giga-galaxies times 100 Giga-stars per galaxy times...what...2 planets per star on the average?

      That's maybe 25,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 planets. ...any you're claming the problem is that 60% of those are uninhabitable because or binary stars? Oh dear...only 12,500,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 left.

      --
      www.sjbaker.org
    11. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by 1u3hr · · Score: 1
      don't see how it has any bearing on the theory of panspermia.

      It doesn't. According to TFA:

      Comets have played a relatively minor role in inner solar system impacts, Strom, Malhotra and Kring also conclude from their work. Contrary to popular belief, probably no more than 10 percent of Earth's water has come from comets, Strom said.
      10% of Earth's water is a FUCK of a lot of water (137 million km3); and in that you only need one living cell to colonise the whole planet in a very short time geologically. It seems the submitter either had an agenda, or thought he had to sex up the story to have it posted; sadly the Slashdot editors went along for the ride and even quote irrelevant TV science into the bargain. Since Slashdot earns money by the hit, any pretext to stir up yet another Creationism flame war is good business.
    12. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by sigzero · · Score: 1

      It is so highly improbable that life arose by "chance" to make it virtually impossible. What are the chances of a volcano exploding and making a nice house? That is pretty much the same thing.

    13. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by w9ofa · · Score: 1

      Your reasoning, when broken down, consists of statements like this:

      1.) X is true
      2.) Therefore, Y

      Note, that the statements have no relationship other than being part of your argument. If you are confused, I can make a few examples:

      1.) The universe is big and old
      2.) Life must have sprung into existance randomly.

      Or

      1.) Someone found a previously unknown strain of bacteria
      2.) Life must have sprung into existance randomly.

      Go read a good introductory philosophy book if you are still confused about why this is wrong.

    14. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by Decaff · · Score: 1

      %60 of systems seem to be binary or trinary, not good for life to develope. Planets would need to be in the "goldylocks" zone where water is liquid much of the time. And there are about 5-6 other factors that would limit development of life elsewhere. There will still be a lot of good planets, but not anywhere near as many as you suggest.

      These requirements are a myth. Even with the assumption that life requires liquid water, the idea liquid water only exists within a 'Goldilocks' or 'just right' zone based on distance from a Sun is clearly wrong - there is almost certainly liquid water under a layer of ice on Europa due to tidal heating. The same is likely on Callisto and it even is possible that the same conditions may arise on moons of Saturn.

      As for binary or trinary star systems - providing the stars are sufficiently separated (by at least several light hours or days) there is plenty of room for stable planetary systems to form around each star.

    15. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      My problem with that theory is that it doesn't answer any questions about how life formed in the first place. There still has to be an origin world - and explaining how life appeared there is just as hard as explaining how it might have formed here in the absence of panspermia.

      To quote the old lady who Stephen Hawkings quoted, "It's turtles all the way down."

    16. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      the point is, in an infinite universe, anything is possible.

      Obviously the percentage chance of life forming in the universe cant be 0%, our own existance proves that. Given the enormity of the universe, and the incomprehensibly long periods of time given (the big bang is theorized to be almost 14 Billion years ago), even something that has only a 0.000000000000000000000001% chance becomes almost a certainty.

      It only really becomes amazing when you get into intelligent life forming, given that you must have not only life, but incredibly complex life forms in many different variations with symbiotic connections to other life forms.

      Then when you get into technologically advanced life. We as humans could never have developed technology without fire. So a species could be as intelligent as us, even more intelligent, but would never develop technology if they, for example, lived in an atmosphere that was not as coducive to fire as ours, or lived underwater.

      Each one of these steps, from single-cellular life, to complex life forms, to intelligent life forms, to technologically capable life forms, to civilization, are exponentially less likely than the one preceding it. It is concievable that the universe is teeming with single-cellular life, but that our planet is the only one which has reached the (as far as we know) uppermost stage of complexity. But, once again, given the enormity of the universe & the lengths of time available, they each become almost a certainty.

      The fact that we dont understand today how life originates doesnt mean that we can never understand. Only a couple generations ago we didnt have the slightest clue about the nature of matter, gravity, light, or electricity, does that mean that our forefathers were incapable of understanding these concepts? Of course not. We are no more intelligent than they were, just better informed. Just as our descendants will (hopefully) be about the things we dont understand today.

    17. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by Tablizer · · Score: 1

      Yes, but, as you point out, the Problem with the Idea of Panspermia is that it does not explain how life arose -- it just shifts the blame for it (as it were) elsewhere.

      Well, that is another topic. The theory is that a relatively simple protein by random accident had the ability to replicate itself. Mutations and natural selection eventually provided it the ability to become a more efficient replicator. Nobody knows the simplest possible "starter" protein.

      But where a space original may simplify the theory is that it provides a wider "probability pool" for the happy accident to happen. Life may have arisen from some distant planet and spread into intergalactic space via bombardment, supernovea explosions, etc. Newer research has suggested that certain kinds of bacteria spores can survive in rocky chunks blown out of collisions. Other high-altitude types perhaps may be blown into the cosmic wind and have radiation-hardiness evolved from living so high in the atmosphere. Remember, the universe was about 10 billion years old already when earth formed.

      It may be that life can spread without having to evolve independently on each planet. It only would then have to evolve one or a few times in each galaxy.

    18. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by PakProtector · · Score: 1

      Today I'm feeling Whimsical.

      Well, that is another topic. The theory is that a relatively simple protein by random accident had the ability to replicate itself. Mutations and natural selection eventually provided it the ability to become a more efficient replicator. Nobody knows the simplest possible "starter" protein.

      Well, it probably wasn't something that happened in liquid water, as the reactions of the sort that create proteins -- turning monomers into polymers -- are not energetically favorable in a liquid medium.

      But where a space original may simplify the theory is that it provides a wider "probability pool" for the happy accident to happen.

      Uh, Hi there. You and me? You see, we're having this conversation. About the probability. OF life having arisen. I'd say probability in excess of .99...

      Intelligent life, on the other hand...

      Life may have arisen from some distant planet and spread into intergalactic space via bombardment, supernovea explosions, etc. Newer research has suggested that certain kinds of bacteria spores can survive in rocky chunks blown out of collisions. Other high-altitude types perhaps may be blown into the cosmic wind and have radiation-hardiness evolved from living so high in the atmosphere. Remember, the universe was about 10 billion years old already when earth formed.

      You're still avoiding my point.

      It may be that life can spread without having to evolve independently on each planet. It only would then have to evolve one or a few times in each galaxy.

      That's great. However, my point still stands. Panspermia says nothing about how life originally arose. It's just like going, "Oh, life? How it started? Came from the stars, you know... Oh, life? How it started? Came from the..."

      --

      Edward@Tomato - /home/Edward/ man woman
      man: no entry for woman in the manual.
      "Qua!?"

    19. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by Tablizer · · Score: 1

      I am not sure what you are getting at. The formation of original life is a different topic/subject/discipline. Panspermia is about it's spread, not first origin.

    20. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by PakProtector · · Score: 1

      My point is is that Panspermia is often used to avoid that question entirely.

      --

      Edward@Tomato - /home/Edward/ man woman
      man: no entry for woman in the manual.
      "Qua!?"

    21. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by Tablizer · · Score: 1

      My point is is that Panspermia is often used to avoid that question entirely.

      Well, some people would rather redirect you back to topics they know more about. Instead, try to find experts/material on the chemical origin of life somewhere else.

    22. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by glitch23 · · Score: 0

      My problem with that theory is that it doesn't answer any questions about how life formed in the first place. There still has to be an origin world - and explaining how life appeared there is just as hard as explaining how it might have formed here in the absence of panspermia.

      Ever hear of the Bible? Read it sometime; it actually has some answers you are looking for. The Big Bang gave us something from nothing but the ball of matter that exploded had to have come from somewhere right? But how if we had nothing already? Things like this can be answered if you actually consider that a higher power was involved.

      By the way, the plural of "virus" is "viruses".

      --
      this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom. -- Lincoln, Gettysburg Address
    23. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by JLF65 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Proteins are made from amino acids. Twenty types of amino acids are arranged in a specific order to make a particular protein or enzyme. Let's look at a simple protein - say 100 amino acids long. Let's be optimistic and say that all twenty needed amino acids are available in any quantity. Well, now we need one of twenty different amino acids to join with one of twenty others, then have that join to one of twenty others, and so. 1/20 * 1/20 * 1/20 * ... for one hundred amino acids. Multiply it out - it's 1 chance in 20 to the 100th power. The number in the parent post is 1.25 times 10 to the 25th power. See the problem? The odds of SIMPLE proteins forming are INCREDIBLY small. Forget about complex proteins and enzymes and sugars, and TOTALLY FORGET about then having them just happen to work together by some major miracle. The odds just don't favor that happening. That's also forgetting that lab experiments on "primordial ooze" only show the formation of a couple simple amino acids, not all twenty that life uses.

    24. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by cheekyboy · · Score: 1

      A human fault and trait, we always are programmed to believe in a beginning and end.

      Whos to say that the universe isnt infinite in age, and life always was here, (15b age is a theory, what if we just cant see past 15b LY)

      --
      Liberty freedom are no1, not dicks in suits.
    25. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by mrRay720 · · Score: 1

      Right, because out of those uncountable number of possible arrangements for proteins, the only ones possible for life are the ones we use.

      Did it never occur to you that perhaps we don't use the proteins we use because they are the only molecute capable of the job, bu merely because they are the ones that were at hand?

      Don't be so damn arrogant and idiotic assuming that what you see is all that is possible.

      There are countless billions of potential protein arrangements that could help life arise - we just happen to be using a few of them, but that does not make those few special in any particular way.

    26. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by PakProtector · · Score: 1

      Yes, but where life first arose is not nearly as important a question as how it arose in the first place, unless you're trying to understand how.

      --

      Edward@Tomato - /home/Edward/ man woman
      man: no entry for woman in the manual.
      "Qua!?"

    27. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by skintigh2 · · Score: 1

      I thought the same thing. All it takes is for one single comet to break off piece that has life on it that is small enough to land in an ocean without vaporizing itself.

      Besides, I though it was proven that amino acids can survive impact, along with leptides. Someone should run that same test with spores and single cell life.

    28. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by stevelinton · · Score: 1

      Panspermia would require life to have arrived in a rather narrow window of time, between the last time at which the Earth's oceans were boiled by an impact, and the earliest time at which life was known to have existed. The simulation suggests that this would not have been a time at which many comets were hitting Earth, which, while not conclusive, is not supporting.

    29. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by ifwm · · Score: 2, Insightful

      And yet over a sufficient number of trials, "essentially impossible" becomes "certain."

      If the chances are one in a hundred trillion trillion trillion, and you have 9 hundred trillion trillion trillion trials, it can be expected to happen nine times.

      Essentially impossible is just a way for people to discount the improbable, because realistically, it's either impossible or not. There isn't any middle ground.

    30. Re:So why does this contradict panspermia? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      > Then when you get into technologically advanced life. We as humans could never have developed technology without fire. So a species could be as intelligent as us, even more intelligent, but would never develop technology if they, for example, lived in an atmosphere that was not as coducive to fire as ours, or lived underwater.

      How do you figure this holds true for other hypothetical aliens? In an infinite universe, after all, anything is possible.

  8. misleading summary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    The article says that 10% of the earths water may have come from comets. That's a lot of water.

    1. Re:misleading summary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's nothing...

      100% of Mars' water may have come from comets.

    2. Re:misleading summary by PakProtector · · Score: 1
      The article says that 10% of the earths water may have come from comets. That's a lot of water.

      Yes, and I may have had sex with a woman.

      --

      Edward@Tomato - /home/Edward/ man woman
      man: no entry for woman in the manual.
      "Qua!?"

    3. Re:misleading summary by myowntrueself · · Score: 1

      Yes, and I may have had sex with a woman.

      Consensual sex. Without money involved.

      --
      In the free world the media isn't government run; the government is media run.
    4. Re:misleading summary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That depends on your definition of 'monkey'... No, wait!

  9. Or to put it another way... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    ...observation contradicts propaganda. Big surprise.

    Strike a shocked pose and ask "What? You believe what a TV show claims?"

  10. Everyone knows well enough by mmu_man · · Score: 1

    that we are the second evolution of the Ancients, who left the galaxy several millenia ago.

    1. Re:Everyone knows well enough by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Hallowed are the Awe Rye

    2. Re:Everyone knows well enough by eluusive · · Score: 1

      Yes, Hallowed are they Ham on Rye.(I think you mean Ori, as in Origin.)

  11. in previous news... by DeathByDuke · · Score: 1

    probe puts hole in comet!

  12. Well, panspermia theory is a bit like ID .. by RedLaggedTeut · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Well, the panspermia theory is a bit like intelligent design - it is not one theory, but several theories, however, the panspermia theories have a chance to be proven true, while the ID theories tend to be proven wrong.

    Examples:

    - the cosmos helped life come into existance by simple organic molecules that were
      - formed in space
      - ejected from a planet

    - life spread through our solar system, that is:
      - from mars
      - the asteroid belt was formely a planet hosting life which

    - DNA/RNA came from space

    - bacteria survived a journey through the cosmos

    The study reported by slashdot makes some of these theories unlikely, but not all of them.

    --
    I'm still trying to figure out what people mean by 'social skills' here.
  13. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 5, Interesting

    Comment removed based on user account deletion

  14. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 1

    Comment removed based on user account deletion

  15. Re:"Actually, I evolved", God. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    God: You must decide how you will WorShip Me.

    Me: How about not at all, you fucking pompous windbag of the sky.

  16. Why its not turtles all the way down by G4from128k · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Although the panspermia theory is intriguing, it does NOT answer the question of the origin of life -- was it from another planet that was inoculated by an even earlier comet..... It's like the theory that the Earth rides on the back of a giant turtle/ But what does that turtle ride on? Or is it turtles all the way down.

    If we are to assess the probability that life is exogenous or endogenous to Earth, we must ask about the relative probability of: a) life forming on a planetary body versus b) life forming on a planetary body which then survives being blasted into space, travelling interstellar distances, happening to collide with another forming planet of just the right composition (without ever venturing too close to some hot star), and surviving that collision.

    Even if the probability of life arising on a planet very very low, the relative probability of endogenous versus exogenous origin is very skewed toward endogenous origin. Because exogenous origin requires both endogenous origin (somewhere else) and then a low probability trip between planets, exogenous origin would seem to be very unlikely unless there are large numbers of planets with endogenous life that spew lots of interstellar-traversing chunks. But if there are large numbers of planets with with their own endogenous life, then the probability of life forming on Earth endogenously must also be high and trump the low likelihood of life just happening to make it from somewhere else.

    --
    Two wrongs don't make a right, but three lefts do.
    1. Re:Why its not turtles all the way down by sbaker · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Your argument has merit - but you are assuming that all planets that might be postulated as the ultimate origin of life are earth-like.

      You might argue (although I personally would not) that the probability of life spontaneously arising on a world with the precise parameters of early earth is Pe - but the probability of it arising on a planet with different parameters of atmosphere, composition, temperature, gravity, radiation - is larger than Pe. Call this probability Px (probability of life forming on planet X). But there are lots of planet types out there if we don't know what the perfect conditions for forming life is (and I don't think we do) then Px might be as large as N times Pe where N is the number of planets in the universe. But certainly Px is larger than Pe just because of the range of possible alternative conditions.

      Further more, these probabilities might be: "The probability of life forming in any given year" - so the probability of life forming at any time in the past would that annual probability times the available amount of time over which life might have been able to form. Well, if you require endogenesis, then you have only Te==the age of the earth - where exogenesis allows Tx==the age of the universe minus the travel time. I think it's clear that Tx > Te

      So whilst the probability of life travelling between worlds might be some low probability (call it Z), then it might still be that Z.Px.Tx > Pe.Te - which would make exogenesis (panspermia) more probable than endogenesis.

      Since Tx is MUCH greater than Te, and N is such a large number (so Px is much larger than Pe), we can allow Z (the risks due to travelling between worlds) to be tiny and still believe that exogensis is more probable then endogenesis.

      --
      www.sjbaker.org
    2. Re:Why its not turtles all the way down by ScentCone · · Score: 1

      Thank you. That was lucid and interesting.

      --
      Don't disappoint your bird dog. Go to the range.
    3. Re:Why its not turtles all the way down by G4from128k · · Score: 2, Insightful

      So whilst the probability of life travelling between worlds might be some low probability (call it Z), then it might still be that Z.Px.Tx > Pe.Te - which would make exogenesis (panspermia) more probable than endogenesis.

      That's a very interesting argument. I would suspect, however, that Z is such a small number as to swamp all the other terms. A panspermic chunk must gain enough velocity to escape the gravity well of its planet AND star yet not have so much velocity that it doesn't get captured by our Sun's gravity well (yet not penetrate too deeply into the Sun's gravity well that the chunk gets baked). And life on the chunk must survive its ejection from its home planet.

      Moreover, the effective value of N can't be that large, since panspermic chunks from only nearby stellar system have any hope of reaching Earth. The umpteen hundred million planets on the other side of the galaxy don't contribute much to the population of chunks floating about. My guess is that the probability of a chunk getting to Earth is worse than proportional to 1/d^3 -- stars twice as far away have less than 1/8 the chance of delivering a chunk here. I say 1/d^3 to reflect the combination of 1/d^2 projection of objects over distance times 1/d for the slow accumulation of damage over millions of years of floating in interstellar space. Thus, I'd bet the effective N is not high at all (less than 10 to 100). Moreover, N will be small unless Px is nearly 1 so that many local star systems spawn endogenous life. But if Px is near 1 for a large population of local planetary systems, then why should we think that Pe is very small. And if Pe isn't tiny, then we're back to a high chance of endogenous life on Earth.

      Even the Tx/Te ratio isn't as high as it might seem since Px was zero at the beginning of the universe because there were no heavy elements. Only after a sufficient number of supernovae and second generation stellar systems formed would Px rise. In fact the Earth's relatively late arrival probably means that Pe is higher than the Px of older systems born before the galaxy accumulated as much heavy elements. Tx is also down-modulated by life-destroying events. If life formed on a planet that was then sterilized by a supernova, gamma ray burst, etc. billions of years before Earth became habitable, then such a high Px planet would be unlikely to contribute much to the chance of spawning life on Earth. It seems like the ratio of Tx/Te might only 10 to 50 or so.

      Finally, even if Px > Pe, there's the assumption that life arising on these high Px planets can survive on Earth. One might suggest that a high Px planet is like a lush tropical environment -- very conducive to life -- and that Earth's postulated low Pe status makes Earth relatively desert-like. What is the likelihood that a life form adapted to a high Px, tropical planet, would survive on a low Pe, desert world? I'm not saying life can't adaptt, only that not all high Px worlds spwan life than can survive on Earth. This likelihood that Earth might be effectively uninhabitable by life from a high Px world means the effective Px is lower (or Z is even worse).

      I agree with (and enjoyed) your arguments about N, Tx/Te, Px/Pe, but I seriously doubt that the numerical values of these ratios trumps the incredibly small probabilities of an interstellar transfer of a viable lifeform. My suspicion is that Z has a very very large negative exponent that outweighs these other terms.

      Until we can visit other planets in other star systems, we'll have a hard time estimating all these numbers. And, ultimately, the panspermia theory is impossible to falsify as we can never prove it did not happen, only that it has a relatively low probability of having happened.

      --
      Two wrongs don't make a right, but three lefts do.
    4. Re:Why its not turtles all the way down by khallow · · Score: 1
      Although the panspermia theory is intriguing, it does NOT answer the question of the origin of life -- was it from another planet that was inoculated by an even earlier comet..... It's like the theory that the Earth rides on the back of a giant turtle/ But what does that turtle ride on? Or is it turtles all the way down.

      I'm not seeing the point of your post. Earth life may have originated elsewhere or not. Are we supposed to ignore theories that are difficult to observe (rather than impossible like some ID theories) or that require postponement of questions we'd liked answered? We'll eventually be able to empirically determine this.

      Even if the probability of life arising on a planet very very low, the relative probability of endogenous versus exogenous origin is very skewed toward endogenous origin. Because exogenous origin requires both endogenous origin (somewhere else) and then a low probability trip between planets, exogenous origin would seem to be very unlikely unless there are large numbers of planets with endogenous life that spew lots of interstellar-traversing chunks. But if there are large numbers of planets with with their own endogenous life, then the probability of life forming on Earth endogenously must also be high and trump the low likelihood of life just happening to make it from somewhere else.

      You ignore here the possibility that life evolved on comets rather than on planets. That would lower the bar for interstellar travel. You also ignore the anthopic principle. That means we can't use the evidence of our existence as exogenic life to imply that life on other planets is common.

    5. Re:Why its not turtles all the way down by sbaker · · Score: 1

      I agree that you can argue (quite successfully in your case) against my gut feel for the magnitude of the numbers - but you have to agree that there is enough variability in there that we cannot possibly rule out exogenesis because it's "obviously" less likely than endogenesis as the parent to my post suggested. It's perfectly possible for exogenesis to be overwhelmingly more probable.

      --
      www.sjbaker.org
    6. Re:Why its not turtles all the way down by JLF65 · · Score: 1

      Most scientists put the age of the universe at 12 to 15 billion years, or 3 to 4 times the age of the Earth. I am almost POSITIVE that the odds of life surviving being BLASTED off a planet, travelling 20,000 light years through space, then surviving a plunge through the atmosphere to the ground is PROBABLY smaller than 1/3 or 1/4. :)

      Just a smidge. :)

  17. Science never stops moving by no+parity · · Score: 2, Insightful

    And yet, when fighting alternative models like "Intelligent Design", everyone pretends scientific findings were cast in stone.

    1. Re:Science never stops moving by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      And yet, when fighting alternative models like "Intelligent Design", everyone pretends scientific findings were cast in stone.

      And global warming.

    2. Re:Science never stops moving by vondo · · Score: 1

      I have seen almost no scientists that present science this way, even to the general public. And this uncertainty is something proponents of ID (or deniers of global warming, to address the other reply to this) sieze on and say "Scientists have no idea, they change their minds all the time, so they must be completely wrong." Yes, science never stops moving, but complete reversals are rare and come about when the evidence is there. The more common scenario is that scientific understanding slowly advances, changing course slightly as it does as the evidence warrants.

    3. Re:Science never stops moving by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      I think you misunderstand the problem with intelligent design (as most scientists see it). The problem is not that the theory goes against current knowledge, but that it skips over scientific method altogether. See, when Darwin proposed evolution, he had thought up a hypothesis, found something to study, and found evidence to back up the hypothesis.

      To even more comply with science, evolution has been supported by various studies ever since. The argument for intelligent design is more like "I have a hypothesis, it is valid". You really can't skip the steps in the middle, and still expect to be respected by the scientific community.

      In the end, scientific method can be more important than what you propose.

    4. Re:Science never stops moving by Decaff · · Score: 1

      And yet, when fighting alternative models like "Intelligent Design", everyone pretends scientific findings were cast in stone.

      Did they? When? I haven't noticed. Funny, but I assumed that the benefit of the scientific approach was that ideas are very definitely NOT cast in stone, unlike the dogma of Intelligent Design, which states that some things are just too complex to have ever evolved.

    5. Re:Science never stops moving by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Of course, because everybody knows that an Intelligent Designer took only six days to design a planet where New Orleans is below sea level.

      How Intelligent, that Designer.

      We know all that much about our Intelligent Designer. But what did He do on the eight day? Take a nap? And how do we know that? By which scientific method?

      Am I also the only one who sees that the first letters in the words of the term 'Intelligent Design' is always spelled with capitals, just like .... Him?

      "Intelligent Design" is scientifically so empty, it doesn't even qualify as a theory with gaps in it.

      "Intelligent Design" has nothing to do with science, and everything to do with politics and religion. It's not hard for anybody to see that, and it's stupid for 'ID' people to think that we don't see through that. Nuff said.

      There are too many idiots. Whas the Designer not Intelligent enough to take care of that too?

    6. Re:Science never stops moving by glitch23 · · Score: 0

      Not quite, it is just that many scientists and teachers/professors consider the findings set in stone and therefore students are told that is the view. Students are not being told there could be or there are alternatives. They are told "this is the way it is, God is wrong, and your religion is worthless for explaining your reason for being here". I'm paraphrasing.

      --
      this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom. -- Lincoln, Gettysburg Address
  18. Re:We have three different non-competing models he by LaughingCoder · · Score: 1

    Look, regardless of what we call that life-bearing probe some intelligent entity lobbed at us, we can be certain it would be smart enough to make sure that some of the payload reached the surface and began multiplying.

    --
    The more you regulate a company, the worse its products become.
  19. Science never stops moving? by jaymzter · · Score: 4, Insightful

    That's an interesting comment that glosses over many of the statements of science that are commonly excepted so much as "fact" that anyone that points out inconsistancies in them is labeled as anti-science or ignorant. Of course we are always learning more and yesterday's accepted theories have to adapt to new knowledge, but the virulence some people have for defending pet theories borders on intolerance.
    A good case in point is evolution, where if you don't mention it in a glowing light on /. you get modded into oblivion. Please note I didn't relate it to Creationism or Intelligent Design, it's just that the theory of evolution itself has about as many holes as IE. Sure, right now it's the best idea going, but that doesn't mean it's the end of the conversation. Yet questioning it all usually does end the conversation.

    --
    If thou see a fair woman pay court to her, for thus thou wilt obtain love
    1. Re:Science never stops moving? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      That's an interesting comment that glosses over many of the statements of science that are commonly excepted so much as "fact" that anyone that points out inconsistancies in them is labeled as anti-science or ignorant. Of course we are always learning more and yesterday's accepted theories have to adapt to new knowledge, but the virulence some people have for defending pet theories borders on intolerance.

      A good case in point is evolution, where if you don't mention it in a glowing light on /. you get modded into oblivion.

      Another one is global warming. Question it, and you're labeled a tool of the evil oil comanies.

    2. Re:Science never stops moving? by Thanatopsis · · Score: 1

      Really - What holes exactly are you talking about? Oh that's right you have no idea of what you talking about.

    3. Re:Science never stops moving? by edunbar93 · · Score: 1

      The problem with the theory of evolution and its vehement and passionate arguments is that it's traditionally argued in a completely un-scientific manner.

      There are people who would want to believe that human beings are *not* animals, and how dare you suggest that we evolved from them?

      There are people who would want to believe that everything was created by the gods in one fantastical story or another.

      And then there are people who want to understand. They argue amongst themselves endlessly, while the other two groups ferociously attack them in perpetuity because they have something to lose.

      Is it any wonder that people on slashdot look at you funny if you start saying that the theory of evolution is bullshit?

      --
      "No problem. I have the capacity to do infinite work so long as you don't mind that my quality approaches zero."-Dilbert
    4. Re:Science never stops moving? by Decaff · · Score: 2, Insightful

      it's just that the theory of evolution itself has about as many holes as IE.

      Such as?

      Sure, right now it's the best idea going, but that doesn't mean it's the end of the conversation. Yet questioning it all usually does end the conversation.

      I would be interested to know exactly what about evolution you would like to question? That organisms have changed over time? That such changes happen naturally? That the changes result in variety, and from that variety some organisms turn out to be better able to reproduce than others?

      Evolution is a very, very simple idea. Once we realised that the Earth is old enough for small variations to have resulted in large changes over millions of years, evolution is pretty self-evident.

    5. Re:Science never stops moving? by JLF65 · · Score: 1

      Well, how about looking at fossils separated by millions of years and assuming they are related simply based on a vaguely similar topology? Evolutionists look at a handful of rocks and draw nice pretty diagrams of how everything evolved... with no evidence at all beyond that handful of vaguely similar looking rocks. Show me some genetic tests demonstrating a clear relationship! Oh, that's right - there AREN'T any.

      I do admit, evolution gives a decent reason why some of those fossils look vaguely similar, but it's hardly proof of anything.

    6. Re:Science never stops moving? by Thanatopsis · · Score: 1

      What theory are talking about? Clearly you no Nothing about evolutionary biology. What is your theory my friend?

  20. Misleading statement? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Regarding the articles' statement that prior water was "vaporized", all I can say is "so what"? Just because it turned to vapor doesn't mean that the water left the planet.

    Any water which existed before the asteriod bombardment could well have remained afterwards. The water would have returned to its liquid form back from the gaseous state, after it cooled down.

    In order for the water to have left the Earth, the water molecules would have had to reach the Earths' escape velocity, of 25,000 Miles per Hour (IIRC).

    Certainly some water molecules did. But ALL of them? I would find that really hard to believe.

  21. Origin of life and fear by dilvish_the_damned · · Score: 1

    From the post:

    UA Professor Emeritus Robert Strom believes that no more than 10 percent of the Earth's water comes from comets and any oceans then extant would have been 'vaporized by the asteroid impacts during the cataclysm.'

    Uhuh, so that one that did get through can use the excuse "wha? criminey, Tara was still virgin, its not supposed to happen the first time!"

    --
    I think you underestimate just how much I just dont care.
    1. Re:Origin of life and fear by dilvish_the_damned · · Score: 1

      I forgot to mention that 10% of the earths water is no small amount and it seems to me that water is a decent place to survive cataclysms since you pretty much have to get stranded outside of water before you really notice such world changing events. I mean, if I were a really small organism, thats how it would seem to me.
      Cripes, now I have to RTFA.

      --
      I think you underestimate just how much I just dont care.
  22. "Evolution Schmevolution" by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I do believe that "The Daily Show" already answered all of these questions this week. If you saw the three way interview with the Evolutionist, Creationist, and Metaphysical something or other, aka, the "Schmevolution Panel," we learned that life was created by twelve energies, and we don't actually exist anyway. Since we are all virtual, and it is a moot point.

    (http://www.comedycentral.com/sitewide/media_playe r/play.jhtml?itemId=18132

  23. Life by bmgoau · · Score: 2, Interesting

    "If it is just us, it seems like and awful waste of space" - Carl Sagan Increasingly complex molecules competed for energy and material to form larger and more sustainable molecules. The molecules that arranged themselves by chance to absorb the most energy and strongest structure surivied the longest, and this process continued until basic structures combined in a symbiotic relationship that would help sustain the period of those structures existance. This process continues until basic cell structures formed, and again combined by chance to form larger structures. Eventually the strongest and most energy effecient structure was developed by chance through the process of natural selection until we had basic repoductive structures. Mutations which led to longer life and thus more chance of reproduction continued until movement and adaption were constituents, from there entire structures began to work together to from basic cells, which over time developed processes for reproduction and survival through chance combination and mutation. Cells began to grow in complexity in a bid for survival, by chance some began working together to form multicellular groups, which became organisms with adaption relative to the abilities of each cell, then came encoded cellular variation to ensure multicellular groups continued to form by precedence. Over much time increased numbers of simple structures combined to form larger and more complex structures witht he ability for their own kenetic movement beyond growth, because of the natural selection of moveable multicellular organisms made them more adaptable then others and thus more likely to reproduce. Eventually all sorts of mutation and chance combination occured which would lead to ever more complex structures with better adaptability till the first regonizable biological systems formed. From there we have basic sea life and countless steps later down the evolution chain, human beings. Of course, it might be out of order, and one would have to know that the time this would take would be immense. For those who make the chance argument, stateing that such complex structures canot possibly arise by chance i say: Look at the size of the universe, there must be at least 125 billion galaxies, each with roughly 100 billion stars, each with the possibility of terrestrial planetoids, each with a massive surface area with plenty or energy and materials for the possibility of forming the molecular strutuces by chance that are a prelude to life. Then take that number, and times it by the age of most galaxies.....All of a sudden the chance doesnt seem so small. As for complexities, whos to say life is complex, its equally possible that life is mearly countless basic systems working symbiotically for the goal of survival and reproduction. I give the cargo cult as ana example: In World War 2 several tribes worshiped American cargo planes because the ability and complexities of human flight were so vast to them that the cargo planes could only be explained as items of a supernatural nature. It never appeared to them that these planes were not godly and no complex beyond their understanding, such is a cargo plane simply a number of systems discovered by humans by chance working in parrallel. As for thurther complexity: If life is so complex that the possibility of chance is so small, then how does one explain oru manipulation of life, for example insulin producing bacteria, or the mapping of the genome. How does one explain the evolution and appearance of new viruses and bacterial strains by chance. Life is beautiful, it is wonderous and magestic, but it is not beyond our understanding. It arose by chance, it's growth is determined by evolution and it is not complex. It just appears that way to some. I always think, that maybe the reason ID and creationalists fight progress and science is they think that discovery is taking the magic and beauty away from life. But instead, what they dont realise, is that all it is doing it discovering more beautiful and wonderous details. We are not finding ans

    1. Re:Life by houseofzeus · · Score: 3, Funny
      Parse Error: Expected '

      ' at line 1.

    2. Re:Life by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Must prove I'm right....

      God cannot exist...

      Must defy obvious logic for complex diatribe...

      RNA doesn't matter....

      Must ignore string theory... :-)

    3. Re:Life by eluusive · · Score: 2, Interesting
      I don't have time right now to fully read your essay, but I would like to respond to a few points which are erroneous.
      • Organic molecules are not extremely stable as you imply. They are very easy to destroy with UV radiation. Which happens to be pretty abundant on earth. It's why you get sunburnt.
      • Evolutionary theory does not apply to molecular chemistry. Molecules don't live or die, and the strongest survive to reproduce, while the weaker ones don't get stomped out of existance.
      • Genetic errors are more common and probable to pass on than better characteristics. As with any kind of data corruption. (Your floppy disk went bad, you mean your essay has random characters in it instead of shakespeare? Naw) Child diabetes didn't 'evolve' into the human genome after insulin was developed. It's been there for along time, yet the children died very earily in life. (Before they could reproduce.) This is due to the fact that genetic changes in reproductive organs (which are necessary to pass on the error.) don't affect the parent (Thus natural selection doesn't work). While the parent may be a very prosperous individual maybe he has 8 kids. 3 of those kids die from diabetes, another 3 have the gene but it's inactive (and will pass it to their children), and the last 2 don't have it at all. This goes on and on, and it's why we have the genetic problems we do.
      • Natural selection does not guarantee that bad genes will be pruned from the genome. It is simply what happens when a subset of a population survives a cataclysm. Those survivors may or may not end up all having the same gene which "allowed" them to survive. You can see how this would be the case from the previous point I made.
    4. Re:Life by What+me+a+Coward · · Score: 1

      The accent Greeks had a discussion about life elsewhere in the universe once and the argument or discussion was heavily in favor of life existing elsewhere until Socratese i believe made the argument against, it on the basis that in order for their to be any perfect thing their had to by definition only be one example or representation of it. So in order for life on earth to be perfect (we now know or should know that life on earth is far from perfect)their had to by that fact be no life elsewhere. The argument swayed the doubters and ever since thoughs who believe their are other worlds out their with life on them have fought an uphill battle against the naysayers who themselves have taken their argument beyond the idea of man or life on earth as being perfect to other reasons why it's not possible. Like god created the universe all galaxies all the stars and worlds as well as moons etc... And then sticks out his finger and points to one world around one star in one galaxy and says their that's where i will create life and nowhere else. Hence Sagans immortal words "If it is just us, it seems like and awful waste of space".

            Someone told me once (I forgot who) that some people are horribly mortified by the thought that god maybe cheating on us with another world somewhere out their and they don't wanna find out. Personally if i was a god fearing man (Why do people say that? Why should we fear god? What kind of god would create life so that he/she could make that life fear him/her? Seams like a messed up idea, I would rather worship a god who loves me and wants me to love him/her instead of fearing him/her but that's just me.) i would rather have a god that goes out and fills a universe able to supporting life with well life instead of letting it just sit their like that empty and unused, That is a waste. Besides where is it written that god said he would create life only on earth? I recall no such passage and no such verse where god or Jesus said that God only made life on earth so why not? ---Rhetorical question

          Of course their could always be some poor delusional fool out their that still clings to Socratese argument that life on earth is perfect so their can be only one.

          Anyway this study seams about as half baked as Socratese perfect world argument.

      --
      Coward? Coward! Thems fighten words!!
  24. Sorry Guys... by Kirkoff · · Score: 1

    I'm actually the reason for the origon of life... You ever forget stuff on a trip? Well, I went back in time and left a pair of old, smelly socks...

    --
    There are exactly 42,935,718 letter sized sheets in a square mile.
  25. Life by bmgoau · · Score: 1

    To paraphrase Carl Sagan:

    "If it is just us, it seems like and awful waste of space"

    Increasingly complex molecules competed for energy and material to form larger and more sustainable molecules. The molecules that arranged themselves by chance to absorb the most energy and strongest structure surivied the longest, and this process continued until basic structures combined in a symbiotic relationship that would help sustain the period of those structures existance. This process continues until basic cell structures formed, and again combined by chance to form larger structures. Eventually the strongest and most energy effecient structure was developed by chance through the process of natural selection until we had basic repoductive structures. Mutations which led to longer life and thus more chance of reproduction continued until movement and adaption were constituents, from there entire structures began to work together to from basic cells, which over time developed processes for reproduction and survival through chance combination and mutation. Cells began to grow in complexity in a bid for survival, by chance some began working together to form multicellular groups, which became organisms with adaption relative to the abilities of each cell, then came encoded cellular variation to ensure multicellular groups continued to form by precedence. Over much time increased numbers of simple structures combined to form larger and more complex structures witht he ability for their own kenetic movement beyond growth, because of the natural selection of moveable multicellular organisms made them more adaptable then others and thus more likely to reproduce. Eventually all sorts of mutation and chance combination occured which would lead to ever more complex structures with better adaptability till the first regonizable biological systems formed. From there we have basic sea life and countless steps later down the evolution chain, human beings.

    Of course, it might be out of order, and one would have to know that the time this would take would be immense.

    For those who make the chance argument, stateing that such complex structures canot possibly arise by chance i say:

    Look at the size of the universe, there must be at least 125 billion galaxies, each with roughly 100 billion stars, each with the possibility of terrestrial planetoids, each with a massive surface area with plenty or energy and materials for the possibility of forming the molecular strutuces by chance that are a prelude to life. Then take that number, and times it by the age of most galaxies.....All of a sudden the chance doesnt seem so small.

    As for complexities, whos to say life is complex, its equally possible that life is mearly countless basic systems working symbiotically for the goal of survival and reproduction. I give the cargo cult as ana example: In World War 2 several tribes worshiped American cargo planes because the ability and complexities of human flight were so vast to them that the cargo planes could only be explained as items of a supernatural nature. It never appeared to them that these planes were not godly and no complex beyond their understanding, such is a cargo plane simply a number of systems discovered by humans by chance working in parrallel.

    As for thurther complexity: If life is so complex that the possibility of chance is so small, then how does one explain oru manipulation of life, for example insulin producing bacteria, or the mapping of the genome. How does one explain the evolution and appearance of new viruses and bacterial strains by chance.

    Life is beautiful, it is wonderous and magestic, but it is not beyond our understanding. It arose by chance, it's growth is determined by evolution and it is not complex. It just appears that way to some.

    I always think, that maybe the reason ID and creationalists fight progress and science is they think that discovery is taking the magic and beauty away from life. But instead, what they dont realise, is that all it is doing it disc

  26. Al Gore! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Guys, you have it all wrong.

    After all your theories, I think you'll find that Al Gore invented Life.

  27. Re:We have three different non-competing models he by cowscows · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Say there was an ocean on earth, and something big slammed into it, vaporizing all the water. Wouldn't that water just eventually precipitate back down?

    I mean, vaporizing something like a person would pretty much destroy them, but it doesn't do much to eliminate individual atoms, it just moves them around. So the ocean itself might be turned into water vapor, but then where does that all go?

    I'm sure a big enough impact could blow matter up into space, where it'll float away never to bother the busy earth again, but I would think that most matter gets propelled outwards from an impact, not up. So wouldn't a meteor hitting an ocean just spread the water around?

    --

    One time I threw a brick at a duck.

  28. Science never stops moving..... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Well, of course. It's religion that holds the job of remaining unchanging and stagnant, in spite of growth or change of evidence.

  29. Genesis Therories by platypibri · · Score: 0, Flamebait

    Well, I will point out that the various theories of Creation in the last few hundred years has been far more stable than any scientific theory put forward. Perhaps it would be better if science types started using rhetoric like "We Think" or "We Believe" instead of "We now know..." I mean, the version of Darwinism that was taught in my school has pretty much been shot to heck, but my Biology teacher sure enough said, "This is how it happened." Just thought for debate, not fuel for the fire. Also, I can't seem to believe in the Flying Spaghetti Monster as I have yet to find any historical or archeological evidence to support the revelation. Surely anyone who believes in any Deity should be able to give examples of it's work on the history of man.

    --
    Yeah, I guess I'm funny like that.
    1. Re:Genesis Therories by Doc+Ruby · · Score: 1

      "1 + 1 = 3" has been a pretty stable "theory" for millennia.

      --

      --
      make install -not war

    2. Re:Genesis Therories by ucahg · · Score: 2

      Regardless of what you think of the grandparent's stance on creation (and the complete absurdity of it that you imply), his point about scientists saying "we know" instead of "we currently believe" is still valid.

      You only responded to one part of his statement, but I'm more curious as to what others think of the other half. Personally I agree with that point.

    3. Re:Genesis Therories by Doc+Ruby · · Score: 4, Insightful

      People have to understand what "we know" means. Adults have to take everything we hear with some number of grains of salt. Scientific statements of "we know" are more reliable than metaphysical statements of "we know", and adults should understand that for ourselves.

      Which is why it's important for people to learn about science before tehy accept its knowledge. Just like it's important for us to learn about religion. Not just to learn the science, like reading it in _Discover_ magazine, or to learn the religion, like reading it in a bible. But we need to learn how the "knowledge system" works: its history, its failures, its successes, its alternatives and their histories. Just like we don't need to learn enough science to be scientists in order to appreciate science (and our world that it explains), we don't need to become experts in the discipline, to become scientists or clerics. We need to understand what the strengths and limitations are, and what it means when a scientist or a cleric says "we know", "I believe" or "this is". Otherwise, we're just faking it, and we will make all kind of mistakes, without ways to recover. And that's very dangerous, considering how powerful are these ways of knowing, whether they're right or (especially when) they're wrong.

      --

      --
      make install -not war

    4. Re:Genesis Therories by mOdQuArK! · · Score: 2, Insightful
      Well, I will point out that the various theories of Creation in the last few hundred years has been far more stable than any scientific theory put forward.

      That's just because such "theories" either ignore any inconvenient facts, or revise the "theory of Creation" so that it is impossible to disprove (and then pretend that's what the "theory" said all along). Eventually, they can say (like you did) that their theory has been stable longer than the physically-testable theories, and is therefore somehow "better".

      Also, I can't seem to believe in the Flying Spaghetti Monster as I have yet to find any historical or archeological evidence to support the revelation.

      You obviously haven't read much about the Church of the FSM. Part of their Articles of Faith is that the FSM continually adjusts reality so that you can neither prove nor disprove its existence - much like the fanatics who insist that the Bible is the literal truth say that their "ever-truthful" God created the world thousands of years ago, complete with all the physical evidence that makes us think it is billions of years old.

    5. Re:Genesis Therories by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      yeh like the daily show with jon stewart's evolution schmevolution saying we are 98.5% genetically similar to chimps even though that was an old estimate as the chimp genome was not mapped until a while back and we now know we're about 96% similar. and this info was readily available BEFORE the show was made yet they still said 98.5% as FACT. ugh people need to stop messing with science's credibility like that.

    6. Re:Genesis Therories by Decaff · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Well, I will point out that the various theories of Creation in the last few hundred years has been far more stable than any scientific theory put forward.

      That is because ignorance is stable.

      Perhaps it would be better if science types started using rhetoric like "We Think" or "We Believe" instead of "We now know..."

      We 'science types' usually do. The problem is that if we start saying 'we believe' too much in public, our ideas get attacked as 'just another form of religion'.

      I mean, the version of Darwinism that was taught in my school has pretty much been shot to heck, but my Biology teacher sure enough said, "This is how it happened."

      That is because the science taught at school has to be simplified hugely. The version of almost any scientific idea taught at school is largely wrong. The idea is to open minds to the principles of science.

    7. Re:Genesis Therories by Micah · · Score: 0

      >>> That's just because such "theories" either ignore any inconvenient facts, or revise the "theory of Creation" so that it is impossible to disprove (and then pretend that's what the "theory" said all along). Eventually, they can say (like you did) that their theory has been stable longer than the physically-testable theories, and is therefore somehow "better".

      That is exactly NOT what Reasons to Believe does. They put out materials specifically intended to make Creation testable just like any other scientific theory. Their book Origins of Life does a great job of this I think.

      >>> much like the fanatics who insist that the Bible is the literal truth say that their "ever-truthful" God created the world thousands of years ago, complete with all the physical evidence that makes us think it is billions of years old.

      The young earth movement bases this faith on an interpretation of the Bible which, unfortunately, has permeated most of the North American church. It is based on a hyper-literal interpretation of Genesis using a select subset of allowable definitions for various Hebrew words, and I believe it is absolutely inconsistent with the Bible's message as a whole. The Bible contains dozens of passages with Creation information, not just in Genesis, and a serious interpretation of what it says must take them all consistently. I believe that such a consistent interpretation does not even allow for the reasonability of the young earth model, for Scriptural reasons alone.

      Take for example Palm 19:1-2. It tells us that what we see in the heavens is what God actually did. They display knowledge. What we can see is objective reality. Young earthers must say that the light from galaxies billions of light years away must have been created in transit -- flatly contradicting this Psalm!

      I might also point out that this is one of the things that made Europe in the 1600s-1700s progress so much farther scientifically than other civilizations before them. These Europeans had a Christian worldview that taught them that the world is objective reality. Other cultures made some scientific progress, but it was crippled by views like astrology, beliefs in various gods that could arbitrarily change anything, etc.

    8. Re:Genesis Therories by Decaff · · Score: 1

      "That is because the science taught at school has to be simplified hugely. The version of almost any scientific idea taught at school is largely wrong. The idea is to open minds to the principles of science."

      is another religion. Also you point out that school is a place to condition minds. Very much in the same way cults do.


      I did not say school was a place to 'condition' minds. I said it was a place to open them up. Teaching the principles of science along with the ability to be critical and investigative is the exact opposite of the way cults work. Good education should protect against cults.

    9. Re:Genesis Therories by gameboyhippo · · Score: 0, Flamebait
      Darn typo. Anyway, what I meant to say that you hit the nail on the head. Science is a religion. It is a systems of belief that requires faith. You also admit that science uses schools to condition minds the same way a cult would.

      Judeo-Christianity is not ignorance. Although it is based on ignorance. For example, the Jews had no idea what a germ was or how it could kill you. So God came up with ceremonial cleansings. You touch a dead body, you take a bath. You see mold in your house, you must cut off that piece and burn it. You had a disease, you take a bath and don't come back to camp until you're better. Sure the Jews were ignorant. So the whole idea of taking baths and washing hands should have never been thought up.

      The Jews were also forbidden to inbreed. Leviticus gives a whole list of people you can't have sex with. The Jews had no idea what genetics were. Good thing they were told what to do.

      The Jews were forbidden to eat certain things. Those things could not be cooked properly by a nomadic race, but they didn't know that. They just thought God was being mean. If their God was not real, wouldn't it have been better for them to just come up with a new one? They sure grumbled a lot at Him.

      Oh well...

    10. Re:Genesis Therories by Decaff · · Score: 1

      Darn typo. Anyway, what I meant to say that you hit the nail on the head. Science is a religion. It is a systems of belief that requires faith.

      No. I was saying the exact opposite. Opponents of science mistakenly label it as faith. On the contrary, science is about not requiring faith; about testing belief.

      You also admit that science uses schools to condition minds the same way a cult would.

      No I don't. Science attempts to prevent the conditioning of minds by encouraging questioning and critical thinking.

      The Jews were also forbidden to inbreed.

      Expressing a natural evolved behaviour.

      Leviticus gives a whole list of people you can't have sex with.

      And what types of cloth you should not wear. And the conditions under which members of your family can be put to death (like for planting different crops side by side).

      A good guide to how to live? I think not!

      The Jews had no idea what genetics were. Good thing they were told what to do.

      They were 'told what to do' by evolved instinct. Most species don't inbreed, and manage to avoid it without reading old books.

    11. Re:Genesis Therories by rtb61 · · Score: 1

      If you really want to confuse people tell them that metaphysically speaking we don't actually "know" anything (we can only ever believe somthing to be "true"). To actually "know" defeats the point of playing the game of life (not knowing all the rules is what makes it "interesting").

      --
      Chaos - everything, everywhere, everywhen
    12. Re:Genesis Therories by gameboyhippo · · Score: 1
      A natural evolved behavior? You mean like homosexuality? Hmmm... I wonder where that evolved from.

      Things like washing our hands is counter intutive to a culture that doesn't know what germs are. I noticed you didn't comment on that. Please, tell me how the Jews evolved to wash their hands before eating before the discovery of germs? It was written in their laws. Also, why didn't the Jews reject this God of theirs? He was strict, they didn't like him much because of His rules, why didn't they just create another one like the Pagans did. The Pagan's gods & goddesses had temple prostitutes and all sorts of "fun" stuff. Imagion going to church and getting laid. Sounds logical that a made up god would satisify one's desires while a real God would direct one to do what is right for the good of the people (like washing your hands before eating, getting rid of mold, not eating harmful food, etc...).

      In a way, Evolution is like the temple hookers. You now can say, "I didn't mean to hurt you, baby. It's just my instinctive evolved behavior to create as many offspring as I can. It's not my fault I cheat. I just evolved that way."

      Also, why is it so important to have everybody reject God anyway? To make you feel more secure about your decision? I don't get "Heaven points" or anything like that for the amout of people I witness to. I do it because I don't want people to be tormented in Hell for all of eternity. No credit is given to me.

    13. Re:Genesis Therories by Decaff · · Score: 1

      A natural evolved behavior? You mean like homosexuality? Hmmm... I wonder where that evolved from.

      It is very common and natural in a large number of animals. Anyone who things homosexuality is purely a human activity is showing nothing more than ignorance of biology. In our close relatives the bonobo chimps, same-sex activity is as common as heterosexuality.

      Things like washing our hands is counter intutive to a culture that doesn't know what germs are. I noticed you didn't comment on that.

      Because you didn't mention it. There is a natural tendency to avoid dirt and disease because we have evolved a dislike of the smell of such things. You will notice that most higher animals naturally clean and groon themselves.

      In a way, Evolution is like the temple hookers. You now can say, "I didn't mean to hurt you, baby. It's just my instinctive evolved behavior to create as many offspring as I can. It's not my fault I cheat. I just evolved that way."

      This is also a terribly old-fashioned and ignorant view of evolution. I don't understand why such views are still held, unless it is based on a lazy lack of education about biology. If you are going to debate such matters, you need to keep up to date. You are putting forward 19th-century views.

      Evolution does not dicate anything but the broadest aspects of behaviour. We are not robots - we have free will. In fact, we have evolved the ability to make choices, because the ability to intelligently decide what to do is good for survival!



      No-one is rejecting God. What we are rejecting is a very limited human-devised idea of God. We are rejecting a deliberate attempt to stifle understanding.

      If there is a God, he/she is awesome and beyond anything we can ever imagine. It seems very sad to me when people try to limit God to a creationist who tries to tell people what to do through an ambigous old book.

      I get my sense of religious awe by examining the universe at it really is, which includes the wonders of billions of years of evolution - it is a far more impressive and breathtaking idea than anything the bible has to say.

      I do it because I don't want people to be tormented in Hell for all of eternity. No credit is given to me.

      Even the idea of Hell torment is now considered outdated and irrelevant by most major religions.

      I have some respect for what you are trying to do, but I hope you can open your mind and see the wonders of things. Science is not a threat to religion - quite the contrary - it can reveal how amazing and inspiring things really are.

    14. Re:Genesis Therories by Savantissimo · · Score: 1

      Bad example.
      1 + 1 >= 3 is pretty good math if the left-hand side represents a fertile male and female of some given species.

      --
      "Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery?" - Patrick Henry
    15. Re:Genesis Therories by Doc+Ruby · · Score: 1

      I guess it depends on what the definition of "is" is. Maybe it's "will be". Or the definition of "1", which could be "1.5" or "1+i". But if you're going to quibble with "1 + 1 = 3 is wrong", then religion is probably a great way for you to waste your time pretending to be "right".

      --

      --
      make install -not war

    16. Re:Genesis Therories by gameboyhippo · · Score: 1
      I don't feel science is a threat to Christianity. I feel that theories that contradict the idea that God made humans and also made them uniquly different than all the other critters on this earth. I think that the idea of evolving from other critters is simular to what happend in Numbers when Moses did not believe that just speaking to the rock could create water. He struck it instead and thus forfited the promise land.

      You talk about free will. I guess this is why I think that there is a creative God that exists and created the Universe. The idea of atoms banging around and combining in such a way to create a cluster of atoms that can choose to go left or right is in my opinion, impossible. If you hit a series of dominos in exactly the same way under the exact same condition then they should fall down exactly the same way. How can the ability of a domino to choose which way to fall be evolved? I don't think it can be done. It's as impossible as creating true AI. Eventually something, even a psuedo random number, has to control the AI.

      As for major religions rejecting Hell, that's their problem. Jesus talked about Hell more than he talked about Heaven. To say that it either doesn't exist or isn't a place of torment is to make Christ out to be a liar and thus undermine Christianity alltogether. The logic is usually, "God's a good God and thus doesn't send people to Hell." The logic is rediculous if one examines what it is to be good.

      A judge has to choose whether to set a guilty rapist free. If he's a good judge, does he set him free? Even knowing that the rapist is guilty? How would that make the victims feel about the judge?

      Now let's apply this to the real world. Jesus says that if a man looks at a woman lustfully, he has already committed adultry in his heart. If a man hates his brother, he has already murdered him in his heart. We have all lied. We have all disobeyed our parents. The list goes on and on. So should a good God let a murdering, thieving, adulture in Heaven? Guess not. But God knew we could never be perfect, so he made a sacrifice for us. If someone burst in that courtroom and said, "I'll take his place in the chair on the condition that he admits he was guilty and trusts me to take his place." Would it be logical for the rapist to say "No"?

      This idea can also be seen in The Lion, The Witch, & the Wordrobe. Someone had to take the place of the boy's sin. Aslan paid that price. There is no forgivness without the sheding of blood.

    17. Re:Genesis Therories by cybpunks3 · · Score: 1

      I see no reason why all of these things couldn't have been the product of common sense derived through many years of simple observation.

      For instance, with inbreeding, remember that humans performed genetic engineering many thousands of years ago: domestication of animals via selective breeding.

      However, in any generation there are a lot of young people or dumb people likely to make these mistakes and that is what Leviticus is for.

      I think we constantly underestimate how sophisticated ancient societies were. Sure, there was a lot of superstition and immorality, but there was also a fair amount of unofficial science then which produced a lot of amazing things considering how little they had to work with.

    18. Re:Genesis Therories by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      John 15:13 (Holman Christian Standard Bible)

      13No one has greater love than this, that someone would lay down his life (A) for his friends.

    19. Re:Genesis Therories by NickelDare · · Score: 1

      How does teaching known errors as absolute fact open minds to the principles of science? Unless the principle to be learned is that scientists are deceptive? Perhaps the purpose is not to open minds to the principles of science but to close the minds to any influence of religion.

    20. Re:Genesis Therories by Decaff · · Score: 1

      I feel that theories that contradict the idea that God made humans and also made them uniquly different than all the other critters on this earth.

      The problem is that no matter how much you feel or want to believe something does not make you right!

      We aren't unique: we share the same biology and biochemistry as almost every other living organism.

      If you hit a series of dominos in exactly the same way under the exact same condition then they should fall down exactly the same way.

      Again, you are simply factually wrong. Quantum mechanics and chaos theory show irrefutably that
      this statement is false.

      You have a problem here: You can carry on believing things like this - that we are unique and that things can't be random - but by doing so you are denying the reality of the very creation and universe you admire!

      If you are going to insist that a God created things, you should take the trouble to find out what he actually created, and not impose your own wishes and beliefs on reality.

    21. Re:Genesis Therories by gameboyhippo · · Score: 1

      I wasn't aware that God was about good feelings and aweness. It's about truth. C.S. Lewis wrote about this whole combining everything idea in his book "Mere Christianity". I think he amounted it to be just an excuse. A way to have the "good feelings" of religion without the concequences. As for Quantum Mechanics and Chaos Theory, what decides which way the domino falls? After a time passes in our linear existance, we can't go back. Time moves only one way. That is how time is designed. So the domino had to fall in exactly the way it did. If observed again in the exact same point in history with the exact same conditions (again impossible since going back in time would change the exact conditions) it would fall exactly the same way. It fell exactly the way it did. Thus free will in this dimension is impossible. An atom cannot choose or make decisions just as a rock does not choose or make decisions. Thus since free will exists, it is nothing but supernatural. I have a spirt in me that exists beyond the physics of this universe controlling a set of atoms in this universe. I guess I use my free will to believe I have free will and not to accept my free will as an illusion. Call that ignorance, but I'm pretty comfy with my life. I pray. My prayers are responded to. It's cause & effect. I observe it. Just as I feel the wind. It's not about being in awe or good fuzzy feelings. If believing that you are evolved stardust gives you fuzzy feelings, then more power to you. Enjoy your fuzzy feelings while they last. I come as a witness and nothing more.

    22. Re:Genesis Therories by Decaff · · Score: 1

      I wasn't aware that God was about good feelings and aweness. It's about truth.

      What truth? It is about faith, not truth.

      C.S. Lewis wrote about this whole combining everything idea in his book "Mere Christianity".

      Why should I accept anything he says? He is not qualified to comment on science.

      As for Quantum Mechanics and Chaos Theory, what decides which way the domino falls?

      Nothing, as far as we can tell.

      After a time passes in our linear existance, we can't go back. Time moves only one way. That is how time is designed.

      There is no evidence or reason to believe that time was designed.

      If believing that you are evolved stardust gives you fuzzy feelings, then more power to you. Enjoy your fuzzy feelings while they last. I come as a witness and nothing more.

      Yet again you miss the point. It is not about believing anything! It is about evidence. If there were any evidence that we were not evolved from stardust, then I would have to accept that.

      My view is that you are neglecting obvious facts in order to preserve your fuzzy feelings.

      Enjoy your fuzzy feelings while they last.

      Who said I had fuzzy feelings?

      I come as a witness and nothing more.

      I believe you come with an arrogance that helps you ignore facts. I pity your small world view.

    23. Re:Genesis Therories by DavidTC · · Score: 1
      Um, math isn't a 'theory'. Math is a set of self-contained and (hopefully) consistent rules.

      There are theories in math, about the 'math universe' that math has created. However, math itself is not a theory, as it does not proport to predict anything except itself.

      Now, scientific theories use this created universe to attempt to explain the world. However, if we discover a place in the universe where one pineapple plus one pineapple equals four pineapples and a goat, that doesn't make math 'unproven', because it never said that in the first place. It merely means that science can't use math anymore.(1)

      Math says 'These are numbers, and if you do things with them you get these other numbers', and that's all it says. It doesn't say a damn thing about reality.

      Geez, what are they teaching kids these days? What's next, 'language' as a theory? Maybe we can talk about the theory of 'typing' or 'hopscotch'. No wonder people are confused about what a theory is.

      1) Incidentally, this has happened in quantum mechanics. Specifically, the math used there is non-communitive...p * q doesn't equal q * p. QM has to use matrix math.

      --
      If corporations are people, aren't stockholders guilty of slavery?
    24. Re:Genesis Therories by Doc+Ruby · · Score: 1

      a^2 + b^2 = c^2 is a theorem. Finding every square on every hypotenuse to be the sum of the squares on the other two sides of triangular objects is a "theory" of how triangular objects work. "1 + 1 = 3" is a theory about counting things. An invalid theory, because the "a + b = sum(a, b)" formula supports the contradictory theory about counting things, that "1 + 1 = 2". There's more subtlety to vernacular language than there is to math, because vernacular is so much more fuzzy.

      --

      --
      make install -not war

    25. Re:Genesis Therories by will-el · · Score: 1

      > A natural evolved behavior? You mean like homosexuality? Hmmm... I wonder where that evolved from.

      Glad you asked. Homosexuality is probably caused by improper activation or deactivation of gender specific wiring in the brain during fetal development, possibly by interactions with the mother's immune system.

      One of the most tantalising
      clues about male homosexuality is that the probability a male will be homosexual increases 33% with each biological older brother. There is no correlation with number of younger brothers, sisters, adopted brothers, etc. Here's what scientists think is happening. All fetuses start out as female. At different points during development, genes on the Y chromosome activate and produce proteins which act as "switches" to the developing embryo: develop a penis, make a male brain, etc. These "mascularizing" proteins are completely foreign to the mother's immune system. Each time the immune system is exposed to a foreign agent, the immune system "recognises it" and orchestrates a stronger attack for the next time (this is the principle behind immunization).

      Each time the mother carries a boy, her immune system may get another wiff of these mascularizing proteins, until with son #3 BAM! the mother's immune system attacks one of the proteins that makes a male brain (one that likes trucks and wants sex with females). What is left is a brain with a portion that is still feminine (likes clothes and wants sex with males).

      So while there may be no "genes" for homesexuality, there are genes for a vigilent immune system. If these genes are too weak, the
      population is vulnerable to disease. If they are too strong, the population will be aflicted with autoimmune diseases (lupus, MS, arthritis, etc) and too many sons end up gay (infertile). So the 2% rate of male homosexuality we observe in the population is reflects a balance in these competing adaptations.

      Just as there are many agents that cause a temperature (virus, bacteria, parasites, etc), there are probably multiple agents/pathways that can interfere with gender specific brain development. This is one.

    26. Re:Genesis Therories by Decaff · · Score: 1

      How does teaching known errors as absolute fact open minds to the principles of science?

      Who says they were taught as 'absolute facts'? When I was taught things at school, we were always told 'there is more to this that you will find out later'.

      Unless the principle to be learned is that scientists are deceptive?

      On the contrary, it simply shows that scientists discover new things and change their minds.

      Perhaps the purpose is not to open minds to the principles of science but to close the minds to any influence of religion.

      No, it is to show that if you are after understanding the reality of subjects like life and evolution you have to accept than our understanding is incomplete and can change.

      It is called being honest.

    27. Re:Genesis Therories by platypibri · · Score: 1
      Thank you for seeing the point. It was apparently lost by just about everyone else.

      Science really cannot prove that reindeer do not fly. Take a reindeer, throw it off a roof. It falls to the ground. All you can say with certainty is this reindeer, on this occasion, either could not, or choose not to fly.

      Do it a hundred more times and all you have is that, with the assumption that reindeer are not INSANE, there is a probability that reindeer cannot fly. And it only takes one flying reindeer to shoot all this science to hell.

      Therefore, the best science can ever say is "with the data we currently have, with the factors we currently understand and can observe, it appears that life has evolved in complexity through a process of mutation and natural selection." ... and, I would add to that "We do not really understand how that process might have occurred, nor have we been able to observe or repeat it on the scale it appears to have happened."

      Any thing beyond that is absolutely, with out a doubt FAITH. I don't care if you are an Atheist or not.

      --
      Yeah, I guess I'm funny like that.
    28. Re:Genesis Therories by Doc+Ruby · · Score: 1

      I prefer my alchemical mix of sensory validation and buddhist illusionism. Making it up as I go along, and enjoying the ride :).

      --

      --
      make install -not war

    29. Re:Genesis Therories by DavidTC · · Score: 1
      a^2 + b^2 = c^2 is a theorem in the math universe or whatever you want to call the set of rules that is math.

      It's already wrong in our real universe, assuming any curvature whatesoever. There quite a few math universes that try to explain a 3D universe, and the one where a^2 + b^2 = c^2 is called 'Euclidian' and does not actually explain ours.

      Math is a set of rules. There are facts, there are accepted rules, there are theories, and there are even competing theories. Just like science.

      However, it's not science, as it's not trying to describe the actual world, but a fictional 'math world', or, actually a set of different related worlds. Some with imaginary numbers, some with 50 dimensions, some where everything is transfinite, etc.

      It's like talking about 'history' in LotR. You can do that, and you can do all sorts of analyse on it, and whatnot, but it is not actually real. Or 'sociology' on Klingons.

      Some of these pretend worlds are helpful at explaining the real world. This is possibly a coincidence, or it's possible that one of these worlds is real.

      However, right now, if a difference comes up between math and the real world, it is the real world that is 'incorrect'. (Well, it is scientists who are incorrectly using math to describle the real world, when that math does not actually do so.) The math is not incorrect, it is merely not the correct math to match the real universe.

      --
      If corporations are people, aren't stockholders guilty of slavery?
    30. Re:Genesis Therories by Doc+Ruby · · Score: 1

      Ain't it the truth.

      --

      --
      make install -not war

    31. Re:Genesis Therories by rtb61 · · Score: 1

      The ultimate rule of life: have as much fun as possible whilst causing the least amount of harm possible. The second rule of life: annoy those that break the first rule :).

      --
      Chaos - everything, everywhere, everywhen
  30. Oh, but think of the funding opportunities! by mosel-saar-ruwer · · Score: 1

    nxtr: 80 percent of all studies are wrong...

    sbaker: Which means that there is only a 20% chance that the study that shows that "80% of studies are wrong" is right. Which means that we have no idea what the probability of error is without doing a lot more studies on the subject.

    Which means we'll just have to commission a bunch of "scientists" to study the matter further.

    Ain't life grand as a "scientist" at the teat of the government sow? It's a win-win proposition, no matter whether you're wrong or you're right.

  31. Panspermia vs. GOD vs. Evolution vs. Creationism by malhombre · · Score: 0, Troll

    NOTICE TO DIETY BELIEVERS: No degree of error on the part of science in explaining the origins of life and matter, whether in whole or in part, shall be misconstrued as proof or evidence of the validity of any other theory or belief structure. I.E. EVEN IF SCIENCE IS COMPLETELY WRONG, THAT IN AND OF ITSELF DOES NOT PROVE RELIGION CORRECT IN ANY WAY!

  32. Re:fuck you and the horse you rode in on by malhombre · · Score: 1

    My trusty steed politely declines your kind offer (says you are "too small"), I am still considering, and I know how to spell asshole, asshole. Wow...I'm crushed by your overwhelming intellect combined with your mastery of the written language. Leave me bruised and broken on the rocks of mental majesty, why don't ya?

  33. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 1

    Comment removed based on user account deletion

  34. Re:Panspermia vs. GOD vs. Evolution vs. Creationis by Guido+von+Guido · · Score: 3, Insightful
    Notice to slashdot user in love with capitol letters: do not make the assumption that everyone who believes in God is a creationist. It is annoying and counterproductive.

    Many of the plaintiffs in lawsuits against idiotic creationist "equal time" laws have been religious figures. Do not make the assumption that all religious people buy into the creationist agenda.

  35. Re:We have three different non-competing models he by LarryRiedel · · Score: 1
    the meteor impacts of earth may have left no signs at all, other than the presence of water and organic material.

    comet impacts

  36. this is a religion vs science toll by technoCon · · Score: 2, Interesting

    "Interesting, because this directly contradicts the Nova mini-series Origins that just finished running on PBS. Science never stops moving."

    Those inclined to believe the Bible and feel skeptical when science apparently contradicts it, should take comfort in the fact that science's story has changed over the century whereas (relatively) the Bible's has not.

    This is does not mean that religion ought to ignore and deprecate science. Things like that Galileo business provide powerful insights into how to interpret scripture. If the Bible says "sunrise" it should be interpreted phenomenologically. That is as an observation of brute phenomena and one should not take that as an explanation of the mechanism that gave rise to the phenomena. (Incidentally, the weatherman is not a flat-earther because he tells us sunrise/sunset times.)

    With this phenomenological principle in mind, someone who believes in the Bible will be able to interpret its statements about God according to that same phenomenological principle. Troubling verses about God "doing evil" are thus explained. To wit, God establishes things like gravity and hydrodynamics that move in predictable patterns. When those patterns conspire to crush us, via tsunami or hurricane, we perceive evil fom God's hand.

    But the character behind these phenomena is more reflective of the scientific principles of natural law.

    I suppose I should ask for an offering at this point. Instead, I'll ask that we all work a little harder at our science so we can better predict natural forces and prepare for them.

    1. Re:this is a religion vs science toll by Dimensio · · Score: 1

      Those inclined to believe the Bible and feel skeptical when science apparently contradicts it, should take comfort in the fact that science's story has changed over the century whereas (relatively) the Bible's has not.

      As the old saying goes: "Science may be wrong today, tomorrow or ten years from now, but the Bible is wrong forever."

  37. Re:We have three different non-competing models he by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    There's another explaination for where most (or all) of the surface water on Earth came from, the small comet theory (see http://smallcomets.physics.uiowa.edu/ for details). And this bombardment has been going on ever since the Earth formed.

  38. Re:Panspermia vs. GOD vs. Evolution vs. Creationis by malhombre · · Score: 1

    Good point. There are so many gods out there, you can't just generalize, can you? So confusing. Speaking of "annoying and counterproductive", every time science does what science does, as in throw out a theory that no longer holds water, you can bet your ass that members of the superstitious faction who believe the world is 8-10K years old will be right there, demonstrating yet again their failure to comprehend that the nature of empirical science is to develop theories based on a body of evidence, knowing full well that the theory will be abandoned upon the discovery of evidence or proof to the contrary. It just irks me that they put forth the notion that every time that healthy method is brought into play, it somehow automatically validates their silly assed explanation. But if you are religious, yet do not subscribe to the "theory" of creation, my apologies. The caps were an attention getter meant to convey my exasperation at the same old same old. I'm actually pretty quiet and reasonable in person, unlike most zealots I have met.

  39. Re:Panspermia vs. GOD vs. Evolution vs. Creationis by mOdQuArK! · · Score: 1
    Do not make the assumption that all religious people buy into the creationist agenda.

    Then those "rational" religious folks should be a LOT more vocal about denouncing the fanatics who claim to represent them, and should vote against putting those fanatics into positions of power. It makes it awfully easy to assume that they DO buy into such idiocy.

  40. Contradictions abound! by edunbar93 · · Score: 2, Informative

    This theory also directly contradicts another theory I saw this month in Sky and Telescope, which referred to this article. This one is for the formation of the outer gaseous planets and the kuiper belt. The basis of the theory is that the orbits of all the gas giants should have been closer to the sun, as they would have required a much denser gas-and-dust cloud than would have existed as far out as they are now. As well, the kuiper belt would have formed closer to the sun.

    Due to gravitational interactions between the gas planets and the kuiper belt objects, Jupiter's orbit shrinks and Saturn, Uranus and Neptune expand, with the latter two actually changing place and moving into much more elliptical orbits before settling down into their current orbits. These larger orbits put both planets squarely into the primordial kuiper belt and, well, cause the Late Heavy Bombardment.

    --
    "No problem. I have the capacity to do infinite work so long as you don't mind that my quality approaches zero."-Dilbert
  41. Re:fuck you and the horse you rode in on by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    "I am still considering"

    Faggot!!

    "I know how to spell"

    Yes, but your punctuation still needs work.

  42. science never stops moving? WTH by recharged95 · · Score: 1
    Truthfully, Science never stops questioning.

    One thing I wonder through reading all the posts is why everyone considers a comet or meteor zipping through the atmosphere impacting the earth at great velocities? Yes, there's gravity, but you're assuming there's no reactionary forces.

    Billions of years ago, I would expect the atmosphere was thinner (not smog-dense like as current)--and considering the earth had less surface water, the impact was at a much slower pace than what we idealize, so slow that not much really "burned" up, i.e. nothing spectacular as everyone would desire (we all know ./-ers like things that go boom). For all I know, we could be living on Earth V2.1, i.e. remember the theories on how the moon was created? Recombination.

    As for the PBS's series and PBS's politics, I see a lot of their shows now becoming strawmans, so buyer/watcher beware.

  43. This does not sound like science by RVT · · Score: 1
    "UA Professor Emeritus Robert Strom believes that no more than 10 percent of the Earth's water comes from comets and any oceans then extant would have been 'vaporized by the asteroid impacts during the cataclysm."

    Vaporized? And then gone where? Just vanished?
    The small percentage of ocean vaporized by the impact would just condense again. Very little would be lost to space.

    This quote allone makes me reach for the salt.
  44. Re:We have three different non-competing models he by WalksOnDirt · · Score: 1

    It's true that comets are not meteors, but your comment makes it sound like you don't know what a meteor is. A meteor is the streak of light you see when a small object passes through the atmosphere. That object (by definition a meteoroid) could be a piece of a comet or an asteroid.

    --
    a,e,i,o,u and sometimes w and y (at be if of up cwm by)
  45. Re:We have three different non-competing models he by jafac · · Score: 1

    Water gets vaporized on earth all the time.

    Then it comes down as rain.

    I don't see any problem with the theory that "organic matter" came to primative earth from comets, mixed with water, which was vaporized, then condensed, then that "organic matter" became the building blocks for life.

    But at that stage of earth's life, there's little distinction between a comet and earth. They're both big hunks of rock and ice floating in space. I'm sure some "organic matter" originated on earth too. What they're saying is simple hydrocarbons were catalyzed into more complex organic molecules by; lighting, UV, volcanic activity. All of those could happen on earth, and the first two could happen on comets.

    What I really don't understand is, where they think they're going with this line of theory. I mean, we can speculate on which of the two was possible - or that both were possible. But there's no way in hell we're going to know which of the two it was. Not until someon invents a time machine, or until we discover a new primordial planetary system to observe.

    --

    These are my friends, See how they glisten. See this one shine, how he smiles in the light.
  46. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 1

    Comment removed based on user account deletion

  47. Comment removed by account_deleted · · Score: 1

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  48. Science never stops moving....... by glitch23 · · Score: 0

    backwards.

    --
    this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom. -- Lincoln, Gettysburg Address
  49. Re:Panspermia vs. GOD vs. Evolution vs. Creationis by glitch23 · · Score: 0

    That is true. There are some fake Christians out there who do believe in the invisible phrase of "separation of church and state" in the Constitution and who don't believe in the Creation occuring.

    --
    this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom. -- Lincoln, Gettysburg Address
  50. Nova by Kymermosst · · Score: 1

    Nova is known to do documentaries on crackpot and minority theories.

    Using Nova as an educational tool, you are likely to learn about theories that are already proven false or have little evidence backing them up. The documentaries are certainly twisted into a certain point of view and convey information that the scientists they interview wouldn't have agreed with. Especially on topics related to Geology.

    I'd say the same thing about most of the Discovery Channel's content, given the experiences of some scientists I know. A friend of mine is on a research project, and the Discovery Channel came to do a documentary. The Discovery Channel people kept attempting to change the focus to an infamous aspect of what they were researching, not what actually *mattered*.

    Just remember that these programs are designed as entertainment and to get high ratings (even on PBS... nobody donates if nobody watches), not necessarily to deliver the best information. I don't mean to say that all the information is bad, innacurate, or not mainstream, but a lot of it is.

    Caveat emptor...

    --
    "Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives" should be a convenience store, not a government agency.
  51. How about an old study! The BIBLE! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    It's called the BIBLE! It tells us that God made the Heavans and the Earth! and then guess what!? He then made Man after his own image and then made Woman from his rib. Guess what then, God breathed the breath of life into them and... Drum Roll Please! ......brrrr rbbbrbrbrbrbrbrbr!

    Man's life was created!

    Damn scientists! They're only rediscovering things that already are. How about that for deep thought. God created all of this stuff and we're just discovering to our current knowledge. Honestly, we're never going to get along if we can't have a little faith in God!

    1. Re:How about an old study! The BIBLE! by anubi · · Score: 2, Interesting
      Try this one on...

      Do you believe God made the Universe, Heaven, Earth, and everything in it?

      I do.

      Science is the word we use to describe our research trying to find God through evidence of his Creation.

      You think Man authored the Laws of Physics which scientists hold so dear? Think again. No man set Avagadro's constant, or any of the other parameters of our observable universe.

      If God did create us, did he intend us to try to find Him, or mull around like a bunch of obedient ignorant sheep doing the bidding of those who take it in their mind to control us?

      Think of what each faction is trying to do. Scientists are trying to understand God's creation and what our place in it is supposed to be. Damn near every religion I have even run across is full of control and obedience to men, often without ANY concrete evidence of truth, just hearsay.

      Now, in the BIBLE you referred to, even there, if you take the BIBLE to be literally the Word of God, it is full of warnings of the false prophet.

      Personally, I feel a lot closer to my Creator knowing I can see and verify His work, knowing full good and well I am seeing work of intelligent design. I do not feel comfortable at all dealing with people who sell me a relationship with my Creator like they would sell me a speculative stock investment, based on hearsay and faith that its a sound investment.

      Maybe I am a bit jaded by now, but it seems all I have seen religions do is fight. I get the idea all this fighting pleases God about as much as I appreciate my cats fighting. Believe me, I derive no pleasure at all in seeing my cats all scratched up, ears mangled, and bloody.

      Am I supposed to believe there is a God up there somewhere who tells various factions all over the Earth to gather in his name and smite the other ones?

      Or does simple knowledge of human behavioural psychologies and obedience structures indicate the Gods of Religion are just some entity created by men so they could use it to control other men?

      If God created me with sufficient intelligence to seek Him, why is he gonna hold it against me for doing exactly that?

      --
      "Prove all things; hold fast that which is good." [KJV: I Thessalonians 5:21]

    2. Re:How about an old study! The BIBLE! by ProlificSage · · Score: 1

      Do you believe God made the Universe, Heaven, Earth, and everything in it?

      No. There are no gods. There are only beliefs used to comfort people about things they do not understand.

      Science is the word we use to describe our research trying to find God through evidence of his Creation.

      Nope. Sorry. Science is a methodical way of obtaining evidence of how things work. See the Science entry at Wikipedia

      You think Man authored the Laws of Physics which scientists hold so dear? Think again. No man set Avagadro's constant, or any of the other parameters of our observable universe.

      No god set it either. If God created the universe, who created God? Don't answer with "He/She/It has always existed either. Because the simpler explanation then, using Occam's Razor, is that the universe always existed.

      If God did create us, did he intend us to try to find Him, or mull around like a bunch of obedient ignorant sheep doing the bidding of those who take it in their mind to control us?

      Religion, of any type is a form of mind control. It doesn't matter which religion. Galileo was put throught the Inquisition for stating that the Earth revolved around the Sun. A Heresy in his time, but true nonetheless. Religion blinds people to the truth, it doesn't show it to them.

      Scientists are trying to understand God's creation and what our place in it is supposed to be.

      Scientists are trying to understand the world we live in, NOT "God's creation" as you put it. Some scientists are atheists, you know.

      As for understanding our place in it, that is for philosophers to debate, not scientists.

      Am I supposed to believe there is a God up there somewhere who tells various factions all over the Earth to gather in his name and smite the other ones?

      Yes. Read the old testament. The whole thing. Add up how much smiting goes on. Plenty of smiting just in the first five books.

      Or does simple knowledge of human behavioural psychologies and obedience structures indicate the Gods of Religion are just some entity created by men so they could use it to control other men?

      Now you're getting it.

      If God created me with sufficient intelligence to seek Him, why is he gonna hold it against me for doing exactly that?

      Okay, next exercise. Read your Bible. I am assuming you own one. Now, look at all the contradictions. If you need help with that, look here The Skeptic's Annotated Bible to find all the Biblical contradictions you could ever want.

      --
      Real software engineers regret the existence of COBOL, FORTRAN and BASIC.
    3. Re:How about an old study! The BIBLE! by anubi · · Score: 1
      Thanks for the reply, Prolific.

      I perceive you and I think very similar.

      Note I never defined God.

      And note I was cagey around the Bible, as it is written by Man, whereas I consider the Laws of Physics to be written by God himself.

      I don't know what God is, and am also quite firmly convinced no one else does either.

      Thanks for the link BTW! I collect those links to help me support my position that we should use our BRAINS, not blind obedience, to seek God. Stanley Milgram did some extensive research on Obedience . I have his book, and found it to be a real eye-opener on how people can be led to do terrible things in the name of obedience. My own feeling is this book has helped me recognize the pattern of how the 'control people' operate - albeit it has damned near ruined my 'team player' attribute. It now takes a helluva lot more than some well-coifed head jabbering atop a $500 suit to sway me, I insist that the head make sense.

      I have to take anything that has been exposed to an error prone channel as likely to have some error, and not take it as absolute - especially when contradictions show up. If one sees black specks in a jar of supposedly pure white sand, its kinda obvious its been contaminated. Once contamination has been observed, I feel free to speculate there may be other unseen contamination, like its easy to see salt contaminated with black pepper, but I also consider if pepper is present, salt or sand may be present too.

      One of the teachings in the Bible concerns what servants given 'talents', which in those days supposedly referenced a quantity of money, were expected to do with them. If my maker gave me intelligence to try to seek him out via the native curiousity He endowed me with, does he really expect me to "bury" my reasoning senses and do nothing with them, only because some other head tells me that its wrong to question and I should just follow. ( And, of course, I am expected to follow the guy giving me the "I am closer to God than you are so you should do as I say", never the other way around!!! ).

      Especially, knowing the kind of things things men will do when they blindly obey, and override their own intelligence?

      No sir.

      --
      "Prove all things; hold fast that which is good." [KJV: I Thessalonians 5:21]

  52. Re:We have three different non-competing models he by khallow · · Score: 1
    Not until someon invents a time machine, or until we discover a new primordial planetary system to observe.

    Bingo. We'll just have to observe that primordial planetary system, won't we? Just because a theory is difficult to observe currently (as opposed to invoking supernatural stuff), doesn't mean we shouldn't consider them.

  53. Mmmmm..... Ham on Rye by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    All praise to the great and mighty Quik-E-Stop!

  54. Occam's Razor by kcarlin · · Score: 1, Interesting

    Personally I always hate panspermia. It seemed to fail Occams Razor pretty soundly. Yes, life on this planet came from an asteroid or comet from another planet. Well, if life can exist there to bring it here why can't it just develop here. Seemed like a big waste of time to me. I see no reason we cannot have a homegrown abiogensis on good old Earth. It's not like we hit some major hitch and need an alternate explanation that explains nothing.

    Occam provides an excellent mechanism for analyzing and prioritizing hypotheses, not a doctrine for generating prima facie "truths".

    The life-from-comets theory was inspired by the discovery of complex carbons in comets (the dirt in those dirty snowballs), molecules that, if found "in the wild" on Earth would be deemed "organic" and that can form basic proteins. It was raised in the face of evidence and models that showed Earth to be a very unlikely place for "life as we know it" to evolve (this could indeed be, and in fact was, considered a "hitch"), and was developed as a theory to broaden the "origin of life" models. We know much more now than we did then and the theory is still a competitive explanation. Theories as rule are typically dead before breakfast.

    Life-from-comets is Exogenesis, but not necessarily (or even likely, apologies to the late Sir Fred Hoyle) Panspermia. There is no reason why comet-borne carbon molecules could not survive entry into Earth's atmosphere under some circumstances any more than all meteors are destroyed. Meteors could also theoretically carry endolithic bacteria intact to the surface, though this is difficult to prove with old meteorites on Earth due to the possibility for contamination.

    The intriguing part of the life-from-comets theory (which is a specific theory of Exogenesis and doesn't rely on Panspermia) is that the conditions required for the development of life may somehow actually prove to have been a dirty snowball in an eccentric orbit.

    Panspermia specifically predicts the interstellar distribution/seeding of life. We are a long way from being able to gather and study interstellar samples. We are a long way from studying the Oort Cloud directly, though we are fortunate to be able to visit the occasional dirty snowball.

    And since we started theorizing alternatives to the purely terrestrial development of life (Geogenesis), we have discovered endolithic bacteria and other outrageous but often simple forms of life in places unthinkable even 50 years ago. Time may prove comets unnecessary to explain life on Earth, but exploring all of the ways life might develop and all of the forms it might take is essential to intelligently exploring the Solar System. We may find life or life-like processes in some form everywhere.

    --
    Free Adam Smith! (Or best offer.)
    1. Re:Occam's Razor by Tatarize · · Score: 1

      Well, yeah, most places I would assume contain slightly complex carbon molecules. If it's not on Earth it will be around for a while. It's just Earth has life, and life eats minorly complex (organic) molecules for breakfast. I don't think such things are that rare. And other than getting them from outerspace rocks (note we got everything from such things) there's no reason to think that life developed anywhere but here. I'll give you quasi-organic molecules on spacerocks but, I wouldn't go so far as to conclude they had life on them before they got here. Just because the material for life is everywhere doesn't mean actual life is everywhere.

      --

      It is no longer uncommon to be uncommon.
  55. no, it doesn't by idlake · · Score: 1

    It only takes a single viable microbial spore from space to start life on a planet. A single impact could have delivered it. Or it could have drived through space without any impact at all. Therefore, where most of the objects impacting on earth originated is pretty much not relevant to panspermia.

    It seems that what that article is talking about is not panspermia, but the composition of the atmosphere and how that was determined by impacts.

  56. Re:fuck you and the horse you rode in on by malhombre · · Score: 1

    Kiss me, you fool. You know you want it.

  57. The Ori by Joe123456 · · Score: 0

    The Ori are the path to origin.

  58. panspermia by kwoff · · Score: 1

    Is that like a planetary pearl necklace?

  59. Re:We have three different non-competing models he by ifwm · · Score: 1

    "And as was shown by Deep Impact, comets are really mostly porous ice"

    All right, you tried this once, and I let it go. I had to call you on it the second time however.

    The Depp Impact mission suggested just the opposite of what you say, that there was very little ice in that particular comet.

    I don't know how you drew your conclusions, but they are incorrect.

  60. Science, and why it's important by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Science is important because it asks a question not simply to have an answer, but to provide a basis to ask the next question. As a result, the body of knowledge is expanded.

    In this case, the reason it is important to consider the idea of panspermia is not to determine the ultimate origin of life (on Earth, or in the Universe). If panspermia is true, then the likelyhood of finding life outside Earth increases (because a means of life to spread is known, so any source of life may seed many locations). If panspermia is false, then we have no new information on the possibility of life elsewhere.

  61. Re:We have three different non-competing models he by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    You all can conjecture all you want...and do so, it is part of our nature to explore...but there is a much more rational answer given - Intelligent Design

  62. Actually, stands2reason from FR by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Hey, Dimensio, stands2reason here!

    I'm guessing you're the Dimensio on FR as well? I'm having browser difficulties and can't log on to FR (perl commands issue), so now I'm just a lurker.

    I don't know if you remember me, but my nic should let you know where I stand on the CREVO debate.

    Just wanted to let you know that I appreciate your comments on the threads on FR. I know you guys might feel it's a fruitless task, but, trust me, it isn't. In fact, the scariest thing to see on FR is a science thread without a single reasoned comment.

    If you could let Patrick Henry, Vaderetro and the other guys know for me I'd appreciate it!

    (or maybe you can tell me what's wrong with my browser?)

    Thanks, will check back--

    s2r