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Cursing as Peephole Into Brain Architecture

tabdelgawad writes "The New York Times offers this excellent and entertaining writeup on cursing and its role in recent studies of the brain. The article discusses the universality of cursing across time, space, and culture, its varied roles, from linguistic evolution to anger management, and its uses in recent brain research. You can also read all about the sexual effects of uttering obscenities and the swearing habits of sorority women." From the article: "Researchers point out that cursing is often an amalgam of raw, spontaneous feeling and targeted, gimlet-eyed cunning. When one person curses at another, they say, the curser rarely spews obscenities and insults at random, but rather will assess the object of his wrath, and adjust the content of the 'uncontrollable' outburst accordingly." As someone who plays a lot of MMOGs, in my experience this is only mostly true.

26 of 394 comments (clear)

  1. Dag Nabbit! by jellomizer · · Score: 4, Interesting

    I wonder how Wimpy Curses work vs. Real Curses. I myself don't have a tendency of cursing I tend to use the old curse or wimpy curse words like "Dag Nabbit!", "D'Oh", "Arg!", and "Crappy", and "Cruncy". I tend to shoot them out just as often and with little though like other people shoot off Real Curses.

    --
    If something is so important that you feel the need to post it on the internet... It probably isn't that important.
    1. Re:Dag Nabbit! by Ironsides · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I wonder how Wimpy Curses work vs. Real Curses.

      Depends on how much frustration/anger you have at the time. When I'm mildly frustrated I will say scheise, frell, fraking, son of a (thats it, nothing afterwards), and a few other things that are quite mild. I also say these quite calmly and in a low voice.

      Now, when I get really angry people in the next building/down the hall/next door can hear me and I swear like a sailor. In the second case, I usually feel much better after letting off a string of swear words, like a weight has been lifted off of my shoulder. So it all depends on what's going on I guess.

      --
      Fly me to the moon Let me sing among those stars Let me see what spring is like On jupiter and mars
    2. Re:Dag Nabbit! by steelfood · · Score: 4, Interesting

      Personally, when words like "Freak" and "Darn" are used in place of their vulgar counterparts, I tend to laugh at the person using them. It just sounds wrong.

      The word itself isn't supposed to matter (let's see, I learned fuck meant having sex in the fifty grade, which is about three years after I began using it), but the force, intent, and attitude behind the word. Using an alternate word changes this in the speaker, especially if the speaker is used to the vulgar forms, and thus conveys a different sense to the listener. For me, it's comical, like a turtle on its back trying to flip itself over but can't. But when these alternate words convey the same sense (and I've seen them used in this way), they really are the same as vulgar varieties.

      When I can't use words like fuck, shit, and damn, I use the more subtle facial expressions. Snorting, rolling my eyes, grimacing, clenching my teeth, etc. all serve the same purpose. After all, it's a quick stress reliever for quick stress buildup.

      --
      "If a nation expects to be ignorant and free in a state of civilization, it expects what never was and never will be."
    3. Re:Dag Nabbit! by NanoGator · · Score: 5, Interesting

      "Personally, when words like "Freak" and "Darn" are used in place of their vulgar counterparts, I tend to laugh at the person using them. It just sounds wrong."

      Heh. I read a Dilbert book (err I can't remember the title, but it had to do with things you should and shouldn't do... it had to do with etiquette, I think.) One strip had to do with swearing and how some people (typically older people) would go haywire if you used the wrong words.

      I've seen this happen. I remember one day in high school, there was some stupid play scheduled. The play was going on during the 3rd period. For me, that meant I could stay in the computer class for 3 hours. Neat! So I didn't get the permission slip filled out. Well, I was wrong. They shuffled everybody who wasn't attending the play into study halls. Doh. I was a senior during the peek of my rebellious phase. I was going to do something daring, I was going to skip the study hall. So while everybody was herded to another room, I slipped away. I wandered into a different study hall where one of my friends was. We bs'd for about 20 minutes before I noticed the teacher was taking attendance. Oh... crap. Like a secret agent, I snuck out of the class and started making tracks to where I was supposed to go. I was one floor up from the study hall. If I were caught coming down the stairs, instant bust. So I cooked up a story to the tune of "I had to go to the bathroom. I went up a floor because that level had a bathroom with a door on the stall." Perfect excuse! By the time I came down the stairs, I was anxious. Very anxious. The teacher that saw me spotted me and said "where have you been?!" My anxiety caught up with me and all that came out was "I was taking a dump!"

      The teacher's eyes lit up with anger. In retrospect, I should have expected this. But I honestly didn't see 'taking a dump' as being in the same league as 'shitted in a fucking private stall', but the way he reacted I might as well have said that. He was so mad, he actually ran across the hall and stopped a teacher that was passing by. "I asked this young man why he was late to class, and you know what he said?" The poor teacher disinterestedly shook his head. "He said he was..." he actually held up his hands to signify quotes... "taking a dump." The teacher who obviously wanted to continue to his destination had a blank look on his face. The study hall teacher then asked "Do you think that was appropriate?" He shook his head and wandered off. I was left to write a 4 page report on why the phrase "Taking a dump" is inappropriate.

      By the third revision of my paper I was getting annoyed. He told me he didn't like it and that I should completely rewrite it. So I did. I filled up four pages about how the older generation of people couldn't cope with the cultural changes that had happened over the last couple of decades, so the younger generation had to tread lightly when speaking around them. I fully expected to end up explaining that paper to the vice principal, but instead the study hall teacher shook his head and threw it away. I honestly don't know if what I was saying got through to him or if he realized he was overreacting or if he was just plain bored with the conflict.

      Needless to say, I find cartoons about people swearing so much that other characters catch fire pretty funny. I understand the concept of polite conversation, but it still baffles me how some people get so worked up over 'vulgar phrases'. I think it's a generational thing, but if somebody has a better idea I'm all ears.

      Heh sorry dudes, didn't have anything real interesting to share about the topic at hand. I just remembered this little story after what the parent poster said about people looking silly by using softer words. I found myself using words like that during the rest of my senior year in high school.

      --
      "Derp de derp."
    4. Re:Dag Nabbit! by ja · · Score: 2, Interesting

      ... it still baffles me how some people get so worked up over 'vulgar phrases'.

      Especially since "vulgar" is supposed to mean common (as in "not unusual") One would have thought it to be accepted for "plain" people to speak plain languge.



      mvh // Jens M Andreasen

      --

      send + more == money? ...
    5. Re:Dag Nabbit! by Floody · · Score: 4, Interesting

      The teacher's eyes lit up with anger. In retrospect, I should have expected this. But I honestly didn't see 'taking a dump' as being in the same league as 'shitted in a fucking private stall', but the way he reacted I might as well have said that. He was so mad, he actually ran across the hall and stopped a teacher that was passing by. "I asked this young man why he was late to class, and you know what he said?" The poor teacher disinterestedly shook his head. "He said he was..." he actually held up his hands to signify quotes... "taking a dump."

      Yes, very Donnie Darko. "I'll tell you what he said. He asked my to forcibly insert the Life Line exercise into my anus."

      Cultural differences vary widely with geography, of course, but where I happen to currently reside, cursing has become so socially accepted that it's practically no longer noticed. I'm not just talking about a particular peer group either; even in the workplace, it's unusual not too hear a litany of frustated cursing at any given moment with no apparent relation to gender, ethnicity, etc.

      As someone with significant intellectual interest in linguistics, I've noticed that there are essentially two categories of cursing: Words or phrases with a prejudicial basis (gender, race, sexual preference, etc) and those related to bodily functions. The "bodily function" category is apparently much more acceptable in mixed company; for the obvious reason that while an isolated prejudicial curse might be harmless out of context, the prejudice itself often still exists in the world and continues to damage societies across the globe.

      There is also the class of curses that seems to be in somewhat of a "cross-over" mode, like the word "bitch." Literal meaning aside, it has traditionally been used as a derogatory term for a female. Modern usage though seems to be changing, and the term can now often apply to both men and women; as a result it seems more acceptable in common speech. I'm curious if it will lose (or already has lost) some of its "curse power" because of this slight linguistic shift and the fact that it's not part of the immortal "bodily function" category.

    6. Re:Dag Nabbit! by syukton · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Bitch has undergone quite an evolution. Once used to describe a spiteful or overbearing woman, it is also more and more commonly being used to refer to a man as weak or contemptible.

      Even moreso though, rap culture has brought out a usage in common language, where "bitch" = "woman" -- in the sentence, "let's get some bitches up in here." This is something that those using it in this context don't really see any problem with using, in this context...

      --
      Reinvent the wheel only at either a lower cost, greater effectiveness, or your own personal enrichment and satisfaction.
    7. Re:Dag Nabbit! by unitron · · Score: 2, Interesting
      "Bitch" crossed over due to its use to mean "complain" and to a much lesser degree as a result of the "surfer's slang" term "bitchin'".

      I can remember when "suck" was not ever used in polite company unless you were discussing soda straws or vacuum cleaners, otherwise it was considered a reference to fellatio. Then somewhere along the line as the sixties slid through the seventies to become the eighties it came into use as a general purpose non-sexual derogative.

      I'm still somewhat uncomfortable hearing it used by those younger than me or anywhere other than somewhat restricted subsets of the public, such as in a bar or as part of a bunch of guys framing a building.

      I'm more of a hypocrite than a prude, though, and still have to be careful about my verbal reactions when something goes wrong in the church soundbooth.

      --

      I see even classic Slashdot is now pretty much unusable on dial up anymore.

  2. Hot Shit by TruePaige · · Score: 4, Interesting

    What about the perpetual fuck as a comma crowd though? How do they fit into this? Are they de-sensitized?

  3. Why not lie detecting? by Safe+Sex+Goddess · · Score: 5, Interesting
    I wonder why they never talk about detecting lies with these fMRI machines. They'll talk about how to induce "spiritual" feelings in people, or how they've discovered the mirror neurons that tell us when a person watches another person do something, it's like we're doing it ourselves. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/3204/01-mo nkey.html

    If we want to really clean up government and speed up processing in the criminal justice system, we should put $100 million into fMIR as lie detectors.

    We could have an electoral truth telling challenge between candidates to see who's telling the truth and who isn't.

    --
    Abstinence is a government conspiracy. www.SafeSexZone.co
  4. Those arn't real curses... by thepotoo · · Score: 1, Interesting
    So they don't have the same effect on you or on anyone else.

    See, TFA says kids pick up naught words based on how they are used by adults. Let's take the example of a child watching you building a house with a hammer and nails-angry curse words are usually the first thing that come to mind when you hit your thumb with a hammer.

    But, if you say something like "dag nabbit", your brain has clearly had time to consider saying "fuck" and discarded it as vulgar. Hence, you've taken time to think about what you're saying, and your comment gets stored in a different location of the listening child's brain (and they go to a different place in the listening adult's brain).

    So, relax, you can say all those words all you want.

    --
    Obligatory Soundbite Catchphrase
  5. Re:Request for Comment by dreamchaser · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Interesting. I'm not sure I agree, but perhaps the first word was in response to a rock being dropped on some caveman's foot! Something to ponder at least.

  6. Re:Request for Comment by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Interesting

    Considering Vulgar means "common", then yes, "advanced language" is anything that isn't vulgar.

  7. WoW - Why ? by craznar · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Which brings me to the question - why does WoW let me say 'crap' - but not 'LSD' ?

    I personally think that WoW should have a 'receive' foul language option to increase entertainment.

    So if two people both have the flag on - they can spit what ever they want at each other.

    Sort of like VpV.

    --
    EMail: 0110001101100010010000000110001101110010 0110000101111010011011100110000101110010 0010111001100011011011110110
  8. The article is poopy, but I'll comment anyways by Shazow · · Score: 5, Interesting
    Firstly, I don't agree with some of what is said. For one:
    "Golly" is a compaction of "God's body" and, thus, was once a profanity.

    I have no idea where they got that (and many others of their facts) from, but wiktionary says otherwise. It seems to be pseudo-researched with a couple of reputable quotes here and there... Oh well.

    To the point, in reference to their Stroop test (on page 2), where people were startled by obscene words moreso than neutral words, I find it to be the reverse in "comfortable" environments (as they vaguely mentioned). That is to say, so many people swear habitually that it's not even a big deal in casual situations. To find someone that says "poop" instead of "shit" or something unique and unsensical like "fatty arbuckle!" instead of "fuck!" tends to startle people in surprize. At first, at least.

    The novelty of profanity has been worn out to the point where it doesn't have the desired effect anymore. Therefore, I subscribe to the alternative: Using unique and creative utterings to describe my feelings.

    This way, after people get to know me, and get used to me being profanity-free, and then one day I get REALLY pissed off and say FUCK, they know I MEAN IT! :D

    Works wonderfully. Plus, makes swearing that/i much more fun.

    - shazow
    1. Re:The article is poopy, but I'll comment anyways by Gizzmonic · · Score: 3, Interesting

      The novelty of profanity has been worn out to the point where it doesn't have the desired effect anymore. Therefore, I subscribe to the alternative: Using unique and creative utterings to describe my feelings.


      The thing is, when you're REALLY using profanity, (in the brain states described in the article) you won't have time to be cute about it. There's a difference between what you say when you slam your fingers in the car door and what you say to your friends at the coffee house to sound cute.

      --
      (-1, Raw and Uncut is the only way to read)
  9. You're overlooking the obvious... by hackwrench · · Score: 2, Interesting

    That in some people, myself included, curse words don't even come up as options so they don't get evaluated.

    1. Re:You're overlooking the obvious... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Interesting
      Ditto here. Posting AC because I get a bit of flack over this but I never swear. The worst words that I use are "grap", "suck" and some growls or contained screams.

      When I was a teen I would use the naughty words because I thought they made me cool, but once when I saw a horrific accident a nasty word slipped out in front of my older brother and I made a resolution right then and there to never, ever use any of those words again. And I haven't slipped even once.

      I've become quite anal about it, and words which most people consider perfectly fine are somehow "dirty" or "bad" to me and I never utter or even think them. People have noticed my utter and complete lack of usage of those words and have asked me about it and I always say that I'm saving the up for a time when I really mean it, but I can't imagine such a day ever coming.

  10. Not only monkeys... by Pig+Hogger · · Score: 2, Interesting
    FTFA:
    [...] chimpanzees engage in what appears to be a kind of cursing match as a means of venting aggression and avoiding a potentially dangerous physical clash.
    Frans de Waal, a professor of primate behavior at Emory University in Atlanta, said that when chimpanzees were angry "they will grunt or spit or make an abrupt, upsweeping gesture that, if a human were to do it, you'd recognize it as aggressive."
    Such behaviors are threat gestures, Professor de Waal said, and they are all a good sign.
    "A chimpanzee who is really gearing up for a fight doesn't waste time with gestures, but just goes ahead and attacks," he added.
    Chimpanzees? How about cats??? Ever noticed how cats will scream loudly at each other, mere inches from each other? And most of the time, they just separate without ever so slightly slashing each other.
  11. NPR, Deadwood, Carlin by BlueEar · · Score: 5, Interesting
    NPR had an interesting interview about Deadwood. Turns out that at the time people were using words such as "damn", "bloody", "goddam", etc., which are no longer strong curse words. Thus the producer of Deadwood decided to convey the reality of times by "upgrading" curses.

    Another interesting observation was made by George Carlin. He was essentially guessing that teaching somebody not to use certain "bad" words is the first step in teaching them to be complacent. If you can teach them not to make certain sounds, you can teach them not to yell at authorities. Often, people who play the "word police" are very controlling. Of course, cursing is not a sign of an educated person, but when you hit your shin on a corner of a desk, "fuck!" is a more appropriate response than "I think I experienced pain" ...

    --
    A religious war is an adult version of a fight over who has the best imaginary friend
  12. Origin of Swears... by Dankling · · Score: 5, Interesting
    It's interesting that the article is so focused on the effect that swear words have on the people hearing them (or even just seeing them). I think the story of how swear words come into being wasn't nearly touched on enough in the article as it should have.

    Why is it that words come to be 'forbidden' after normal usage before. At one time, none of the swear words used today existed. Remember, someone had to invent all of these words. On the flip side, why is it that swear words, after repeated use, lose their 'evilness'?

    Nowadays, the phrase, "Oh, golly!" may be considered almost comically wholesome, but it was not always so. "Golly" is a compaction of "God's body" and, thus, was once a profanity.

    Is it that profanity is in the eye of the beholder? If I were talking to somebody in a room can call the person a 'fucktard', chances are the person I'm talking to would take offense. But in a different scenario I'm talking with a French man that doesn't know a word of english. Now I can call him whatever-the-hell I want to. And just as long as I'm using the inflections in my voice as if I were telling a joke, he wouldn't know any better than if I were telling a joke.

    What makes a word a word? It's not the arrangement of the english characters on the post card that offend me - the association between the arranged letters on the notecard and my past experience with that word that makes it vulgar. Ever since we have been children we have known which words not to say - not by the letters F U C and K, but by the face on my pissed off mother. That surely would explain why a child, illiterate or foreigner wouldn't find our swear words offensive.

    So, after reading the article, I question the reactions that the tested subjects had to the swear word on the card. We aren't born with these conections in our head, they are learned.

    Lastly, another question for the readers: Can swear words be taught out of existence? You would think that if people stopped taking offense to swear words that people would stop using them. It would make sense that if we were taught that 'shit' was a synonym for Cotton Candy, then it wouldn't really be offensive.

    Feasible? bs? i dunno...

    --
    Slash-for-Thought
    1. Re:Origin of Swears... by coaxial · · Score: 2, Interesting

      We've seen the evolution of swear words in our own lifetime. Not too many years ago, "suck" as in , "This sucks!" and "Suck it." was profane. As is anything with allusion to felatio. Now, we have Dish Network ads where the wholesome suburbanites sit around and say, "Our tv sucks. It sucks big time." Now, I'm not pulling a Helen Lovejoy and screaming that someone out to think of the children, but there was a time in my life when saying "This sucks" would get you stuck in the corner, and now it's pun fodder.

      Now excuse me, but I hear that Barney and Fred are going to "have a gay old time," and I don't want to miss it.

    2. Re:Origin of Swears... by Kafir · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Is it that profanity is in the eye of the beholder?

      This is something I think about on a fairly regular basis--my handle, here and on E2 (Kafir/kaffir) is the South African equivalent of "nigger". In Arabic "kafir" means "unbeliever", which is why I chose it; to an American (which I am) it probably doesn't mean anything, or possibly it's a kind of lime.

      Anyway, I get outraged South Africans writing to me once in a while, and sometimes I feel a little bad about it--but it's hard to take their complaints seriously. I realize intellectually that I'd be a bit shocked by someone with the username "Nigger"--but it's hard to imagine actually being shocked by "kaffir", which I think of, again, as a kind of corn, a kind of lime, or an accurate description of my beliefs from a Muslim perspective. These people speak, in theory, the same language as I do, and I'm not offended.

      Then again, my grandmother never stopped calling Brazil nuts "niggertoes", so maybe insensitivity runs in the family.

      Why is it that words come to be 'forbidden' after normal usage before?

      As the article points out, words often become forbidden because of people's feelings about the things they describe. The article gives the example of toilet->bathroom->men's room, but racial slurs work the same way. "Negro" (or "nigra", in Southern American pronunciation--just like tobacco/tabacca) was once the preferred term for describing people of African descent (See "United Negro College Fund"), but because so many racist people used the word to express their racist ideas, the word (particularly in its southern form) became offensive. Same with "colored"; it was conceived as a neutrally descriptive word (think NAACP), but became tainted by the racism of the culture in which it was used. (Though again, my grandma never stopped saying it.)

      In a culture where enough people hate (or at think somewhat negatively of) black people, or gay people, or whatever, any words used to describe those groups are going to become slurs. (Well, maybe not any word; "person of color" is probably too unwieldy to ever become an epithet).

      Same with other things people dislike; there isn't any really polite way to say "take a shit", because shitting isn't something people are comfortable talking about. Any new euphemism will pick up the same "taint", once it becomes closely enough associated with shitting.

  13. So what do scientists know? by Locke2005 · · Score: 2, Interesting

    The taboo sense of a word, Dr. Burridge said, "always drives out any other senses it might have had." How does he explain, then, the new Direct TV ads built around use of the word "sucks"? In this case, it appears the accepted meaning of the word (is of poor quality) has driven the taboo sense. Is everyone else too young to remember when "sucks" was an expression not to be used in polite conversation... unless you were referring to pacifiers?

    --
    I've abandoned my search for truth; now I'm just looking for some useful delusions.
  14. Re:Not particularly effective by jkauzlar · · Score: 3, Interesting
    This isn't a valid argument against something on the level that fMRI measures. Fear and its physiological effects are emotional and, well, physiological. The fMRI, as I understand it from the article, would look at the neural pathways that are in use at the time of the lie-- for example, if the person lying were deliberately creating a false response to each question, the fMRI might detect 'creative impulses' or some such. But if the lies were pre-determined, the brain waves would look entirely different, probably much like it would if they were telling the truth. If the person actually believed the lies, then there is no way to detect their statement as a lie, obviously.

    The emotional level, such as what a lie detector is supposed to monitor, is then probably the best route for determining guilt. If you think about all of the complications of creating an fMRI-based lie detector, it seems less and less possible.

  15. Re:English is quite a poor language for this exerc by niktemadur · · Score: 3, Interesting

    Yobanaya v jopu pizda, suka bliad', xuinia zadrochennaya molofeinaya, zalupa zloyebuchaya, pizdenishy pizdostradatel'nye prihujarennye, huila bl'adskij suchenysh' gnoinyj bliadopereyobannyi :)

    Da? Putzalut moi shzopa, balshoi durak. Ti javnó sviñá.

    There is a large and ancient subculture in Mexico known as the "albur", a play of words, used mostly by men, that contains a hidden message, particularly about sexually dominating the person you are speaking to. It comes from the natives being subyugated by the spaniards, and shooting a hidden meanings at your dominator was a way to achieve minor victories every day.
    Nowadays, the "albur" is deeply rooted in many sectors of Mexico's working class, has become a game and secret society of sorts, and there are hundreds if not thousands of possible retorts (new ones are invented virtually every day). The point is to shoot back and forth until one of the two "players" is at a loss. There is always the danger of messing up and causing a self-inflicted goal, to use a soccer reference. Think a much subtler and faster version of "8 Mile's" rap face-offs, and you get the general idea.
    A few people speak like this all the time, you're trying to have a normal conversation, then suddenly whoever's around is smiling and you have absolutely no idea what the hell just happened. An extremely small percentage of foreigners are aware that the "albur" exists, much fewer still understand it, virtually none are any good at it, and this includes people from other spanish-speaking nations.

    Now, Spaniards are particularly blunt and nasty in their usage of profanity, the undisputed kings of Tourette's: "Bola de jilipollas, ostia joder, que me cago en la leche de su madre".
    That last expression translates into "I shit in your mother's milk".

    --
    Lil' Thindime, lilting a lacrimose lament, krashes the kwaint konfines of Kokonino Kounty