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Nobel Prize in Physics: Seeing the Light

lidden writes "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2005 has been awarded Roy J. Glauber "for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence". And John L. Hall and Theodor W. Hänsch "for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique"."

37 of 130 comments (clear)

  1. Quantum what? by Pig+Hogger · · Score: 3, Funny

    Quantum coherence? Sometimes it is, sometimes it is not, until curiosity kills the (Shrödinger's) cat???

  2. Bandwidth enhancement? by dada21 · · Score: 4, Interesting

    The ambiguity of light (wave and/or particle) has always made my head spin. To think that a bulb gives off light in "infinite" (lower limit time angle of tau) blows my mind.

    Affiliating light with quantum theory seems like a stretch as quantum theory answers seem deus ex machina to me. I'm sure "wiser" people give this discovery merit, but even the "advanced information" link is ambiguous.

    If we can now comb out light frequencies to within 15 digits of accuracy, it seems like we can increase bandwidth over laser optics by many orders of magnitude. The long term gain in communications bandwidth could be huge if the technique is feasible cheaply by industry.

    If this technique can somehow be utilized with the radio spectrum instead of light, I wonder if similar increases in data space could be realized. I never contemplated light to radio in the physical sense.

    1. Re:Bandwidth enhancement? by marcus · · Score: 5, Informative

      A fairly large part of physics and cosmology is mind blowing. That is why it is so interesting, at least to me. Forget quantum oddness, just consider some of the numbers. Try to get a real grip on things like 10^19 eV. The universe is truly, literally, awe inspiring.

      With radio we already have much more sophisticated modulation methods. Most "light band" modulation today is basically an automated, binary version of Morse Code, still effectively in the Stone Age. We are currently just barely able to "tune" a light transmitter and receiver. DWDM is nowhere near the spectral density of current radio technology. We cannot do anything with light approaching phase shift modulation, spread spectrum techniques, code division muxing, hell even plain old FM in the "light band" is currently out of reach. While lasers could be compared to classic PLLs, currently they are not even close to being as useful in frequency modulation and demodulation applications.

      --
      Good judgement comes from experience, and experience comes from bad judgement.
      - W. Wriston, former Citibank CEO
    2. Re:Bandwidth enhancement? by i_should_be_working · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Affiliating light with quantum theory seems like a stretch as quantum theory answers seem deus ex machina to me.

      Quantum theory pretty much came out of studying light. Planck's constant, one of the defining characteristics of quantum theory was a result of Planck studying blackbody radiation. Same kind of radiation emmitted from a light bulb, just at a lower energy.

      And the measurement process, which almost no one is in agreement about, is about the only thing in the theory that has elements of deus ex machina.

    3. Re:Bandwidth enhancement? by lucabrasi999 · · Score: 2, Funny

      So what you are saying is that, inside of my fingernail, there could be a teeny-tiny universe?

    4. Re:Bandwidth enhancement? by geeber · · Score: 2, Interesting

      With radio we already have much more sophisticated modulation methods. Most "light band" modulation today is basically an automated, binary version of Morse Code, still effectively in the Stone Age

      And yet light wins out when it comes to raw transmission bandwidth. The same thing that makes it tough to modulate - i.e. it's high frequency, is what makes it attractive in terms of big fat pipes.

    5. Re:Bandwidth enhancement? by ScriptedReplay · · Score: 3, Interesting

      He should have been more specific. Try to get a real grip on things like protons with energy of ~10^19eV. Especially since the theory predicts a mean free path that's way too short for any sources to reach us at that energy level (nothing fitting the energy bill that we know of close enough to Earth) Not to mention the question of what kind of sources would accelerate them to such energies.

      It's all a question of perspective ;-)

    6. Re:Bandwidth enhancement? by Alomex · · Score: 4, Interesting

      To quote Richard Feynman:

      "It doesn't seem to me that this fantastically marvelous universe, this tremendous range of time and space and different kinds of animals, and all the different planets, and all these atoms with all their motions, and so on, all this complicated thing can merely be a stage so that God can watch human beings struggle for good and evil - which is the view that religion has. The stage is too big for the drama."

  3. Wow... what's next by JustASlashDotGuy · · Score: 5, Funny

    First, we have the sonic toothbrush, and now we have the optical frequency comb!

    I can't wait to see what the future holds for us next!

    1. Re:Wow... what's next by metlin · · Score: 2, Funny

      I can't wait to see what the future holds for us next!

      Arghh!! Must escape the Attack of Horrible Puns (TM) from Slashdot!

    2. Re:Wow... what's next by Hogwash+McFly · · Score: 3, Funny

      Soap, hopefully.

      --
      Mother, do you think they'll like this sig?
    3. Re:Wow... what's next by MooseTick · · Score: 2, Funny

      "First, we have the sonic toothbrush, and now we have the optical frequency comb!"

      I thought Sonic was a hedgehog

  4. Took their time by gowen · · Score: 5, Funny

    It took the Nobel committee 42 years to decide that Glauber's work in quantum theory was worthy of their prize. Now that's what I call uncertainty.

    --
    Athletic Scholarships to universities make as much sense as academic scholarships to sports teams.
    1. Re:Took their time by databyss · · Score: 3, Funny

      42 years you say?

      Maybe it wasn't so uncertain... maybe it was always the answer...

      --
      Hmmm witty sig or funny sig? Maybe elitest techy sig!
    2. Re:Took their time by geeber · · Score: 2, Funny

      It took the Nobel committee 42 years to decide that Glauber's work in quantum theory was worthy of their prize. Now that's what I call uncertainty.

      At the same time, because the uncertainty in the timing of the award is very large, the amount of money involved can be known very precisely!

    3. Re:Took their time by lucabrasi999 · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Either that, or he was just making a joke about "42".

    4. Re:Took their time by darkmeridian · · Score: 2, Insightful

      It took the Nobel committee 42 years to decide that Glauber's work in quantum theory was worthy of their prize. Now that's what I call uncertainty.

      The Nobel Committee does not want to impugn the integrity of the Prize by doling it out for science that does not pan out. They have to wait until the research is established to some degree. What would happen to the Prize if someone won for cold fusion? The Nobel Prize would be a joke.

      --
      A NYC lawyer blogs. http://www.chuangblog.com/
    5. Re:Took their time by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Are you kidding? Glauber should have won this twenty years ago. His work on coherent states is the bedrock of modern quantum optics. For example, without coherent states, nobody would understand squeezed states. And for example, coherent states allow us to understand why the classical optics approximation works so well. I read his papers over and over in my Ph.D. research, and I'm shocked it's taken so long.

    6. Re:Took their time by Bananenrepublik · · Score: 2, Informative

      It's also amazing how long they took to award Hänsch, and then only 1/4th of the prize - Hänsch's discovered the monochromatic, tunable dye laser (essential to almost all laser spectroscopy application, at least until the semiconductor laser became usable, and still unparalleled in the high power range), saturation and polarization spectroscopy (techniques which allow for Doppler-free spectroscopy; again, essential techniques used in almost any laboratory where lasers are pointed at atoms), laser cooling of atoms (unfortunately he applied this technique only in one direction, a Nobel prize was awarded to the first people who used essentially the same technique for trapping atoms), and finally frequency combs (a fairly new development which allows for very precise frequency measurements in the visible and UV range). Furthermore Hänsch's group was one of the first to observe Bose-Einstein condensation, is leading in precision measurements of the spectrum of the Hydrogen atom (if I'm still up-to-date, their error margins are smaller than those of the theoretical calculations, which is a great achievement), and a number of other interesting things. In 2001, at the occasion of Hänsch's 60th birthday a colloquium was held here in Munich with talks by IIRC 6 nobel laureates, who all seemed to be embarassed that out of them only Hänsch hadn't yet been awarded the prize.

      OTOH I did attend a lecture he gave a few years back and I must say that he is one of the worst lecturers I ever had, he handed the lecture off to his assistant half-way through the semester. But maybe he's a better professor in his advanced courses, his group seemed to be fairly happy with him everytime I talked to somebody.

    7. Re:Took their time by gowen · · Score: 3, Funny
      You may be onto something with the uncertain bit, but I'm uncertain.
      Trust me. I wrote the original comment.
      --
      Athletic Scholarships to universities make as much sense as academic scholarships to sports teams.
    8. Re:Took their time by PippinTheThird · · Score: 2, Insightful

      The (original) purpose of Nobel Prize was to encourage young gifted scientists, to give them recognition necessary to get funding for research. Obviously now it's just a sort of a medal for past achievement and adds absolutely nothing to science TODAY.

    9. Re:Took their time by DerekLyons · · Score: 2, Informative
      The (original) purpose of Nobel Prize was to encourage young gifted scientists, to give them recognition necessary to get funding for research. Obviously now it's just a sort of a medal for past achievement and adds absolutely nothing to science TODAY.
      Umm... No. It's always been a medal for achievement, to quote from Alfred Nobel's will;
      The whole of my remaining realisable estate shall be dealt with in the following way: The capital shall be invested by my executors in safe securities and shall constitute a fund, the interest on which shall be annually distributed in the form of prizes to those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind.
  5. Particles by xgamer04 · · Score: 3, Funny

    I believe that the number of particles physicists currently use is not enough. Therefore I am now creating the foo-on, bar-on, and baz-on. Use 'em however ya like. You can send the Nobel stuff anytime.

    --
    When you look at the state of the world, how can you not become a radical, liberal anarchist?
    1. Re:Particles by Physics+Nobody · · Score: 2, Informative

      Fermi also said that at a time when we were constantly discovering new mesons and baryons and QCD had not yet been developed to put it all together yet.

      These days we know that mesons are baryons are not fundamental. Remembering the names of the fundamental particles really isn't that hard and it's worth your time:

      Six kinds of quarks: up, down, strange, charm, top, bottom
      Six kinds of leptons: electron, muon, tau, electron neutrino, muon neutrino, tau neutrino
      Force carriers: photon, W+, W-, Z0, gluon

      That's it for the standard model. Most people will agree that the graviton should be added to the list of force carriers, although nobody has observed one yet. There's also the Higgs (or possibly a family of Higgs particles), which hopefully the LHC will either observe or disprove. Then you start getting into stranger possibilities like supersymmetry (which is reasonably well supported by theory) and various whack-job theories (which aren't).

      Since you never see bare quarks (a subject of last year's Nobel Prize, I believe) it's worthwhile to know some of the more common baryons (for instance, protons and neutrons) and mesons (learn your pions...and maybe kaons). But trying to memorize them all is pretty pointless, as you can have a lot of different combinations of quarks (especially when you start talking about excited states). Check the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.lbl.gov/) if you need to look up info on a particular particle.

      --

      Physics is good

  6. Physics behind the awards by Cyclotron_Boy · · Score: 2, Informative

    PhysOrg has a pretty good rundown of the physics involved in the discoveries. Worth a look...

    1. Re:Physics behind the awards by Cyclotron_Boy · · Score: 4, Informative

      Ooops- wrong link...
      Try this one instead.
      My bad. Need more coffee.

  7. Corresponding wikipedia articles by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 3, Informative

    There are already three articles about those outstanding scientists in the english wikipedia at [[Roy J. Glauber]], [[John L. Hall]] and [[Theodor W. Hänsch]].

    The German wikipedia and the Indonesian one has also three articles. Some of them are still to be considered stubs.

    I would like you to invite to translate them into other languages (oops, I forgot Esperanto, there are already articles about them) and to contribute to those articles. We need freely licensed pictures of them and more details about their CV and their work.

    Thanks you very much in advance.

  8. optical frequency comb technique - Prior art? by RoverDaddy · · Score: 5, Funny

    The inventor of the comb-over patented his work in 1977, and won the igNobel prize last year. I'm sure the comb-over technique operates in an optical frequency range in order to be effective.

    --
    RETURN without GOSUB in line 1050
  9. Wikipedia by Frankie70 · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I searched for Glauber & this is what I found.
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glauber

    If this guy is good enough to win the Nobel, how come
    he isn't in Wikipedia?

  10. Re:He got a nobel prize for WHAT?!? by feranick · · Score: 5, Informative

    Glauber didn't discover the laser, if this is what you mean. He provided the theory for quantum optics, which deals with quantum electrodynamical interactions of light and matter. Hall and Hänsch instead developed laser-based precision spectroscopy: in other words they used laser for high precision frequency measurements. Coherent optics is not just about laser, but what you can do with them.

  11. Damn - another lost Nobel prize by Snamh+Da+Ean · · Score: 2, Funny

    I have missed out for yet ANOTHER year on physics prize. I think I will just re-train and become an economist or peace campaigner or something.

  12. Quantum Physicist Catfight by theSpaceCow · · Score: 2, Funny

    The Nobel site clearly shows via pie-chart icons that each of the three winners only gets a fraction of that little medal. I hope they seriously do cut it and mail them the parts, because to give each a medal would be mathematically dishonest at best.

    I also hope jealous laureates fight one another to gain their medal-pieces and complete the artifact Triforce-style. Mostly because the mental image amuses me.

    --
    I support the separation of oil and state.
  13. Obligatory Real Genius quote by blake182 · · Score: 2, Funny

    Mitch: This is coherent light.
    Mitch's dad: Oh, so it talks.

  14. From a Student by ThinkComp · · Score: 5, Informative

    I was an undergraduate student in one of Professor Glauber's courses at Harvard two years ago, and though I'm certainly no specialist on light or physics, I really enjoyed his course (The Nature of Light and Matter). It's one of the many Core Curriculum courses at Harvard, but it's taught by one of the few professors there worthy of calling himself a teacher. He has a great sense of humor. I'm glad someone who deserves some credit was able to earn it.

    1. Re:From a Student by bigpat · · Score: 2, Interesting

      I took Professor Glauber's "Waves Particles and the Structure of Matter" through the Harvard Extension School as a high school senior over a decade ago.

      It was probably the best course I have ever taken in any subject, but certainly out of my physics classes I will always remember it very fondly for how he was able to combine very illustrative descriptions of theory with very good physical demonstrations.

      Somewhat sadly, I eventually took up work in the computer field rather than stick with physics. So I cannot say that it laid the foundation for a career in physics for me, but I never looked at physical reality the same way since then and I have always tried to look more carefully whatever the subject.

      Very happy to see him recognized today for his achievements, he is a good person and a great teacher.

  15. Germany and America share the nobel prize by gururise · · Score: 2, Informative

    Germany, the traditional powerhouse in physics and America shared this 2005 Nobel Prize in Physics. The interesting thing is the Glauber, the american scientist, was awarded 1/2 of the prize money (approx. 1.1 Million Euro), while Hänsch, from Germany, and Hall, from America, had to share the other half.

    Hall, 71, of Colorado University and Hänsch, 63, of the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics and Munich's Ludwig Maximilian University, share the other half of the prize "for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique".

    Hänsch told reporters in Stockholm via telephone that he was at his Munich office when he learned he had won the prize.

    "I was speechless and very, very ecstatic," he said. "I'm now trying to get used to the idea.

    "I have learned that you don't have to know everything in your field. But you have to know what has previously not been known," he added.

  16. Brilliant way to get modded +8 Informative... by birge · · Score: 2, Funny

    I wish I'd thought of that: post a useful link, get it wrong, repost. Double your karma. Nicely done!