Hubble finds Mass of White Dwarf

Chris Bradshaw writes "The mass of the nearest white dwarf star to Earth has been measured accurately for the first time. from the article: 'Sirius B is just 12,000 km (7,500 miles) in diameter, similar to Earth, but its mass is 98% that of the Sun. Studying Sirius B has been difficult because of the bright light coming from its neighbour Sirius A, the "Dog Star." The results, published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, come from astronomers using the Hubble Space Telescope.'"

Comments

More on White Dwarfs...

[Cherita Chen]

It's important to note that with out supplemental information from other sources, this would not have been possible. another space-born observatory that has aided greatly in the study of white dwarfs Here

additionally, more can be found on the white dwarfs in general Here.

It'll be more interesting when they find..

[Anonymous Coward]

Mass of RED Dwarf

Re:It'll be more interesting when they find..

[phlegmofdiscontent]

It's all relative. For years, astronomers have known that Sirius B was about 1 solar mass, plus or minus maybe a tenth. They found this by observing the size of its orbit and its period. This time, using spectroscopy, they can estimate the surface gravity of Sirius B, which will give its radius and mass. There's still uncertainty in the measurement, as in all measurements, but that uncertainty is smaller than previous measurements. Who knows, 20 years from now new techniques could give an even more accurate measure of Sirius B's mass, but one could still say "measured accurately for the first time" since it's better than previous measurements. This is not revolutionary, it's evolutionary.

It's a shame...

[chrstphrb]

It is a shame that Hubble is on borrowed time...

http://washingtontimes.com/upi-breaking/20050420-1 25927-9641r.htm

Re:It's a shame...

[luvirini]

That is the way NASA works, ost of the money is spent on admninstration and other things only vaguely related to space and spaceresearch, thus they do not have money to maintain and build actual things.. but then.. NASA sees to be like most goverment agencies, mainly a jobs program and a way to divide contracts to the districts of congressmen. Too bad they lost their way somewhere....

Hubble

[jurt1235]

Although NASA (or the US goverment, it is all politics) does not want to fund Hubble anymore, the telescope proves that it is valuable every time again. Astronomers just need more time with the equipment to take more readings of an object so that they can catch the details. Is it an idea that a commercial company adopts the Hubble telescope and rents the time on the telescope out again to different agencies around the globe? The price for the adoption could be the operational cost of keeping Hubble in orbit in working order.

Re:Hubble

[bhima]

What's worse is that, with the Hubble Origins Probe: http://www.pha.jhu.edu/hop/, an extremely high value, achievable alternative plan exists.

The shuttle is not necessary, nor is the not yet designed or built robotic servicing capability. The Hubble Origins Probe could be in orbit by the time the original fails, continuing and extending the original mission while the James Webb mission design, construction, and launch is completed.

Additionally, if the US ever figures out how to put people back in space, or really does design robotic satellite repair capability the is nothing preventing the Hubble Origins Probe from having an extremely long and productive life.

Interesting Background...

[guygee]

not mentioned in the article, at http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/Sirius

Selected excerpt:

"Sirius A is about twice the size of the sun and about 20 times as luminous. It is also one of the nearest stars, lying at a distance of 8.7 light-years, so that it has been studied extensively. From an analysis of its motions, F. W. Bessel concluded (1844) that it had an unseen companion, which was later (1862) confirmed by observation. The companion, Sirius B, is a white-dwarf star and has also been the object of considerable study because it is the first white dwarf whose spectrum was found to exhibit a gravitational red shift, as predicted by the General Theory of Relativity."

Re:Time to update Wikipedia?

[meringuoid]

if the mass of a white dwarf goes over 1.4 solar masses, the gravitational collapse is strong enough to trigger a supernova explosion. In other words, at masses greater than the Chandrasekhar limit, the (inward) gravitational pressure overcomes the (outward) thermal/fusion pressure, thus causing a collapse and the ignition of most of the remainder of the stars fuel, thus the supernova explosion.

Right idea, wrong mechanism.

A white dwarf is not supported by thermal pressure, or by nuclear fusion; it is supported by degeneracy pressure between electrons, a consequence of the exclusion principle in quantum mechanics that forbids two electrons from occupying the same quantum state.

1.4 solar masses is correctly given as the critical point at which gravity prevails over the internal pressure; at this point, the star switches from degeneracy pressure between electrons to degeneracy pressure between neutrons, in the process dropping considerably more than the weight of the Sun from the size of the Earth to something more like the size of Belgium, through an enormously strong gravitational field. This releases an awful lot of energy, and is the main power source for such a supernova.

There's another type of supernova which is driven by fusion, but that's more typical of accretion systems in which the infalling matter has heated the white dwarf sufficiently to reignite fusion processes; then the fusion reaction is an uncontrolled runaway and can wholly disrupt the star.

Re:Time to update Wikipedia?

[Viadd]

Right idea, wrong mechanism.

No, white dwarfs do become fusion-powered supernovae, not gravity-powered. IAAA (I am an astrophysicist.)

A white dwarf becomes a Type Ia supernova when, at around 1.4 solar masses, the pressure at the center reaches the point where it can burn by fusion the carbon-nitrogen-oxygen left over from previous rounds of burning. This leads to a fusion-driven explosion that gets no net energy from gravitational collapse, leading to an expanding gas cloud that is largely hot iron-group elements.

There is another class of supernova that is gravitationally driven. Core collapse supernovae are produced when a massive star (>8 solar masses, last I heard) has burned 1.4 solar masses at its center to iron. (The 1.4 solar mass value is semi-coincidental with that in the previous paragraph, based on similar but not identical physics.) This is a gravity-powered supernova that blows the outer parts of the core away, leaving a neutron star or black hole where the core was.

There is no way for a white dwarf to become a core collapse supernova, the fusion kicks in and blows it apart before that happens.

The Dogon Mystery

[writerjosh]

The Dogon, a tribe in West Africa, are believed to be of Egyptian descent. After living in Libya for a time, they settled in Mali, West Africa, bringing with them astronomy legends dating from before 3200 BCE. In the late 1940s, four of their priests told two French anthropologists of a secret Dogon myths about the star Sirius (8.6 light years from the earth). The priests said that Sirius had a companion star that was invisible to the human eye. They also stated that the star moved in a 50-year elliptical orbit around Sirius, that it was small and incredibly heavy, and that it rotated on its axis.

All these things happen to be true. But what makes this so remarkable is that the companion star of Sirius, called Sirius B, was first photographed in 1970. While people began to suspect its existence around 1844, it was not seen through a telescope until 1862 -- and even then its great density was not known or understood until the early decades of the twentieth century. The Dogon beliefs, on the other hand, were supposedly thousands of years old.

http://www.dreamscape.com/morgana/thalass2.htm