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Recording Earthquakes on the Sea Floor

Roland Piquepaille writes "The vast majority of the earthquakes are located underneath the oceans where they are not recorded because of a lack of instruments. This is why the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) has developed a new kind of ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs) to record both small and large earthquakes on the sea floor. Forty of them will be deployed at the beginning of 2007 in an area of the Eastern Pacific Ocean known to have large earthquakes. One goal of this one-year mission is to better understand earthquake processes, but this technology could soon be used to better monitor other parts of the oceans. Read more for additional details and pictures about this new technology."

55 comments

  1. Good for fish by Oldsmobile · · Score: 1

    Good for fish, now they won't have their little fish houses falling on them during the night.

    --
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    1. Re:Good for fish by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      lol, depending on how deep it is, maybe always night. in which case stupid fish living in darkness building houses deserve to have them destroyed by the "rumblies".

  2. Tsunamis by Life700MB · · Score: 2, Informative


    Earthquakes at the bottom of the ocean are known to generate devastating tsunamis, as the Indian Ocean one on 2004.


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    1. Re:Tsunamis by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Whoreiffic post...

    2. Re:Tsunamis by Chris+Bradshaw · · Score: 1

      Ahhh yes! The ubiquitous wikipedia reference... But wait, that's not all - WE'RE Slashvertising too...

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      Get your Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool Here for FREE! - http://fedora.redhat.com
  3. hoo ee by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    That is a bunch of Hooie...

  4. It should not matter where the sensors are located by keilinw · · Score: 2, Informative

    I may be incorrect, but I believe that it is possible to detect seisemic activity from anywhere on the planet provided that the sensors are sensitive enough. With this in mind, detection is one thing, but actually interpreting the data as well as doing something useful with it is another thing. Geolocation with sensitive instruments requires MASSIVE amounts of computational power as well as a very good model of the Earth's transmittance dynamics. technologies which I'm sure certain governments are quite skilled at.

    On the other hand, a massive distributed sensor network would be quite useful as it would be more sensitive and would be able to geo-locate w/o the use of supercomputers!

    Matthew Wong http://www.themindofmatthew.com

  5. Only half the problem... by gasmonso · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Detecting the earthquake is only half the problem. As with the tsunami in 2004, the earthquake was detected, but there were no solid procedures in place to take action with the data. The information went unused for the most part as researchers were unsure who to call or what to do. Quite sad.

    http://religiousfreaks.com/
    1. Re:Only half the problem... by budgenator · · Score: 1

      The information went unused for the most part as researchers were unsure who to call or what to do
      The proper alerts were issued, whether governements chose to relay the alerts are a different matter. There is plenty of politics involved, not to mention the "jaws" factor, Don't issue warnings, it'll scare the tourrists" kind of a thing. I mean come on, the whole planet rang like a bell on that one, it was big enough to lift my house 4 inches and I live a half a world away.

      --
      Apocalypse Cancelled, Sorry, No Ticket Refunds
  6. Scientists know by Himring · · Score: 3, Funny

    Good article. This technology should prove useful as we seek to understand the mysterious forces behind plate techtonics. However, scientists claim publicly to need more understanding of earthquakes. Privately, they know they are caused, in large part, by Chuck Norris roundhouse kicks....

    --
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  7. Stupid Question by Eightyford · · Score: 2, Interesting

    This is probably a stupid question, but could all of the undersea listening posts that were put in the ocean (to detect nuclear subs) during the cold war be used to detect earthquakes?

    1. Re:Stupid Question by geobeck · · Score: 1

      I don't think that's a stupid question at all. Undersea listening posts are meant to detect weak sound waves generated in the water by submarines, but I'm sure they would also detect the strong sound waves generated in the crust by an earthquake (which generate weak sound waves in the water). They probably wouldn't do it as well as a purpose-built seismometer, but with additional software, and commnunication links to the right places, they could provide some additional detection ability.

      Of course, the US Navy would never allow them to be used for that purpose because the scientists might hear a [classified] sound from a [classified] vessel whose whereabouts are [classified].

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    2. Re:Stupid Question by oringo · · Score: 1

      I doubt that the naval listening devices can be used at all. These devices are made to capture sounds generated at 300-400m depth (maximum diving depth of most subs). The OBS are used at 3500-4000m depth on the ocean floor.

    3. Re:Stupid Question by SEWilco · · Score: 2, Interesting

      Why are you asking us? A Google search based on the term you used, "undersea listening post earthquakes", and someone else's terminology "naval listening post earthquakes" finds several results which indicate it has been used for that. More precise is "SOSUS earthquakes".

    4. Re:Stupid Question by Eightyford · · Score: 1

      Why are you asking us?

      Actually I was asking anyone that knew the answer. This is how slashdot works.

    5. Re:Stupid Question by SEWilco · · Score: 0

      Well, you might try searching for an answer with a service such as one called "Google". Click on that link for the Google Help Center.

    6. Re:Stupid Question by Detritus · · Score: 1
      Of course, the US Navy would never allow them to be used for that purpose because the scientists might hear a [classified] sound from a [classified] vessel whose whereabouts are [classified].

      I think you owe the Navy an apology.

      http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/vents/acoustics/sosus_app s.html

      --
      Mea navis aericumbens anguillis abundat
    7. Re:Stupid Question by geobeck · · Score: 1

      Cool. My apologies to the US Navy.

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      Find environmentally and socially responsible products on http://buy-right.net
  8. Good Start For Tsunami Detection by IflyRC · · Score: 1

    However, I don't think any amount of reasonable warning would have been enough to evacuate so many people as the Dec. '04 Tsunami. Sure, a great number of people could have made it out but you have to realize also that communication in some of those areas just isn't as fast as it is here - not to mention the crowded, overpopulated cities...it would take days to evacuate everyone and unfortunately there just isn't that kind of warning system available.

    1. Re:Good Start For Tsunami Detection by barefootgenius · · Score: 1

      Actually, communication in most cities isn't as good as you assume. Most Telecoms run as close to the line as possible with telecommunications, so a sudden surge in traffic can cause havoc. Best system I ever saw was a hand operated exchange where the operator could connect all the phones to one line so the local cop could alert the whole island at once. This doesn't seem to be implemented in todays infrastructure (in NZ at least (I rang them up and asked them)).

      --
      /. bug #926803 - Why I can post.
  9. big? Big? BIG? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0



    I'm placing my faith in the New Madrid fault. The last time it let loose - as in really let loose, the Mississippi River reversed direction for two days (and changed course in some ways when it resumed), the ground created swells (as in, "the ground rippled as though it were to be water") on the order of four or five feet, and could be felt on the East Coast.

    That's roughly 350 miles (as the crow drives) from many of us here in Central Indiana. We've only had minor tembles and it always makes one wonder if it's the big one. I've been in California for a couple of them and that was bad enough.

    The big question here is how far North one has to be in order to keep buildings intact. (being selfish and looking at home first)

    1. Re:big? Big? BIG? by M0b1u5 · · Score: 1

      Liquifaction huh? Yup, that'll ruin your day alright: with the ground behaving like water, with actual cresting waves (a la the ocean!) causing trees to be actually thrown out of the ground, and houses (or what remains of them) to float on the surface like boats. I live on the Pacific Rim of Fire, in New Zealand, and the ground on which my house sits has a high chance of liquifaction. We ensured the house design includes a special "boat" design in the floor slab which hopefully means the house remains intact while it surfs around the neighbourhood. Hopefully I've survive also!

      --
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  10. What a buch of hooey by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Er, I mean WHOI.

  11. sponsored by DOD by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I can imagine this is sponsored by US DOD to spy on the oceans. They are looking for Al Queda deep-diving boats that are planned to bring neuklear warheads to the west coast.

  12. they slow by wwmedia · · Score: 1

    250000 people died from an earthquake on the seafloor and they only getting around to placing these things in 2007...

    goddamn beauracrats

    1. Re:they slow by SEWilco · · Score: 1

      They sort of noticed the tsunami earthquake using existing devices. They didn't have gear to detect that a tsunami was created by that earthquake.

    2. Re:they slow by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Uh, there's a world-wide seismometer network already, though most of the stations are on the continental landmasses, with stations here and there on islands to fill in the obvious gaps in the oceans. The network has existed in continuously-upgraded forms since the 1960s. One of the main motivations for an open and global network of this type was (and still is) monitoring of underground nuclear tests. When treaties were signed, how did the countries trust that the others weren't cheating? Answer: they didn't. They monitored seismic events globally and distinguished the natural events from explosions. The signature between the two is very different.

      How do you think scientists knew about the Sumatra earthquake position long before reports of tsunami started coming in? It wasn't lack of a seismic network, it was lack of a communication system to get the information to people in the relevant countries who could then get it to people in the area of effect. The scientists who watch the network new about it, but didn't know who to talk to in Indonesia and other parts of SE Asia. In the Pacific, a tsunami warning system already exists, but not so in the Indian Ocean. It was a huge beaurocratic failure, yes, but not with regards to instrumentation, which, I suppose, makes it all the more tragic.

      Despite the existence of such a network, the oceans are still relatively sparsely sampled. Deploying OBS instruments helps this situation, and increases the sensitivity and precision of global earthquake position determinations. Deploy an array of them, and you can monitor earthquakes over a smaller area (say, a few thousand square kilometres) and look at processes like the motion of magma in chambers beneath the sea floor, just as is done on land in the vicinity of volcanoes there.

      OBS instruments have been around for a long time (decades), but technology has immensely improved for recording (e.g., robust solid-state memory can be crammed into a very small space). Apparently the study here will use an OBS array to monitor the details of earthquakes along a particular transform fault system in the Pacific (this is an analogous geometry to the lateral motion across faults like the San Andreas system). It looks like they are especially interested in detecting precursors to major earthquakes, and have picked a very active area so they will have plenty of data to work with.

  13. Re:It should not matter where the sensors are loca by Chrispy1000000+the+2 · · Score: 1

    On the other hand, you might just be detecting your heartbeat if your sensors are that highly tunes. It's hard to say.

    By golly.

    --
    Sig
  14. President-VICE To Exit In 2007: +1, Fun by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0


    leaving operations to Al-Qaeda Number 2

    This should be entertaining.

    Patriotically as always,
    K. Trout, M.D.

    P.S. Weird: please type the word in this image for this post was "resigns"

    1. Re:President-VICE To Exit In 2007: +1, Fun by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0



      Actually, my wife predicted a month or two after the re-election it would be a good thing (strategically) if the Veep were to resign his post, bring in someone who could roll in on the next election, as they have a better time making it in than someone brand new after a two-termer. I don't think the current VP would|should[1] run. This should[1] improve the odds vs. what is tentatively scheduled right now (a cold run by both parties...cold is a pun when Hillary is considered - I couldn't resist).

      ____________________________

      [1] Should: ought to but not necessarily will.


      You can tell by the smell that she isn't feeling well when the time of the month comes around.

  15. Wrong by StikyPad · · Score: 1
    The summary is summarily wrong, and is a complete misinterpretation of the article. I guess we* can forgive M. Piquepaille, since english probably isn't his native tongue, but the first paragraph of TFA is:
    "Hundreds of earthquakes occur every day around the world, most of them underneath the oceans, while the vast majority of instruments used to record earthquakes are on land. As a result, advances in understanding basic earthquake processes have been limited by the available data."
    While it's true that most earthquakes occur underwater, almost all of them are recorded by land-based stations. But the earthquakes occur in land, and the seismic waves travel through land, so that's not a huge problem. Also, most of the earthquake zones underwater are the same places where islands form, so getting close to the action isn't a problem there either. The use of underwater equipment will, hopefully, add more information, but almost every earthquake that occurrs today is recorded somewhere.
  16. Effectiveness by Mel+Tom · · Score: 1

    Only time will tell how far this system will be effective in real life crisis. Mel at windollars.blogspot.com

  17. Roland is whoring on zdnet now? by grub · · Score: 1

    "Recording earthquakes on the sea floor
    Posted by Roland Piquepaille @ 9:40 am"

    for shame.

    --
    Trolling is a art,
  18. Nothing new! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    They've had these things installed in Bikini Bottom ages ago...

  19. this has nothing to do with tsunamis.. by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Informative

    the region they're setting up the array, the east pacific rise (about 4S,104W), is what's known as a spreading center. places are spreading apart from eachother more or less uneventfully.

    there are earthquakes, but due to the nature of the fault they aren't that big--if at all noticable to anything but a machine. the sumatra "tsunami" quake was a subduction zone fault, there was a lot of slippage and a lot of vertical displacement on the ocean floor. comparitively, it was about 10^5 times greater than anything you're going to get on the EPR.

    the aim with this project is to get a better sense of the physical structure of the ocean crust around this anomalous spreading center by interpreting local earthquake travel times throughout the region.

    unfortunately there's not a lot anyone can do about tsunamis besides monitoring the height of waves at various regions in the ocean and hoping 5 hours is enough time to evacuate.

  20. Seismometers and snooping by sboyko · · Score: 1

    One hopes the seismometers won't be sensitive to notice the NSA tapping into the undersea fiberoptic cables!

    --
    SCO, Microsoft, P2P, what's your hot button?
  21. Jesus foretold more earthquakes in DIVERSE places by ProphetPX777 · · Score: 1

    The fact that earthquakes happen under the ocean is nothing new, we just don't know the overall "scale" of how many or how intense they are. It is recently known that earthquakes are on the rise in more and more places where they have not normally occurred before, and I think we will see (hear? sense? record?) even more occurrences of volcanic and magmatic activity the more we listen to the "gut reactions" of Earth's core so close to the sea floor, an area which, like the article said, usually has not been listened to much before.

    I know this might seem like flamebait, but I assure everyone that I do NOT intend to start any kind of conflict or argument here. Just my opinion and I see this in the news of the world, more and more: always about more earthquakes going on than ever before. So, in light of the recent 30 years or more, mostly from what I have studied, I DO believe that the "End of the Age" eons ago foretold by Jesus the Christ, is even swifter approaching ...

    Matthew 24:1-8 (King James Version)

    24:1 And Jesus went out, and departed from the temple: and his disciples came to him for to shew him the buildings of the temple.

    24:2 And Jesus said unto them, 'See ye not all these things? verily I say unto you, There shall not be left here one stone upon another, that shall not be thrown down.'

    24:3 And as he sat upon the mount of Olives, the disciples came unto him privately, saying, Tell us, when shall these things be? and what shall be the sign of thy coming, and of the end of the world?

    24:4 And Jesus answered and said unto them, 'Take heed that no man deceive you.'

    24:5 'For many shall come in my name, saying, I am Christ; and shall deceive many.

    24:6 'And ye shall hear of wars and rumours of wars: see that ye be not troubled: for all these things must come to pass, but the end is not yet.'

    24:7 'For nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom: and there shall be famines, and pestilences, and earthquakes, in divers places.'

    24:8 'All these are the beginning of sorrows.'

    Luke 21:5-11 (King James Version)

    21:5 And as some spake of the temple, how it was adorned with goodly stones and gifts, He [Jesus] said,

    21:6 'As for these things which ye behold, the days will come, in the which there shall not be left one stone upon another, that shall not be thrown down.

    21:7 And they asked him, saying, Master, but when shall these things be? and what sign will there be when these things shall come to pass?

    21:8 And he said, 'Take heed that ye be not deceived: for many shall come in my name, saying, I am Christ; and the time draweth near: go ye not therefore after them.

    21:9 'But when ye shall hear of wars and commotions, be not terrified: for these things must first come to pass; but the end is not by and by.

    21:10 Then said he unto them, 'Nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom:

    21:11 'And great earthquakes shall be in divers places, and famines, and pestilences; and fearful sights and great signs shall there be from heaven.'

    Read this page about Earthquakes by Century 7.0 and Higher

    Signs of the End of the Age: Earthquakes on the increase!

    What happened with the Earthquake near Indonesia that caused the Tsunami?

    Earthquakes occurring in divverse places PREDICTED


    --
    9/11 Was An Inside Job! http://www.InfoWars.com/
  22. Is Roland a script "read more..." by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0


    cut and paste, its not just for students

    guess who's sites/postings come up on a phrase search on Google

    Read more for additional details

    get rid of the Jerk, if i wanted to read crap cut&pasted i'd browse MySpace

  23. Or Kevin Rose stories on Digg! by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Piss Squeal ever get on the front page oer there?

  24. I wrote the code by certsoft · · Score: 4, Informative
    for the DSP based data acquisition system housed in that orange box shown at http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/viewImage.do?id=5748&a id=2509

    It's a Kinemetrics/Quanterra model Q330. There is a PC-104 based single board computer that records data to hard disk located in another sphere.

    1. Re:I wrote the code by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

      Greetings,

      I am interested in the data acquisition system but could not find how the 'data' was delivered.

      1). Is the "glass ball" retrieved and the data extracted, or
      2). Is the data transmitted, via radio (like the land based seismic transmitters), and
      3). If it is transmitted via radio, what is the frequency?

      (fwiw) I live in a very active seismic area, build 'quake detecting' devices, and belong to PSN (Public Seismic Network).

      I was very interested in your work.

  25. WHOI by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 1, Funny
    Sounds like a bunch of WHOI to me.


    (sound it out... ok, maybe it was only funny to me.)

    1. Re:WHOI by mnemonic_ · · Score: 1

      yeah it was

  26. misleading summary by demonbug · · Score: 1

    Teh article summary is very misleading. Just using land-based seismometers we are quite capable of detecting and locating pretty much every earthquake that occurs, whether it is on land or under sea. But this isn't really even what the article addresses. The whole point of the article is that up until now under-sea seismic observatories have been limited to either boradband recorders which are very sensitive (but can't accurately record high-intensity shaking) or accelerometers that only detect the strongest of shaking. All the article says is that a group from WHOI developed a system that includes both broadband and high-intensity seismometers/accelerometers, which they are going to deploy in a region known to have periodic high-intensity earthquakes (but also many smaller events). It isn't about locating under-sea earthquakes, it is about getting higher-quality information from those earthquakes. While it is relatively straightforward to locate and measure the relative intensity of earthquakes even from a very long distance, the lack of local measurement capabilities makes it very difficult to characterize the movements beyond a very basic level.
    Things like tsunami detection/prediction (predicting whether an earthquake you detected could/did create a tsunami) require a better characterization of local ground movement than is possible from remote observatories, so that is one area these could potentialy help - but this is obviously not the purpose of this particular project (they are putting them around a transform fault system, which is not the type of fault you would expect to create tsunamis - unless they set off major undersea landslides).

  27. Great! Now we'll know.... by gijoel · · Score: 1, Funny

    ... what those pesky "giant lizards are up to.

  28. I want to know if there's by ScrewMaster · · Score: 1

    any word on when Edenite is going to be invented? It would make subocean research much easier.

    --
    The higher the technology, the sharper that two-edged sword.
  29. Can Navy underwater sonobouys provide data? by tchdab1 · · Score: 1

    The US Navy has had the entire North Atlantic and a lot of the Pacific too completely mapped with underwater sonobuoys that are in effect a sensitive grid of networked microphones underwater. The network has been there at least since the 1960's. Its purpose was to detect and track Soviet ballistic and attack submarines. I read that it was very effective - that the Russians could not send a sub out of their northwestern ports into the world without the US knowing which one and where it was. I'd be surprised if someone has NOT gotten a grant to see if these could be used to interpret sound generated underwater by earthquakes, and as a result track earthquake activity with them. Does anyone know if this grid can work this way?

  30. already deployed as Tsunami early warning system by MACC · · Score: 1

    Well not with US-Style advertising but working.
    Based on a System used by GEOMAR before 2004.

    http://www.ifm-geomar.de/index.php?id=2566&L=1
    http://www.gfz-potsdam.de/html/projects/TEWS/index -en.html

  31. Geek summary by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    Soon you will be able to do a WHOI's lookup on undersea earthquake IP #s.

  32. Re:It should not matter where the sensors are loca by kevinT · · Score: 1

    While the land based sensors can detect earthquakes deep in the ocean, having a sensor package near the actual event aids in multiple ways - better location of the actual movement - better understanding of what is moving.

    Land based sensors can't give you the detailed information on ocean based earthquakes that you need to further the science of prediction. The article indicates the placement will be in an area know to have pre-cursor (ok spelling stinks) earthquakes, so local sensors could give the kind of warning that can save human lives.

  33. Seismographs Underwater? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 0

    I don't know, the whole idea seems a little shaky to me...

  34. land system picks up M4 anywhere in the world by peter303 · · Score: 1

    The current nuclear monitoring system run by SAIC picks magnitude four naywhere in the world including the seafloor. It picks up 3.5s anywhere on land. These are about a smallest quakes a person can feel shaking. So the SAIC system picks up ANY quake int he world that could cause damage.

    Of course its better for science to map smaller quakes. The Southern California Triple network is senstive to 1.5 anywhere in its area and in many places goes to fractional magnitude.

  35. Re:It should not matter where the sensors are loca by DustMagnet · · Score: 1

    People here are very confused about the purpose of OBS. (sorry to pick on you, but yours was the smartest)

    The title "Recording Earthquakes on the Sea Floor" might be less confusing if it was "Earthquake Recording on the Sea Floor". You say you need good Earth models to locate earthquakes. That's true, but the purpose here is the inverse. They are recording earthquakes to improve the Earth models. They drop a set of OBS in an area where they are unsure of the Earths morphology and use the recordings to create a more detailed model.

    The source earthquakes could be anywhere on earth, land or sea. Mostly it's the angle path the wave takes that makes it useful or not. I've never seen OBS used for local earthquake. As far as I know they are too sensitive to accurately record them.

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