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Another Ornithopter Takes Off

mnmn writes "Ornithopters have been around for a while, but a professor at the Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies has made progress with his. It flew for 14 seconds and covered a third of a kilometer. However it landed with a bit of a crash. Interestingly it uses a glow jet turbine from RC aircraft."

36 of 166 comments (clear)

  1. A Glow Jet Turbine? by Mindwarp · · Score: 5, Interesting

    As far as I was aware model jet turbines run on Kerosene, just like their bigger brethren. Glow fuel is Nitromethane mixed with a lubricant such as Castor or Synthetic oil.

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    1. Re:A Glow Jet Turbine? by bev_tech_rob · · Score: 4, Interesting
      Ducted fan, maybe?

      Den-tist! Jugga jigga wugga! Deli-style! Jugga jigga wugga!

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    2. Re:A Glow Jet Turbine? by Mindwarp · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Yeah, a ducted fan would definitely be driven by a two-stroke glow powered engine, but there's no way that it would generate the thrust needed for that application. They're a lot less powerful than a true jet turbine.

      --
      The gift of death metal does not smile on the good looking.
    3. Re:A Glow Jet Turbine? by jcr · · Score: 4, Informative

      Glow fuel is Nitromethane mixed with a lubricant such as Castor or Synthetic oil.

      Actually, it's a nitro/alcohol mix, with the nitro being anywhere from 5% to 50% or more.

      -jcr

      --
      The only title of honor that a tyrant can grant is "Enemy of the State."
    4. Re:A Glow Jet Turbine? by Deadstick · · Score: 5, Informative

      Actually, glow fuel is mostly methanol with some nitromethane added to improve ignition and horsepower, plus the lubricant you mention. The nitromethane content is typically 5-20%, though it was practically zero for about a year after a 1991 explosion that took out one of only two plants that make it in the US.

      There are jet models using ducted fans powered by glow-plug engines, but it's a pretty kludgey solution, because it takes very high rpm and power levels for piston engines. The engines have aft-mounted exhaust ports so they can run a tuned pipe down the middle of the "jet" exhaust, and the pipe is tuned for an rpm just a little bit south of disintegration. They perform very impressively, but the noise is extremely obnoxious and excludes them from a lot of flying sites.

      True turbojets began to appear in the Seventies and are common now. The big hurdle in making turbojets (or any gas turbine engine) is that you have to make the turbine wheel out of some exotic, hard-to-fabricate materials; the designers got over that one by adapting automotive turbocharger parts. They sound remarkably quiet, partially because a lot of the sound is above human hearing...your dog's mileage may vary.

      rj

    5. Re:A Glow Jet Turbine? by dunkelfalke · · Score: 4, Interesting

      there is (no shit) a small helicopter powered by a lada (yes, that really bad russian car maker) wankel engine.
      read more here

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    6. Re:A Glow Jet Turbine? by jcr · · Score: 4, Informative

      No, nitromethane is mixed with methanol and lubricants to make model airplane (glow) fuel.

      -jcr

      --
      The only title of honor that a tyrant can grant is "Enemy of the State."
  2. At last by Centurix · · Score: 3, Funny

    Someone flapping about something worthwhile!

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    Task Mangler
  3. Can't wait!!! by rangeva · · Score: 3, Funny

    Cool!!! Can't wait for those charter flights to America on Boing Ornithopters... I wonder what kind of drinks they offer...

    1. Re:Can't wait!!! by Mindwarp · · Score: 5, Funny

      I wonder what kind of drinks they offer...

      Shakes.

      --
      The gift of death metal does not smile on the good looking.
    2. Re:Can't wait!!! by Fulcrum+of+Evil · · Score: 3, Funny

      That's muthafuckin' shakes on a plane.

      --
      "We returned the General to El Salvador, or maybe Guatemala, it's difficult to tell from 10,000 feet"
  4. birds by stocke2 · · Score: 4, Insightful

    I wonder if one problem is birds wings, while they do flap, they do not have a rigid shape, they change shape durring flight.
    I wonder if an ornithopter could work with a wing that could change it shape slightly.
    of course I am still not sure, is there an advantage to an ornithopter or is it just a curiosity thing?

    --
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    1. Re:birds by Sowelu · · Score: 2, Informative

      As far as I can tell, the main advantage of an ornithopter--the reason that birds use that design--is that it doesn't require spinning parts, and it doesn't require literally burning fuel ie high temperatures. Living creatures don't spin very well or very fast and have no ball bearings, so living propellors would be out of the question, and throwing away some of your own mass isn't a good survival strategy, plus high temperatures have all kinds of problems. Bird wings are very useful if you don't have metal or oil, but past that? Probably no advantage at all.

    2. Re:birds by Deadstick · · Score: 4, Interesting
      Precisely. We already have flapping-wing aircraft, and they fly much more efficiently than birds because we know how to make a rotating joint and nature doesn't. Consequently we flap with economical rotary motion instead of energy-wasting reciprocating motion.

      rj

    3. Re:birds by cgenman · · Score: 3, Informative

      It had been said for many years that bees to not posess large enough wings to fly, and therefore they don't.

      Recently, it was discovered that the bending of the bees' wings helped to create and pull vortecies of air from the base of the wings out to the tips, tripling the effective lift for the same surface area.

      My guess is you're quite correct... until we move to a soft-wing design, we're going to have a heck of a time getting advantage to ornithoptor flight. And non-rigid industrial quality materials isn't exactly what our society is known for producing right now.

    4. Re:birds by falcon5768 · · Score: 3, Interesting

      actually you COULD rotate it 360, its not the joint that screws up the motion, its the muscles needed to create the motion. Nature makes rotating joints all over the place, its just its kinda useless thanks to the need to have something to move the joints. What would be more accurate is nature blows at creating gears.

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      "Slashdot, where telling the truth is overrated but lying is insightful."

    5. Re:birds by wjsteele · · Score: 5, Informative

      Sorry, but that is just not true. My Daughter won a four year scholarship by proving that Ornithopters are actually much more efficient in converting energy into flight then propeller driven airplanes. (Jet's are very inefficient compared to piston engined aircraft, it's just that they fly faster on cheaper fuel and have much lower maintenance costs which make them more "dollar efficient.")

      Anyway, the point is, during her analysis (which I might add was very impressive and detailed) she concluded that the flapping motion of birds and insects (which actually have two different flight models) were approximatly 300% more efficient at converting energy into aerodynamic fluid motion. Insects being a slight bit more efficient at it in denser air - which dramatically falls off the larger they get. Birds maintain efficiency to much thinner air - hence their ability to fly with increased sizes - with no known theroetical limit based on her limited science.

      What insects and most birds both do very well is use the wings motion in either direction to produces both lift and thrust (which is just lift in the direction of flight.)

      The real limit to ornithopters is the physical stresses created by the flapping motion. If you can model a birds wings on that large of a scale, the stress on the materials are tremendous, so careful thought has to go into materials selection as well as energy distribution. In fact, in these guy's earlier models, they were suffering breakages at the hinges (weak points.)

      Bill

      --
      It's my Sig and you can't have it. Mine! All Mine!
    6. Re:birds by aXis100 · · Score: 5, Informative

      I agree. Im 29 and consider myself to be pretty bright, yet I only discovered that misconception a year ago. Both the education system and mass media repeat "popular" junk science, and it was only by accident that I drilled into a deeper explanation on lift and was suprised with the real science.

      This site has a pretty good explanation. My favourite sentence is this:

      Students of physics and aerodynamics are taught that airplanes fly as a result of Bernoulli's principle, which says that if air speeds up the pressure is lowered. Thus a wing generates lift because the air goes faster over the top creating a region of low pressure, and thus lift. This explanation usually satisfies the curious and few challenge the conclusions. Some may wonder why the air goes faster over the top of the wing and this is where the popular explanation of lift falls apart.

    7. Re:birds by ipfwadm · · Score: 4, Informative

      And yet 747s are the most efficient known method for moving people from place to place. Funny how that works.

      If you're speaking strictly of fuel efficiency, then bullshit. A 747 cruises at 650 mph. The highest number of seats currently in use on a 747 is 587 (most 747s have fewer seats due to first and business classes). This gives a maximum of 381,550 passenger miles per hour (source: Wikipedia).

      A 747 burns, on average, 3,743 gallons of fuel per hour (source: International Civil Aviation Organization). This translates to 101 passenger miles per gallon.

      My Corolla, on the other hand, gets between 37 and 40 miles per gallon on the highway. Since we packed 'em in like sardines on the jet, we might as well do the same for the car and stick five people in there. At the low end of the mileage range, that's 185 passenger miles per gallon. Pretty amazing feat Toyota has pulled off, eh? Almost doubling the efficiency of the most efficient mode of transportation ever conceived!

      Even taking account the fact that a road route is longer than a great circle route, the car is still more efficient (15 gallons per passenger for the car, 24 for the 747 from JFK to LAX).

      And if I recall correctly, trains are quite a bit more efficient than cars.

      Now if you want to take time into account, or the infrastructure required to build a road/railroad across the country, then it's a slightly different story. But since the GP wasn't talking about those, it's a bit irrelevant.

  5. I dunno... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 4, Funny

    These things really didn't help Paul.

  6. paper airplane flapper by avi33 · · Score: 4, Informative

    My friend invented a flapping paper airplane 20+ years ago in junior high. Of course it's not nearly the same, since it reacts to pressure fluctuations instead of creating them. There are (pdf) instructions so anyone can be an ornithoptrix.

  7. Hey editors, you got it right for once... by ColdWetDog · · Score: 4, Interesting

    A slashdot article that is

    1) Interesting
    2) NOT and infomercial or astroturf
    3) Has a paragraph to page ratio of greater than 2
    4) Has some modicum of detail
    5) Not about SCO, Apple, Google or Mr. Bill

    Congrats. Of course, the signal to noise ratio is still painfully small. But it's a start.

    --
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    1. Re:Hey editors, you got it right for once... by QuantumFTL · · Score: 2, Interesting

      The easiest way to reduce SNR on things like slashdot, digg, etc is to apply a meta-filtering technique, perhaps through Yet Another Community Portal, but with much smarter filtering technology. A colleague and I have come up with an algorithm that would eliminate most of these problems, but after talking to Digg for a while about it, they weren't interested. If someone with a reasonable chance of success were to set up yet another community portal, I might be inclined to donate my research to its benefit.

    2. Re:Hey editors, you got it right for once... by RMB2 · · Score: 5, Funny
      A slashdot article that is
      .
      .
      5) Not about SCO, Apple, Google or Mr. Bill
      Ironically enough, I'm not entirely sure you read TFA, because they clearly mention "a remote-controlled ornithopter, which they called Mr. Bill"

      Huh, well 4 outta 5 ain't bad
      --
      [/sarcasm]
  8. DeLaurier's Ornithopter by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Informative

    My friend had been an engineer on the flapper project for years and it was only recently that the booster was added. As far as I understand, the wings do flex and have successfully propeled the plane on the runway to significant (~60kph) speeds without need for a boost, however, the plane kept oscillating into the ground. More than one interesting test day was the result. All I can say is "congratulations" to those on the flapper team...its been a long time coming. :) (I hope there will be an alumni party for those who have put so much effort into this project over the years.)

  9. Flapping power from ... where? by Migraineman · · Score: 4, Insightful

    The professor's website is being hammered by us, so I've only got the Star article to go from. "The R/C turbine provides thrust to get up to takeoff speed, at which point the flapping wings take over." I didn't see mention of a secondary propulsion means that causes the wings to flap. Electric motor? Pedal power? Briggs & Stratton? I'm curious how much horsepower it takes to keep his bird aloft. Anyone know?

  10. This machine is way cool but.. by Ougarou · · Score: 2, Interesting

    I doubt anybody would like to sponsor it. As everyone is working on getting things cleaner, this seems like a feul gusler.
    Nobody should stop dreaming though, they should open a donation page and print names on the wings!

  11. Re:If the wings had been by Deadstick · · Score: 3, Informative

    A bird's wing is an aerodynamic lifting body, and model ornithopters were flying before the Wright Brothers. They don't "fight against the lift" of the wing, but use it in a pretty sophisticated way.

    We don't have human-carrying ornithopters because scaling effects get in the way. The ability of a wing to produce lift (and the muscle power available to it, in the case of a bird) goes up as the square of the size, but the weight goes up as the cube.

    This is what limits the size of birds. A hummingbird can fly all day, even hovering motionless. A robin needs to rest once in a while. An eagle can only fly under muscle power in bursts; most of the time he has to soar on rising thermal currents like a sailplane. An ornithopter big enough to carry a human is going to need a LOT of power.

    rj

  12. Orhithoserver ? by alexhs · · Score: 2, Funny

    It flew for 14 seconds [...] However it landed with a bit of a crash

    Is that their server being slashhunted that they're talking about ?

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  13. Re:If the wings had been by samurphy21 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I suspect that this can be chalked up to the proportionatly enormous wing muscles these birds have, which is why ducks and geese are sought after game birds. They have tons of white meat compared to, say, a crow. They also have a relatively long wingspan for their weight, I think.

    Also, migratory birds don't fly the whole way from Canada down south in one go. They often stop to rest and refuel (and crap on my car).

    I'm no ornithologist, but these seem like logical deductions. Could be wrong.

  14. Re:If the wings had been by Afrosheen · · Score: 2, Informative

    All logical conclusions. When anything migrates, it has to stop and refuel and rest eventually. Also, it's not like there's one bird flying his ass off for 3000 miles all by himself. Ever notice the reverse V formation geese use when migrating? It's the most efficient formation for distance flying. The lead bird does most of the work, and each bird in sequence behind the lead does less and less work to stay aloft, because they're in a drafting chain. The birds at or near the back of the V are working the least while the lead works the most. They often rotate the lead bird out from one of the rear birds.

      Another advantage ducks and geese have is that they are able to build up great fat reserves which is converted into energy for long endurance flight. Simply compare the meat of a chicken to the meat of a duck and it becomes obvious which one has more fat content. Ducks and geese also need these fat reserves to survive colder climates for short periods of time as well (pre-migration).

      You're correct on your point of wingspan/size ratio of ducks/geese/swans. It seems the longer a bird must fly the greater the wingspan is needed. See the albatross for the best example of this. They have a wingspan of up to 11' 11" (no that's not a typo, 11 feet 11 inches total wingspan).

  15. Glow fuel, glow fuel or maybe glow fuel by beaverfever · · Score: 4, Funny

    There are three posts describing what glow fuel is, they are all somewhat different, and they are all modded to 4 or 5 points as either informative or insightful. Who is the winner?

    And is this post funny, insighful, informative, or is it just off topic?

  16. Manned Ornithopter Flight Already Done by c41rn · · Score: 4, Interesting
    According to this article, manned ornithopter flight had been achieved in 1942 by Adalbert Schmid. Like the ornithopter in the article, it was a manned, engine-powered ornithopter that could take off under its own power. The difference, it seems, is that Schmid's orni' had fixed wings in addition to the flappers whereas the one that flew today had only the flapping wings. Not to discredit or lessen their excellent achievement today, just think the history is interesting.

    Incidentally, you can buy some pretty neat ornithopter kits from www.ornithopter.org. I'm not affiliated or anything, just interested in flapping-wing flight and experimenting on a small scale.

    The development of flapping wing flight is interesting because it can also have other applications. I am especially interested in the use of 'flapper' designs in water craft (specifically for use in robotics). An interesting use of similar tech can be seen in these kayaks. Intersting stuff.

  17. Re:Wait... what?! by KylePflug · · Score: 4, Insightful

    Real nerds thought of Dune.

  18. Re:If the wings had been by TubeSteak · · Score: 2, Interesting
    They have tons of white meat compared to, say, a crow.
    http://www.straightdope.com/classics/a981204b.html

    Basically, white meat stays white because farmers clip their chickens' wings to keep them from exercising those muscles much.

    The more a muscles is exercised, the darker the meat gets.
    --
    [Fuck Beta]
    o0t!
  19. Boeing might disagree by bill_mcgonigle · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Precisely. We already have flapping-wing aircraft, and they fly much more efficiently than birds because we know how to make a rotating joint and nature doesn't. Consequently we flap with economical rotary motion instead of energy-wasting reciprocating motion.

    There's a project at Boeing to create a hummingbird-like propulsion system. It says, "Flapping flight may be the wave of the future for aviation." Their system relies on a shape-memory-metal actuator muscle. I'm forgetting at the moment who but there was another group recently that had a big announcement about simulating muscle with shape memory metal systems.

    Obviously this is still R&D, but flapping doesn't seem to be down and out just yet. (BTW, I looked it up and a hummingbird wing is just shy of 180 degree rotation with 75% of the lift from the downstroke and 25% of the lift from the upstroke). Energy consumption is high, so portable fusion generators might be a necessary prerequisite for heavy craft.

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