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Judge Rules Shared Files Folder Not Enough

NewYorkCountryLawyer writes "In UMG v. Lindor, Judge David G. Trager rejected Ms. Lindor's objection to a Magistrate's Report, in which Ms. Lindor complained that the Report could be read to imply that 'the mere presence of a shared files folder on an individual's computer would ... satisfy the requirements of 17 USC 106(3)', saying that the Report of Magistrate Robert M. Levy could not be so read, since '[t]he report and recommendation does not comment on whether or not the mere presence of a shared files folder satisfies 17 USC 106(3). Instead, it makes clear that plaintiffs will have the burden of proving actual sharing. [Report and Recommendation, at 5] ('At trial, plaintiffs will have the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that defendant did indeed infringe plaintiff's copyrights by convincing the fact-finder, based on the evidence plaintiffs have gathered, that defendant actually shared sound files belonging to plaintiffs.') (emphasis added)'"

41 of 156 comments (clear)

  1. Makes sense... by Kjella · · Score: 4, Insightful

    ...but I doubt it makes for much of a defense. To imply that "shared files" == infringement would criminalize everything from SMB shares to god knows what. I expect in practise this just means they'll have to explain how it applies in a specific case. The "You can't prove anyone downloaded from me, even though it's advertised through file searches and I'll send it to anyone that asks" is a razor thin defense to begin with.

    --
    Live today, because you never know what tomorrow brings
    1. Re:Makes sense... by j00r0m4nc3r · · Score: 2, Informative

      Yeah especially since every single Windows computer has the administrative C$, D$, etc... shares which basically encompasses the entire computer.

    2. Re:Makes sense... by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Actually it makes a good defense. The person providing files is not breaking any law. It's when you actually download it that you do break it. They have to go after the people downloading. That's a BIG difference.
      In question is 17 USC 106(3):

      "to distribute copies or phonorecords of the copyrighted work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending;"

      One downloading could actually OWN the work they are downloading. Is that infringing? I doubt you could sell that to a jury...notice that all of these include a monatery exchange.

    3. Re:Makes sense... by Loonacy · · Score: 4, Insightful

      That person had it available for download from their own computer, so I thought they owned the copyright. Seriously, it's not MY responsibility to make sure everything I download or buy is being distributed legally. It's the distributor's responsibility to make sure they have the right to distribute.

    4. Re:Makes sense... by The+Infamous+Grimace · · Score: 2, Insightful
      "to distribute copies or phonorecords of the copyrighted work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending;"
      I doubt you could sell that to a jury...notice that all of these include a monatery exchange.

      No, they don't all include monetary exchange. I can transfer ownership of an item to another without money ever being involved, and it could be argued that this is exactly what is being done by file sharing. When I allow you to download a file from my computer, I am in effect transfering ownership of the data in that file to you. Something to think about.

      -Peter
      --
      Ignorance and prejudice and fear
      Walk hand in hand
    5. Re:Makes sense... by AusIV · · Score: 4, Insightful
      Try that after buying some crack. Tell the judge "He invited me into the back alley and sold me the crack. It's not my responsibility to make sure what I'm buying is legal.

      Seriously though, that's a weak argument. When one person is distributing thousands of well known songs and hundreds of high dollar movies, you can be fairly confident that the distribution is illegal.

      That said, I think it's a weak case to go after downloaders instead of distributors. The only way to have evidence that they're downloading something (prior to searching their computer) is if they're downloading it from you, and if you actually own the copyright to that item, I'm not sure you can distribute it illegally.

    6. Re:Makes sense... by fafalone · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Well, say the crack dealer is an undercover cop. To avoid entrapment, the buyer would have to be the first one to indicate he wanted to do an illegal transaction. The cop couldn't just walk around saying "You want crack?" and arresting everyone who says yes.

    7. Re:Makes sense... by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Agreed that uploading for purposes of copying and downloading for purposes of copying may constitute copyright infringement. In the RIAA v. Consumer cases, however, the RIAA has evidence of neither. Nor does it have evidence that the defendant did anything at all. So where is the legal misinformation to which you are referring?

      --
      Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
    8. Re:Makes sense... by wolrahnaes · · Score: 4, Insightful

      Try that after buying some crack. Tell the judge "He invited me into the back alley and sold me the crack. It's not my responsibility to make sure what I'm buying is legal. Bad analogy. You are expected to know the crack is illegal, where when file sharing is involved it's hard to tell. The content is available legally, some artists do release one or two tracks for free on their web sites, so you are presented with a confusing scenario.

      Anyways, downloading is basically impossible to get sued over. If you're downloading off some random guy on the Internet, how's the **AA going to know, and if you're downloading off one of their bot machines it was completely legal because they own the copyright and put it up for free download. (as an aside, I came to this conclusion once before when they were polluting KaZaA and the like with damaged files and I decided to download 5-6 damaged versions and put them together in to one good version. It only worked with certain songs and was more work than it's worth, but technically it would have been legal.)

      Sharing is the only way you'll face legal trouble now and in the foreseeable future.
      --
      I used to get high on life, but I developed a tolerance. Now I need something stronger.
    9. Re:Makes sense... by breeze95 · · Score: 2, Informative

      Actually cops don't sell drugs they buy it in buy and bust or sting operations. I have never heard (and I live in NYC) of someone getting busted from buying drugs from cops. Only in the movies that happens. I don't think cops are allowed to engage in an illegal action, because it sets up the defense to use entrapment, and selling drugs is a big no-no.

  2. Lacking weight by Xiroth · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Uh, do we really need a blow-by-blow for this case on here? I mean, this is an interesting decision, but it seems to be more a procedual ruling rather than setting a precedent of any strength. Posted on a legal blog I could understand, but I doubt that enough of Slashdot's readers are fluent enough in legalese to get much sense out of it, or even get particularly interested in an intermediate step like this if they do understand it. Disclaimer: IANAL, so this is wide open to being contradicted to someone who is actually in the field.

    1. Re:Lacking weight by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 5, Interesting


      I think it's actually quite significant.

      I'm not aware of another decision, among the 25,000 or so cases that have been brought so far, where the Court has (a) laid out the standard of proof the RIAA will have to meet at trial, or (b) made it clear that the RIAA's theory -- that merely having a shared files folder is in and of itself a "distribution" -- won't cut it at trial.

      If you or any other reader is aware of any such decision, please bring it to my attention. Thanks.

      --
      Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
  3. I'm confused... by darien · · Score: 3, Insightful

    So hang on... so the judge dismissed an objection to a report that implied that having a Shared Files folder would satisfy the terms of 17 USC 106(3). Er, is this good or bad news?

    1. Re:I'm confused... by WgT2 · · Score: 2, Informative

      I'm confused as to why the editors gave absolutely no background summary concerning whatever this case is.

      Why should it make sense when, in reality, it's a continuation of a separate, as it were, 'conversation'?

    2. Re:I'm confused... by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 4, Informative

      It's good news, because the objection was just complaining about some language, and the judge was saying 'don't worry, the language doesn't mean what you feared it meant... and just to be sure, let me make it clear: the plaintiffs will have the burden of proving defendant actually shared files'.

      --
      Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
    3. Re:I'm confused... by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 2, Informative

      It's all in there. First read the magistrate's report. Then read the objection to the magistrate's report. Then read Judge Trager's decision.

      If you want to go back further, read the motion papers for the preclusion motion in UMG v. Lindor.

      --
      Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
  4. Could it be! An intelligent Judge! by gsn · · Score: 4, Insightful

    One that actually believes you have to be shown to sharing copyrighted material before being found guilty of it. Merry fucking Christmas.

    Tiny steps. Maybe next year we can get a judge who recognizes that the RIAA "settlements" are pure extortion and the entire calculation for how much financial damage was caused by sharing a file is pure bollocks. Eventually one who realizes that an IP address!=identity and they shouldn't be allowed to just ask ISPs for IP address and get any kind of information at all. And that it shouldn't be a crime to punch the RIAA layers and moguls in the face... one can dream.

    --
    Reality must take precedence over public relations, for nature cannot be fooled.
    1. Re:Could it be! An intelligent Judge! by Travoltus · · Score: 3, Funny

      This judge will get sued for all the infringement that will be allowed because of this.

      Well, not really, but you never know...

      --
      --- Grow a pair, liberals... stop letting the Republicans bully you!
    2. Re:Could it be! An intelligent Judge! by 91degrees · · Score: 2, Insightful

      One that actually believes you have to be shown to sharing copyrighted material before being found guilty of it.

      Well, I'd hope that most judges would expect a certain amount of proof before awarding a multi billion dollar judgement against an individual. When you're asking for the life ruining damages the RIAA are demanding, a judge isn't going to rush the case so he can get away and play a few rounds of golf.

    3. Re:Could it be! An intelligent Judge! by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 2, Informative

      The defendant in this case never even turned on a computer.

      --
      Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
  5. Intent to share ? by iemeeltje · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Copyrighted files on a shared folder is indeed not equal to sharing copyrighted files. However doesn't this show "intent to share" ? Don't know a lot on the US justice system (criminal, civil etc.) but I guess the proverb "stupidity doesn't mean innocense" still holds. To me it seems the plaintiff needs to prove actual sharing in order to get damages (?)

    1. Re:Intent to share ? by gnasher719 · · Score: 2, Informative

      '' Copyrighted files on a shared folder is indeed not equal to sharing copyrighted files. However doesn't this show "intent to share" ? Don't know a lot on the US justice system (criminal, civil etc.) but I guess the proverb "stupidity doesn't mean innocense" still holds. To me it seems the plaintiff needs to prove actual sharing in order to get damages (?) ''

      This seems a bit mixed up. First, having a shared folder does _not_ mean "intent to share". Even if it means "intent to share", it doesn't mean that any sharing and any copyright violation happened. If I offer everyone on Slashdot to copy my complete music collection, and nobody takes up the offer, then no copyright violation has happened. On the other hand, many on Slashdot have in the past argued that having an unprotected open wireless connection shows "intent to share", but they are wrong, and courts have decided they are wrong.

      And that seems to be exactly the point that the judge made: There was a report saying that the defendant had file sharing turned on. The defendant complained because she was afraid someone might conclude that file sharing had actually happened. The judge rejected her complaint because _nobody could legally draw that conclusion_. Exactly as you said, the plaintiffs need to show that actual copyright violation happened, or has most likely happened.

    2. Re:Intent to share ? by davepermen · · Score: 3, Interesting

      Hm.. so having a gun does show "intent to kill"?

      I know it's different, but i think the choice to not make it illegal to "just show intent" is a good one anyways.

      If they find someone with "intent to share", they have reasons enough to observe and get an actual case, in which the ones shares, if he does. Or find out if he tries to.

      If the police gets to know that i intend to murder, they try to stop me before I do, and can get me in front of law for this. But they can't get me in front of law because of murder. I could, right before doing the act, think otherwise and just wouldn't have done anything. Nobody can prove the murder as long as it didn't happen.

      But showing intent is another delicti. I mean, if they get one sharing 100ths of gigabytes of copyrighted material over bittorrent or similar (i think they mean such shares, not windows shares.. it's just common terminology), they can react, but they can not bring him to case for sharing as long as they haven't proved it.

      This is just right.

    3. Re:Intent to share ? by gnasher719 · · Score: 3, Insightful

      '' Soliciting to a crime or attempt to commit a crime is 'sometimes' punishable, sometimes it isn't (criminal law). Publicly sharing a folder feels to me like an attempt to commit a crime, but could be diminished by the user's stupidity (not knowing how to set permissions and such) ''

      Well, there are different kinds of crime. If you plan to steal my wallet, and a police officer knows about it, he can wait until you take my wallet and arrest you afterwards. If you plan to kill me, and a police officer knows about it, he cannot wait until you kill me; he has to stop you before you do it or even try to do it. Therefore there is a good reason to make it a crime to plan or attempt to kill someone; there is much less reason to make it a crime planning to steal my wallet.

      Also: Not knowing that sharing copyrighted files is a a copyright infringement is not an excuse.
      Not knowing that files you shared were copyrighted is some amount of excuse (if I give you some music, claiming that it is in the public domain, you share it, and it turns out that I lied to you, that is an excuse for you).
      Not knowing that you are sharing files _is_ an excuse (unless you should have known).

    4. Re:Intent to share ? by 91degrees · · Score: 2, Informative

      The RIAA are claiming for damages. Not punishment.

      A similar example would be if I broke your window, regardless of intent, you could sue me for the replacement of the cost of the window if you could prove it was me. If I intended to break your window, but kept missing when throwing rocks, then you haven't suffered any harm so couldn't sue me.

  6. In it for the money by Propaganda13 · · Score: 4, Interesting

    Shouldn't the RIAA get a couple of rock solid cases to win in court instead of extort^H^H^H settling for money? If piracy is that rampant, shouldn't they be able to get some slam dunk cases in court? Couldn't they link a case or two and have involved third parties testify? Like a druggie or undercover officer testifying against a drug dealer? IANAL, so I don't know how that would work in a civil case.

    1. Re:In it for the money by Sancho · · Score: 3, Insightful

      Why should they? The settlements are working so well.

      The RIAA's goal in these suits is to stop copyright infringement by making an example out of people. A couple of million dollar judgements isn't likely to be more effective than dozens of multi-thousand dollar settlements, and it's going to cost a hell of a lot more.

      Furthermore, there's always the chance that they'd lose. A loss would be devestating, because they would start seeing more and more people fighting the allegations, which they don't want.

  7. Shared Folders do not equal P2P by AC5398 · · Score: 3, Insightful

    Shared folders are not evidence that you're running p2p programs. My freakin Windows XP Media Centre PC came with shared folders that I still can't get rid of.

    1. Re:Shared Folders do not equal P2P by iemeeltje · · Score: 2, Funny

      In that case Microsoft would be a co-conspiritor to distributing copyrighted materials (?) :-)

  8. Oohhhhkay then by LordPhantom · · Score: 3, Insightful

    I like NYCountyLaywer. But..... that headline was terrible. A summary should, in LAYMAN's terms, describe why I should spend a few moments reading about the issue.

    Ms. Lindor complained that the Report could be read to imply that 'the mere presence of a shared files folder on an individual's computer would ... satisfy the requirements of 17 USC 106(3)', saying that the Report of Magistrate Robert M. Levy could not be so read, since '[t]he report and recommendation does not comment on whether or not the mere presence of a shared files folder satisfies 17 USC 106(3).

    Seriously , do you really think that 95% of the readers are going to know off the top of their heads what 17 USC 106(3) is? I like playing armchair laywer, so I bothered to find out, but that headline made my eyes bleed. I suspect I would have started channeling Lewis Black if I hadn't posted this.

    1. Re:Oohhhhkay then by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 5, Interesting

      Sorry LordPhantom, will try to do better next time.

      I have a lot of pressure on me from a lot of directions.

      One source is the RIAA, which has been scouring my internet writings and keeps trying to discredit me with the Judge. Just the other day, when I wrote to the Judge to submit the decision of the District Court of Utrecht in the Netherlands, and the independent expert report upon which it was partially based, they tried to "strike" my submission, and in support of their motion to "strike" sent the judge a page from my blog. It's all here.

      Mainly, I've come to this decision: I'm under so much time pressure, I have to concentrate on what is the most important contribution I can make, and leave the rest to others. The most important contribution I can make is get accurate news and information out there. So I try to concentrate on that and let the rest of the world take care of the rest. Excellent commentators such as p2pnet.net, Ars Technica, TechDirt, Digital Music Web Log, Boing Boing, and others, can often make it more understandable. I got a laugh when Grant Robertson of Digital Music Weblog wrote that my article "How the RIAA Litigation Process Works" read like dry toast, and wrote his own version of it designed for non-lawyers.

      --
      Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
    2. Re:Oohhhhkay then by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 2, Funny

      Correction. Grant wrote that my post was "dry like a bread sandwich".

      --
      Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
    3. Re:Oohhhhkay then by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 2, Insightful

      Thanks for your kind words, Fishbulb. A little encouragement, now and then, helps.

      --
      Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
  9. Re:English please??? by NewYorkCountryLawyer · · Score: 5, Informative


    We complained that Magistrate's report implied that merely have a shared files folder on the internet would be a copyright infringement.

    Judge said "no, it doesn't say that, it means that the RIAA will have to prove that defendant actually did share files".

    --
    Ray Beckerman +5 Insightful
  10. Re:I'm so confused by ScentCone · · Score: 2, Interesting

    And I think the solution may be for this judge to talk to the one(s) that have ruled that just linking to copyrighted material is infringement.

    Except... the other judge did not say that. The guy in question wasn't just "linking to" someone else's content... he was embedding someone else's copyrighted videos in his own site, making it look like it was his material, while still burning up the other guy's bandwidth. It was classic leeching, and he was making ad money off of doing it.

    --
    Don't disappoint your bird dog. Go to the range.
  11. Who said the case law has to make sense? by Anonymous Coward · · Score: 2, Insightful

    Case one: In some locales having a sufficient quantity of drugs in your possession does make you a drug dealer. What if you are just a bulk-shopper with a large habit and like to save a few bucks?

    Case two: I lend you my car (license you some music). You park it legally in front of a bank and go inside to speak to a teller. Those naughty bank robbers opt to use my car as the getaway vehicle. You leave the bank and the car is gone. Did you participate in the crime? I can sue you for actual damages because I can't get to work now. I can also sue the robbers for the same thing.

    1. Re:Who said the case law has to make sense? by Fordiman · · Score: 2, Funny

      Case one illustrates the difference between crime and infringement, as far as consequences go. You can't win a case on intent, or even posession alone, if the case is civil.

      I don't know what case two illustrates. I assume the 'I' in it is the RIAA, the 'you' is the consumer, and the 'car' is music, but I'm not sure where the bank robbery or theft comes in. I'm thinking this just goes into the 'bad vehicular metaphor' category.

      --
      110100 1101000 1101000 1100110 0 1101111 1101000 1100011 1
  12. Re:I'm so confused by aussie_a · · Score: 3, Funny

    So if I have a window in my house overlooking a screen from a drive-in and charge deaf people to sit and look out my window, is that copyright infringement?

    Hmmm... perhaps I should make a new name "TerribleAnalogyGuy"

  13. Re:English please??? by jc42 · · Score: 2, Interesting

    Is this saying that if they can prove you had a shared folder and that folder contained copyrighted works, then you are guilty of copyright infringement? ...
    That kind of scares me ...


    As well it should. The obvious parallel that occurs to me: I have a lot of copyrighted works sitting on bookcases in my living room. Right at this moment, both our front and back doors are unlocked. (It's late Saturday morning here, and we've been going in and out of the house.)

    If the prosecution's claim here is valid, then I'm also guilty of copyright infringement. After all, anyone could walk in off the street and take one of those copyrighted works off my shelf. They wouldn't even have to steal the book. There's a copier over in a corner, so they could copy a few pages, walk out with them, and I'd never know. Until someone sues me for "distribution", and uses my unlocked door as evidence of intent.

    Now, obviously a computer directory full of files is physically different than a bookcase full of books with a copier in the corner. An unlocked door and a shared folder are physically different. But as far as the "intellectual contents", these two cases seem quite similar.

    What's the legal difference here? Are there any lawyers here that can explain? Or am I taking a severe risk by not hiding my bookcases behind locked doors at all times?

    --
    Those who do study history are doomed to stand helplessly by while everyone else repeats it.
  14. Re:I'm so confused by HermMunster · · Score: 2, Interesting

    It would not be illegal since the screen, in this scenario, is visible to anyone in the public, even if they are only able to see it from your residence or ones near you. Because it is being broadcast in the open it isn't illegal. The motion picture group might want royalties from what you charge and the government might want to collect taxes but there'd be no legal infringement. You can equate it charging to have someone listen to a CD that you picked up off the street. I found a CD once that was in good shape. I didn't like the music so I gave it to a friend.

    One would also have to argue that your charging is in fact causing any damage to the movie industry.

    --
    You can lead a man with reason but you can't make him think.
  15. Re:Link whoring by MobileTatsu-NJG · · Score: 2, Insightful

    "Is it just me or do most of the stories that get posted by Zonk involve a /. user who is link whoring their companies and/or blogs?"

    Yeah, it's a huge surprise that a site that posts user submitted stories ends up with submissions from people excited about a product. What an evil horror. Thanks for bringing this to our attention! We wouldn't want to read about products that cost money!! That'd be like advertising!!!

    So... um.. anyway, why'd you bring that up in this particular story?

    --

    "I like to lick butts!" by MobileTatsu-NJG (#32700246) (Score:5, Informative)